Sunday, 29 November 2020

Durga Puja 2020

Durga means impassable, invincible, and unassailable - the one who can fight against evil and protects the universe from negativity. She appears in various forms as an independent deity in the pages of ancient history. Another name for Maa Durga is Durgatinashini which resembles- '  the one who eliminates suffering'.

When the world was helpless and unable to demolish the evil demon Mahishasura, the Trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva created a powerful female incarnation called Goddess Durga.

Durga emerged from the holy water of Ganga as a psyche when all the good and goddess from her into a physical form with ten hands - as the most powerful to defeat the demon.

Maa Durga's face was structured by Lord Shiva, while her torso was crafted by Indra. Her breasts and teeth were made by Chandra and Bramha respectively. The most unique part of Maa Durga is her eyes which were crafted by Agni. She was a supreme power where every god and goddess created with their powers. She was born as Mahamaya - the Great Mother of the Universe who will protect everyone from the destruction of civil forces in the universe.

After acquiring her physical form, every god and goddess gifted her their blessings in the form of weapons. The ten hands of Goddess Durga holds:

Conch - symbolizing the antediluvian sound from where the entire creation is formed.

Sudarshan Chakra - symbolizes that since Durga is the creation of all gods, so all the universe revolves around her.

Lotus - represents wisdom and knowledge

Sword - Mark of sharpness and overcome their negativity.

Bow and Arrow - a symbol of energy and strength

Trishul - it has three qualities of Tamas, Rajas and Sattva.

Mace - enjoins to exhibit loyalty, love and devotion of Maa Durga

Vajra - symbolizes firmness, determination and supreme power 

Axe - the power to destroy and create

Snake - indicates the upward movement from the lower state of consciousness to the high state of existence.


Incarnations of Durga 

There are nine incarnations of Maa Durga including Kali, Bhagvati, Bhavani, Ambika, Lalita, Gauri, Kandalini, Java, Meenakshi and Kamakshi.


Eyes of Maa Durga - 

Maa Durga is also called as Triyambake, resembling the three-eyed Goddess. The left eye represents desire, peace and calmness of the moon. While the right eye represents the power of the sun; and the middle or central eye replicates the ability to burn with its power of fire.


Top 20 Durga Puja of Year 2020














Monday, 23 November 2020

RANI RASHMONI HOUSE - JANBAZAR

 

RANI RASHMONI HOUSE - JANBAZAR

The festival of Durga Puja at Kolkata appears to be a remarkable tradition. Durga puja as used to commemorate by the aristocrat families and Zamindars of ancient Calcutta relates the history and foundation of Kolkata. In this post, tried to show a glimpse of the century old Durga Puja celebrations of the aristocrat and Zamindar families of Kolkata.





Rani Rashmoni ( āϰāĻžāύāĻŋ āϰāĻžāϏāĻŽāĻŖāĻŋ, 1793—1861 ), after her marriage, she continued the tradition of celebrating Durga Puja at her house at Janbazar. Rani Rashmoni’s House at Janbazar wasvenue of traditional Durga Puja celebration each autumn. This included traditional pomp, including all-night Jatra (folk theatre) and Kabi gaan. Maharshi Debendranath Tagore used to visit this house during Durga Puja. The idol of Durga having a speciality to mention that its face color is “Tapta kanchan” Barna and it is maintained. Ramakrishna and Sarada Devi also worshiped here.







Photo Credit: Biswarup Nath
https://www.facebook.com/biswarup.nov30


Thursday, 19 November 2020

āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻžāĻĒā§‚āϜāĻž āϏāĻŽā§ŸāϏ⧂āĻšā§€ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧧ | Durga Puja 2021


 āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻžāĻĒā§‚āϜāĻž āϏāĻŽā§ŸāϏ⧂āĻšā§€ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧧ | Durga Puja 2021

Friday, 2 October 2020

Hatkhola Dutta Bari Old Durga Puja Since 1716


Gobindoshon Dutta Chowdhury  left Andul Rajbari as well as the title"Chowdhury" and came to Gobindopur at 1580 CE. He gain trust of Raja Todar Mal(Secretary of Akbar) that he was appointed as the Governor of the province in 1594.He has Four sons- Baneswar Dutta, Bhuabaneswar Dutta, Ram Narayan Dutta, Bisweswar Dutta.

Ramcharan Dutta, son of Baneswar Dutta, born in 1630 CE at Gabindapur village.He gave up his property of Gabindapur village to British E.I.Coy for construction of the first Fort William (BI. 1696 CE) under the supervision of John Goldsborough, in exchange of a vast amount of land at Chitpore. In 1705 CE, he moved out from Chitpore and settled at Hatkhola (presently whose address is- 2 Madan Mohan Dutta Lane, Kolkata-06).Ramchandra actually didn’t sell his Chitore property to any one, he just left as it is and moved to Hatkhola.
Durga and Kali puja there have started since 1716 CE by him. Ramchandra Dutta became the pioneer of HATKHOLA DUTTA FAMILY.He established a Shiva Lingam shrine at chitpore road (earlier pilgrim rd- because this road would go straight and connect with Kalighat temple which is a pilgrim place) close to his house.It is the old Hatkhola Dutta '. In 1716 CE Ramchandra initiated annual worshiping of Goddess Durga and Kali.
It is said in the old Patna city ‘Chhoti Patan Devi’ shrine situated at Chandi Chowk area in old Patna city was erected by  him .
Ramchandra was married to Durgamoni.
They had five sons- Krishna Chandra, Manikya Chandra, Bharat Chandra, Shyam Chandra and Gorachand. Krishna Chandra’s elder son was Madan Mohan Dutta. He became a merchant and amassed enough wealth.
Madan Mohan had 4 sons and few daughters. 
He was very religious  too. Due to his fame, his house began to known as the ‘Hathkhola Dutta Bari’ and his descendants as the Duttas of Hathkhola. 
Now it is carried on by Sraboni Ghosh,wife of late Supratik Ghosh. 

In the month of Aashar during 'Shukla Nabami', the frame work of the idol is worshipped, which is later used for the making of the idol.After 7 days of Ulta Rath, the main structure is worshipped and the soil is applied twice followed by  application of white colour ,main colour as well as Chokkhu dan on Mahalaya.The  'Chalchitra' is divided into three parts.The upper right side of the 'Chalchitra'  comprises the   painted image of Radha Krishna and the  Bottom  comprises of the image of Chandi of 'Nishumbha' war.On the upper left side of the 'Chalchitra' is the picture of Ram and Sita while at its bottom is Chandi in her 'Shumbho' form.At the top middle of the 'Chalchitra', is the image of Kali and at the bottom is the painted image of 10 avtars of Vishnu.On the curved frame work of the 'Chalchitra', there are 2 parrots and pineapples respectively. Lord Ganesha is  seen to be sitting on the  lotus and Goddess  Lakshmi &  Saraswati  to be standing on lotus. Behind the idol of Lakshmi on the is the image of Shiva on an ox.
Behind the idol of Saraswati is Ram and Hanuman. Goddess Durga's appurtenance, the Lion has a horse face white in colour.On the day of Panchami , when carrying idol to the singhasan , Lord Ganesha will enter first as well as leaving first.We decorate the idol with jewellery, weapons, bracelets, crown,etc
Shasti Pujo & Bel boron takes place in Bodhon ghar. In front of Goddess Durga, Adhibas & Chokkhudan takes place. "Sri" is prepared on Shashti and on Shaptami morning, we proceeds towards the Ganga ghat for "Kolabou Snan" where 
silver fan & umbrella respectively is  needed and a part of our ritual and tradition as well as a mark of Bonedi barir pujo. We return to our house and Puja starts. "Hom" starts in Bodhon Ghar and this  continues till Navami. Our mandap is Shaptasati Mandap, a dedicated sacred place where  Katyayani form of Goddess Durga is worshipped. It helps devotees to gain strength
and courage in difficult times.108 pieces of  Lotuse are offered to Durga maa during Shondhi pujo and 108 Diyas being lightened up in the form of an " OM" 🕉(a word for affirmation or assent intoned as part of a mantra or as a symbolic mystical utterance during meditation). Kheer er Putul (the doll of condensed milk) sacrifices (Shotru Boli- enemy sacrifice)
are still prevalent in the Hatkhola Dutta Bari Old.
Kumari Pujo, an essential part of Durga Puja,  involves worship of an unmarried teenage girl  symbolizing Indian   Goddess  takes place consecutively 4 days namely Saptami , Ashthami, Sondhi pujo and Navami. After the end of "Dakkhinantar", Chandipath stops. Threads attached  to the "Ghot" (earthen water jar or pot) is being cut. Maa Durga's  name is being written 3 times in 3 belpata(vine leaves) each with Alta and being offered to her. Maa Durga's feet is being seen with help of Dorpon,a small mirror.




Accurate time is followed  while doing Boron and shidur khela as well as Bishorjon.We also have the 'Nilkontho' ritual which is considered a good omen when the  second bird flies homeward. One of the birds are set free on the time of immersion while the other one is let out after the immersion. Idol  of Goddess Durga is lifted and  carried on shoulders in such a way that the idol does not touch the ground. Then Idol is carried on two boats which are sailed towards the middle of the river where  the two separates and Goddess Durga is immersed into the water. During the immersion of Goddess Durga, everyone chants " bolo dugga mai ki jai", "asche bochor abar hobe, bochor bochor abar hobe " in the background while  the idol goddess Durga is seen slowly sinking into the river.










Wednesday, 30 September 2020

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 āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹ āφāϏāϞ⧇āχ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻŦāĻĻ⧇āϰ  āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇  āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāύ ? āϕ⧇āω  āĻŦāϞ⧇ āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāϰāĻžāϤ āĻ āĻžāϕ⧁āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻŦ , āϕ⧇āω āĻŦāϞ⧇ āϘ⧁āϰāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻŦā§‹ āĻ•āϞāĻ•āĻžāϤāĻžāϰ  āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇ āĨ¤  āφāϰ  āφāĻŽāĻžā§Ÿ  āϕ⧇āω āĻŦāϞāϞ⧇  āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āϏ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻŦāϞāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϤ⧇  āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏ āϤāĻ–āύ āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ¨ā§‡ā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āϏāĻŦ āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āχ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āφāϏāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ  āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ āϝ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāϜāĻž , āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ  āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž  āωāĻ āϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ  āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ   āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ  āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž  āĻŽāύ⧇ āφāϏ⧇ āĨ¤

                          



āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻž āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋āχāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ  āĻĒā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡  āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ  āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ  āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻĒ⧁āϰ⧇  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻžāĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ āϏ⧂āϚāύāĻž  āĻšā§Ÿ ⧧⧝ā§Ēā§Ļ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ āϏ⧁āρāϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŽā§‹āĻšāύ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ  āĻšāĻžāϤ āϧāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āφāϰ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ  āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝāϰāĻž  āĻšā§āĻ—āϞ⧀ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻžāϰ  āϏ⧋āĻŽā§œāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϝāĻļ⧜āĻž āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻāϏ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ  āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āύāϟāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹  āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ  āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻĒā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡  āĻāχ āϏ⧋āĻŽā§œāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ⧇  āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇  āĻ–ā§‹āϞāĻž āĻŽāĻžāϠ⧇  āĻŦāĻžāρāĻļ⧇āϰ āϖ⧁āϟāĻŋ  āĻ“  āĻļāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ  āĻŦā§‡ā§œāĻž āĻ“   āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϜāĻžāϕ⧇āϰ āφāϞ⧋ āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĒ⧁āύāσāϰāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āχ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āφāϜāĻ“  āĻ“āχ  āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āχ  āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ  āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹  āĻšā§Ÿā§‡  āφāϏāϛ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰāĻž  āĻŽā§‡āύ⧇āχāĨ¤āĻ…āύ⧇āϕ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϕ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϚāϞ⧇āϛ⧇ āφāϜāĻ“āĨ¤ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϕ⧇āωāχ  āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝāϰāĻž  āϏ⧋āĻŽā§œāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ⧇  āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ ā§Ģ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁  āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻž āϏ⧋āĻŽā§œāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āϏ⧁āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ“āϠ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ⧇ āĻĻāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻĻ⧁āϰ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻ“āύāĻžāϰāĻžāχ  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āĻļ⧁āύ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ  āĻĻāĻŋāύāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰ⧋āϰāχ  āĻ•āϞāĻ•āĻžāϤāĻžāϤ⧇  āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž  āĻšā§Ÿ  āύāĻžāĨ¤ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ  āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇  āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇āχ  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ  āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āχ āϏ⧇āϰāĻžāĨ¤
                                       
āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ  āĻšāϞ⧇āχ  āϛ⧋āϟāĻŦ⧇āϞāĻžā§Ÿ  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ  āϖ⧁āĻŦ   āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻšāϤ⧋  āϏ⧋āĻŽā§œāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āϝāĻžāĻŦā§‹ āĻļ⧁āύāϞ⧇āχ āĨ¤ āώāĻˇā§āĻŸā§€āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ  āϏāĻ•āĻžāϞ ā§Ŧ āϟāĻžā§Ÿ  āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦā§‡ā§œāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻļāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϞāĻĻāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāĻžāύ⧇  āϝāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻļāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϞāĻĻāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇ āĻšāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāϰāĻž āĻāĻ• āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĸāĻžāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϤ⧋ āϝ⧇āϟāĻž āĻāĻ–āύāĻ“ āϗ⧇āϞ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āχ āĻĸāĻžāϕ⧇āϰ āϤāĻžāϞ āĻļ⧁āύāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧁āύāϤ⧇ āύāĻŽā§‡ āĻāĻ•āϰāĻžāĻļ āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāĻžāύ⧇āϰ  āĻ­āĻŋāϤāϰ āĻĒ⧌āϛ⧇  āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ•āϰ⧇ ā§Šā§Ļ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ ā§Šā§Ģ āϜāύ  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§€ā§ŸāĻĻ⧇āϰ  āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāϤ⧋āχ āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ āĻāĻ• āϜāĻžā§ŸāĻ—āĻžā§Ÿ āĻĻāĻžā§œāĻžāύ⧋ āĻšāϤ⧋ āĻ“ āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāϟ āĻŦā§œā§‹ āϕ⧇āω āϕ⧇āĻŸā§‡ āφāύāϤ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏ  āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ  āĻ•āĻžāĻŸā§‹ā§ŸāĻž āϞ⧋āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϝāĻž āφāϗ⧇  āϏāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ  āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āχ  āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āύ⧇ āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧇  āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ  āĻ•āĻžāĻŽāϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āωāϠ⧇  āĻĒ⧜āĻž āĻšāϤ⧋ āĨ¤  āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽāϰāĻžāϤ⧇  āϝ⧇  āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϤāĻžāĻŽ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ   āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ  āϞ⧋āĻ•āϜāύ  āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ jāĻĒ⧇āϤāĻžāĻŽ āĨ¤ āϖ⧁āĻŦ  āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻšāϤ⧋  āϜāĻžāύāϞāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰ⧇  āĻŦāϏ⧇  āĻļāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϞāĻĻāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇  āϏ⧋āĻŽā§œāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ  āϝāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĨ¤ āϖ⧁āĻŦ  āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ  āύāĻž  āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āύ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ ā§Š āϘāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĨ āĨ¤  āϏ⧇āχ  āϝāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āύāĻž āĻšāϤ⧋ āϤāĻ–āύ  āĻ—āĻžāύ, āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ, āφāĻĄā§āĻĄāĻž āĻ–āĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻĻāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻ“ āĻšāĻžāϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇   āϏ⧋āĻŽā§œāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāĻžāύ  āĻāϏ⧇ āĻĒ⧜āϤ⧋  āφāϰ  āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāĻžāύ⧇  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ  āĻāĻ• āĻĻāĻžāĻĻ⧁ āĻĻāĻžāρ⧜āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇āύ  āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāĻžāύ āĻŽāĻžāĻˇā§āϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ  āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇  āφāϞāĻžāĻĒ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžā§Ÿ  āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇āύ āĻ•āϞāĻ•āĻžāϤāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇  āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ āϞ⧋āĻ•āϜāύ āφāϏāϛ⧇ āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āύ  āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻŦ⧇āĻļā§€  āĻĻāĻžāρ⧜  āĻ•āϰāĻžāĻŦ⧇āύ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ  āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰ⧀, āĻĢ⧁āϞāĻĢāϞ  āϏāĻŦ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻžāύ⧋ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāχāĨ¤  āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ  āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ āύ⧇āĻŽā§‡ āĻĒ⧜āϤāĻžāĻŽ āφāϰ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ  āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇  āĻŦāϏ⧇  āϝāĻļ⧜āĻž āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ  āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāĨ¤  āĻāĻ–āύ  āĻāχ  āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āύ āϝāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϰ  āĻšā§Ÿ  āύāĻž āĻāĻ–āύ  āύāĻŋāϜāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ  āĻ—āĻžā§œāĻŋ  āφāĻĨāĻŦāĻž  āĻ­āĻžā§œāĻžāϰ  āĻ—āĻžā§œāĻŋ  āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āχ  āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ  āϏāĻŽā§Ÿā§‡  āϏ⧋āĻŽā§œāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ  āϝāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž  āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ 
   
āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ  āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ  āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ   āĻšāϞ⧋  āϰāĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ  āύāĻŋāϜāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ  āĻŦāĻžāρāĻļāĻāĻžā§œ  āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇  āĻŦāĻžāρāĻļ āϕ⧇āĻŸā§‡  āĻāύ⧇  āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹ āĻŦ⧇āρāϧ⧇  āϕ⧁āϞāĻĒ⧁āϰāĻšāĻŋāϤ⧇āϰ āϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇  āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻž āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ  āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁  āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻž āĻŽā§‡āύ⧇  āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϞ⧟āĻžāϰ  āĻĻāĻŋāύ  āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ  āϚāĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻāĻžāύ  āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āώāĻˇā§āĻŸā§€āϰ  āĻĻāĻŋāύ  āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžā§Ÿ  āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ  āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āϰ  āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ• āĻĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāϤāĻŋ  āĻœā§‹ā§œ  āĻŦ⧇āρāϧ⧇ āĻŽāĻž āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϕ⧇  āĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡  āφāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāύ āϜāĻžāύāĻžāύ⧋ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ“ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ  āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āĻ¸ā§āύāĻžāύ⧇āϰ  āϜāϞ āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ•āϰ⧇   āĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϝāϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ  āϏāĻšāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇  āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋ āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡  āφāϏāĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻ āĻžāϕ⧁āϰ āĻĻāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ⧇  āĻŦ⧇āϞāϤāϞāĻžā§Ÿ  āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ  āĻŦā§‹āϧāύ  āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁  āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ  āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ  āϤāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āύ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ  āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ āĻĄāĻžāσ āĻļ⧈āρāϞ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϚāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ  āϰāϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ  āĻ—āĻžāύ  āĻŽāĻž ' āϕ⧇  āĻļā§‹āύāĻžāύ⧋  āĻšā§Ÿ  āϏāĻ•āϞ⧇  āĻāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĨ¤  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹ āĻŦ⧈āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻŦ āĻŽāϤ⧇  āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϤ⧇  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ  āϕ⧋āύāĻ“  āĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻž āύ⧇āχ  āĻāĻŦāĻ‚  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹ā§Ÿ āĻŽāĻž' āϕ⧇  āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āύāĻ­ā§‹āĻ— āύ⧟,   āĻĢāϞ āĻ­ā§‹āĻ— āĻ“ āϞ⧁āϚāĻŋ āϏ⧁āϜāĻŋ āĻ­ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻŋāĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹ āϖ⧁āĻŦāχ  āφāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ āĨ¤  āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻāĻļāĻŽā§€āϤ⧇  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ  āφāϰāĻ“  āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ ā§āϝ  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ  āφāĻļāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ  āύāĻžāϚ āĻ“ āĻ—āĻžāύ āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āϗ⧇  āφāĻŽāϰāĻž  āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ  āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϤ⧇  āύāĻ—āϰāϕ⧀āĻ°ā§āϤāύ⧇āϰ  āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡  āĻ›ā§œāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϰ āϘāĻžāĻŸā§‡  āĻŽāĻž'ā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻ—āĻžāύ āĻļ⧁āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡  āĻŦāĻŋāϏāĻ°ā§āϜāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡  āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇  āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžā§Ÿ  āϜāĻžāύāĻžāύ⧋  āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰ⧇  āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ  āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇  āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇  āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁  āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϜ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āϞ⧋āϞ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ  āĻšāĻžāϤ āϧāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ ,āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻŦāϞāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ…āĻˇā§āϟāĻŽā§€āϤ⧇  āĻ­ā§‹āĻ—āĻĻāĻžāύ ,  āĻŦāϏ⧇ āφāϕ⧋āρ  āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻž ,  āĻ“  āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ  āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύ  āϜāĻžāύāĻžāύ⧋ , āĻ›āĻžāϤāĻž  āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ  āϛ⧋āϟ āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧇āϰ  āĻĒā§āϰāĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžā§Ÿ āύāĻžāύāĻžāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ  āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻ•āĻžāĻŸā§‡āĨ¤
                  
āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧇  āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇  āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ  āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•  āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝāϕ⧇āχ  āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇  āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹āϰ  āĻ•ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ•āϟāĻŋ  āĻĻāĻŋāύ  āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āωāĻĒāĻ­ā§‹āϗ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ“ āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āϟāĻžāύ⧇  āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϜ  āĻĢ⧇āϞ⧇ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻšāχ  āϏ⧋āĻŽā§œāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ⧇ āĨ¤  āĻāχ  āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇āχ  āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇  āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ  āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻœā§‹  ā§Žā§§ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇  āĻĒāĻž āϰāĻžāĻ–āϛ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ #āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ_āĻ­āĻŋāϞāĻž_āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹ā§ŽāϏāĻŦ  āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ  āφāĻļāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ  āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ  āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡  āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļ āĻĒāϰāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰāĻžā§Ÿ  āĻāχ  āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇āχ  āĻāĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ  āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĨ¤āĨ¤āĨ¤āĨ¤ 
















āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĨ¤
āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āϏ⧌āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ⧇ - Subhrojyoti Sarkar, Subhajit Guha Biswas, Anushree Rudra, Moumita Basu, Sreetama Sarkar, Sanglap Sarkar
āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžā§Ÿ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇- āĻ•ā§ŒāĻŖāĻŋāĻ• āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ