Question: How to: Audio and Video Tools

Answer:
* [Adapter](https://macroplant.com/adapter) -  Free audio, video and image conversion software. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Aegisub](https://github.com/Aegisub/Aegisub) - Free, cross-platform open source tool for creating and modifying subtitles. Aegisub makes it quick and easy to time subtitles to audio, and features many powerful tools for styling them, including a built-in real-time video preview. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/Aegisub/Aegisub/) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Audio Profile Manager](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/audio-profile-manager/id1484150558?ls=1&mt=12) - Allows you to pin input/output devices for each particular combination of connected devices. May suppress HDMI displays from being chosen. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/audio-profile-manager/id1484150558?ls=1&mt=12)
* [Ardour](https://ardour.org/) - Cross-platform audio software for multi-track recording and editing. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/Ardour/ardour)
* [Audacity](http://www.audacityteam.org/) - Free, open-source, cross-platform audio software for multi-track recording and editing. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/audacity/audacity)
* [Audio Hijack](http://www.rogueamoeba.com/audiohijack/) - Record any application's audio, including VoIP calls from Skype, web streams from Safari, and much more.
* [BeMyEars](https://www.bemyears.cn/) - Free for hearing impaired, System wide on-device live caption, multi language support, just like you have YouTube subtitles everywhere.
* [BlackHole](https://github.com/ExistentialAudio/BlackHole) - Freemium, open-source virtual output/input audio driver for recording/routing internal audio. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/ExistentialAudio/BlackHole) [![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/ExistentialAudio/BlackHole)
* [Camera Preview](https://sindresorhus.com/camera-preview) - Preview your webcam, take photos, and use it as a mirror. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1632827132)
* [Carol](https://github.com/AnaghSharma/Carol) - A minimal and beautiful lyrics app for macOS. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/AnaghSharma/Carol) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Cog](http://cogx.org/) - Free, open-source audio player. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/losnoco/cog) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/cog-kode54/id1630499622)
* [DaVinci Resolve](https://www.blackmagicdesign.com/products/davinciresolve/)  - Free, cross-platform video editing, color grading, video effects and audio editing software.
* [Elmedia Player](https://mac.eltima.com/media-player.html) - This media player is a super versatile app for any file format you probably may think of: FLV, MP4, AVI, MOV, DAT, MKV, MP3, FLAC, M4V are all supported as well as many others.
* [FreeTube](https://freetubeapp.io/) - Open source desktop YouTube client built with privacy in mind. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/FreeTubeApp/FreeTube) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Gifski](https://github.com/sindresorhus/gifski-app) - Convert videos to high-quality GIFs. ![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/no/app/gifski/id1351639930?mt=12)
* [HandBrake](https://handbrake.fr/) - Tool for converting video from nearly any format to a selection of modern, widely supported codecs. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/HandBrake/HandBrake)
* [Hydrogen](http://hydrogen-music.org/) - Professional yet simple and intuitive pattern-based drum programming for GNU/Linux. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/hydrogen-music/hydrogen)
* [ffWorks](https://www.ffworks.net/) - Comprehensive Media Tool for macOS. Making High Quality Video Encoding Accessible for Everyone.
* [IINA](https://iina.io/) - The modern video player for macOS. Based on mpv, the powerful media player project. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/iina/iina) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Jellyfin](https://github.com/jellyfin/jellyfin) - The Free Software Media System. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://jellyfin.org) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Kodi](https://kodi.tv/) - Award-winning free and open-source (GPL) software media center for playing videos, music, pictures, games, and more. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/xbmc/xbmc) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [LMMS](https://lmms.io) - Formerly "Linux MultiMedia Studio", LMMS is a powerful Digital Audio Workstation designed like FL Studio (formerly Fruity Loops). [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/lmms/lmms) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [LosslessCut](https://github.com/mifi/lossless-cut) - Cross platform tool for quick and lossless video and audio trimming using


Question: How to: Audio Record and Process

Answer:
* [CapSoftware](https://github.com/CapSoftware/) - An open-source alternative to Loom. Beautiful, shareable screen recording tool. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/CapSoftware/) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [GarageBand](https://www.apple.com/mac/garageband/) - A free Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) from Apple，providing a simple interface and professional level audio production functions. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/cn/app/garageband/id682658836?l=zh&ls=1&mt=12)
* [Logic Pro X](https://www.apple.com/logic-pro/) - A professional Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) from Apple，providing complete audio production functions along with high quality native plugins and soundtracks. With native Apple Silicon support. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/cn/app/logic-pro-x/id634148309?l=zh&mt=12)
* [Stargate DAW](https://github.com/stargatedaw/stargate) - An all-in-one digital audio workstation (DAW) and plugin suite. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/aria2) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Quick Recorder](https://lihaoyun6.github.io/quickrecorder/) - A lightweight and high-performance screen recorder for macOS [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/lihaoyun6/QuickRecorder) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]


Question: How to: Cloud Storage

Answer:
*I recommend using online storage with Mac clients*

* [Arq](https://www.arqbackup.com/) - Cloud storage backup client that supports AWS, GCP, DropBox, and more.
* [Carbonite](https://www.carbonite.com/learn/how-to-backup-mac/) - Carbonite can protect your Mac from all of the most common forms of data loss.
* [Dropbox](https://www.dropbox.com/) - File hosting service that offers cloud storage and file synchronization with collaborative edit features. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Mega](https://mega.nz) - Free cloud service, offers 50GB free storage. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [NextCloud](https://nextcloud.com/) - Actively maintained fork of ownCloud, faster and completely open-source [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/nextcloud)
* [ownCloud](https://owncloud.org) - Cloud storage.
* [Seafile](https://www.seafile.com/) - Reliable and High Speed File Sync and Share.![Freeware][Freeware Icon]


Question: How to: Input Methods

Answer:
* [Kawa](https://github.com/utatti/kawa) - Better input source switcher for OS X. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/utatti/kawa) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Rocket](http://matthewpalmer.net/rocket/) - Makes typing emoji faster and easier using Slack-style shortcuts. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Touch Emoji](https://github.com/lessmess-dev/touch-emoji) - Emoji picker for MacBook Pro Touch Bar. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/lessmess-dev/touch-emoji)
* [Type2Phone](https://www.houdah.com/type2Phone/) - Use Your Mac as Keyboard for iPhone, iPad & Apple TV.
* [betterglobekey](https://github.com/Serpentiel/betterglobekey) - Make macOS Globe key great again! [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/Serpentiel/betterglobekey) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [InputSourcePro](https://inputsource.pro/) - A tool for multilingual users that automatically switches the input source across applications and websites. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/runjuu/InputSourcePro) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]


Question: How to: Voice-to-Text

Answer:
* [Aiko](https://sindresorhus.com/aiko) - High-quality on-device transcription. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1666327168)
* [buzz](https://github.com/chidiwilliams/buzz) - Transcribes and translates audio offline on your personal computer. Powered by OpenAI's Whisper. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/chidiwilliams/buzz)
* [Ottex](https://ottex.ai) - Dictate emails, Slack messages, notes and more. Detects your app or website and formats accordingly — gmail.com → email, Obsidian → markdown, etc.
* [Spokenly](https://spokenly.app/) - Voice-to-text with 100+ languages, offline mode, and AI-powered formatting.
* [VoiceInk](https://tryvoiceink.com/) - Real-time speech-to-text app. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/Beingpax/VoiceInk) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Whispering](https://epicenter.md/whispering/) - Multi-provider speech-to-text with AI transformations and keyboard shortcuts. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/EpicenterHQ/epicenter/tree/main/apps/whispering) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Willow Voice](https://willowvoice.com/) - AI dictation with automatic editing, style-matching, and noise optimization.


Question: How to: Translation Tools

Answer:
*(Or you could just use the Mac OS built-in dictionary)*

* [DeepL](https://www.deepl.com/en/app/) - Best quality translations ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Easydict](https://github.com/tisfeng/Easydict) - Easy to look up words or translate text [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/tisfeng/Easydict)
* [Grammarly](https://app.grammarly.com/) - Refine your english
* [iTranslate](http://www.itranslate.com/) - Translate entire website instantly with its built-in browser or with iTranslate Safari extension into over 40 languages. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Lingvanex](https://lingvanex.com) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Ludwig](https://ludwig.guru) - Linguistic search engine that helps you to write better in English.
* [Mate Translate](https://gikken.co/mate-translate/mac) - Translate in Safari and any app on macOS between 103 languages.
* [Nani](https://nani.now) - Fast AI translation with explanations.
* [OpenAI Translator](https://github.com/yetone/openai-translator) - Browser extension and cross-platform desktop application for translation based on ChatGPT API.[![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/yetone/openai-translator)
* [Translatium](https://translatium.app) - Translate words, phrases and images between over 100 languages with dictionary, transliteration and voice output support. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/webcatalog/translatium-desktop) [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/translatium/id1547052291)


Question: How to: Encryption

Answer:
* [Cryptomator](https://cryptomator.org/) -  Multi-platform transparent client-side encryption of your files in the cloud. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/cryptomator/cryptomator/)
* [Deadbolt](https://github.com/alichtman/deadbolt) - The easiest file encryption tool you'll ever use. macOS-compatible, and open-source so you can trust it. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/alichtman/deadbolt) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]


Question: How to: Security Tools

Answer:
* [Antivirus One](https://cleanerone.trendmicro.com/antivirus-one-for-mac/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=githubproject) - Trusted Mac Security Protection: Protect your Mac from viruses, malware and adware. Block potential web threats and protect your Mac against vulnerabilities.![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1068435535?pt=444218&ct=GitHub&mt=8)
* [BlockBlock](https://objective-see.com/products/blockblock.html) - Me: "Please alert me whenever anything is persistently installed." BlockBlock: "You got it" [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/objective-see/BlockBlock)
* [Dylib Hijack Scanner](https://objective-see.com/products/dhs.html) - Simple utility that will scan your computer for applications that are either susceptible to dylib hijacking or have been hijacked. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/objective-see/DylibHijackScanner)
* [KextViewer](https://objective-see.com/products/kextviewr.html) - View all modules on that are loaded in the OS kernel. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/objective-see/KextViewr)
* [KnockKnock](https://objective-see.com/products/knockknock.html) - See what's persistently installed on your Mac. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/objective-see/KnockKnock)
* [LinkLiar](http://halo.github.io/LinkLiar) -  Link-Layer MAC spoofing GUI for macOS. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/halo/LinkLiar) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [LockDown](https://objective-see.com/products/lockdown.html) - Open-source tool for El Capitan that audits and remediates security configuration settings. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://bitbucket.org/objective-see/lockdown) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [LuLu](https://objective-see.com/products/lulu.html) - LuLu is the free macOS firewall that aims to block unauthorized (outgoing) network traffic. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/objective-see/LuLu) [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](1) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [MalwareBytes](https://www.malwarebytes.com/mac-download/) - Malwarebytes crushes the growing threat of Mac malware, so you are protected and your machine keeps running silky smooth. Cybersecurity smart enough for the Mac. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Mana Security](https://www.manasecurity.com/) - vulnerability management app for individuals. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/manasecurity/mana-security-app)
* [Vulert](https://vulert.com) - Vulert secures software by detecting vulnerabilities in open-source dependencies—without accessing your code. It supports Js, PHP, Java, Python, and more
* [OverSight](https://objective-see.com/products/oversight.html) - Monitor mic and webcam, alerting you when the internal mic is activated, or whenever a process accesses the webcam. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/objective-see/OverSight)
* [ParetoSecurity](https://paretosecurity.com/) - A MenuBar app to automatically audit your Mac for basic security hygiene. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/ParetoSecurity/pareto-mac)
* [RansomWhere?](https://objective-see.com/products/ransomwhere.html) - Generic Ransomware Detection. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/objective-see/RansomWhere)
* [stronghold](https://github.com/alichtman/stronghold) - Easily configure MacOS security settings from the terminal. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/alichtman/stronghold) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Suspicious Package](https://www.mothersruin.com/software/SuspiciousPackage/) - An application for inspecting macOS installer packages. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [swiftGuard](https://github.com/Lennolium/swiftGuard) - Lightweight App that safeguards your System's USB Ports from any Unauthorized Access and performs various Counter-Measures. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/Lennolium/swiftGuard) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [TaskExplorer](https://objective-see.com/products/taskexplorer.html) - Explore all processes running on your Mac with TaskExplorer. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/objective-see/TaskExplorer)
* [What's Your Sign?](https://objective-see.com/products/whatsyoursign.html) - Adds menu item to Finder.app to display the cryptographic signing information for any file.[![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/objective-see/WhatsYourSign)


Question: How to: Proxy and VPN Tools

Answer:
* [Algo](https://github.com/trailofbits/algo) - Personal IPSEC VPN in the cloud. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/trailofbits/algo)
* [ClashX Guide](https://clashx.tech) - Comprehensive tutorials, tools, and troubleshooting guides for ClashX proxy on macOS. Features YAML validator, rule generator, and optimization tips. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Cloudflare WARP](https://1.1.1.1/) - Replaces the connection between your device and the Internet with a modern, optimized, protocol. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Hiddify](https://github.com/hiddify/hiddify-app) - Multi-platform auto-proxy client, supporting Sing-box, X-ray, TUIC, Hysteria, Reality, Trojan, SSH etc.[![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/hiddify/hiddify-app) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Jumper VPN](https://jumpervpn.com/) - VPN Client for Mac and other platforms, secure, fast VPN proxy.
* [Lantern](https://getlantern.org) - Free application that delivers fast, reliable and secure access to the open internet. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/getlantern/lantern)
* [Mullvad VPN](https://mullvad.net) - Privacy focused VPN that requires no personal information for use, keeps no logs, and allows payments with Bitcoin Cash, Monero and more. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app)
* [Outline](https://getoutline.org/) - Outline makes it easy to create a VPN server, giving anyone access to the free and open internet. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/Jigsaw-Code) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [RerouteMe](https://nadenco.gumroad.com/l/rerouteme) - An easy one-click macOS Proxy Configuration app. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [ShadowsocksX-NG](https://github.com/qiuyuzhou/ShadowsocksX-NG) - Next generation of ShadowsocksX. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/qiuyuzhou/ShadowsocksX-NG)
* [ShadowsocksX](http://shadowsocks.org/) - Secure socks5 proxy, designed to protect your internet traffic. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks)
* [Shimo](https://www.shimovpn.com/) - VPN Client for Mac.
* [SpechtLite](https://github.com/zhuhaow/SpechtLite) - Rule-based proxy app for macOS.  [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/shadowsocks) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Surge](https://nssurge.com/) - Web developer tool and proxy utility for iOS 9.
* [tinc](https://www.tinc-vpn.org) - Secure mesh VPN software. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://www.tinc-vpn.org/git/browse?p=tinc) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Tunnelbear](https://www.tunnelbear.com) - Really simple VPN to browse the web privately & securely. Unblock websites around the world with applications for Mac, PC, iOS, Android & Chrome.
* [Tunnelblick](https://tunnelblick.net/downloads.html) - Free, open-source graphic user interface for OpenVPN on OS X. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Windscribe](https://windscribe.com) - Gives 10GB free bandwidth monthly on the spot and gives limited server location options (for users on free plan). Connection also takes very less time.
* [Tailscale](https://tailscale.com/) - Tailscale makes creating software-defined networks easy: securely connecting users, services, and devices.


Question: How to: Clipboard Tools

Answer:
* [CleanClip](https://cleanclip.cc) - The cleanest Clipboard Manager on macOS, ever! ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Clipboard](https://getclipboard.app/) - Easy-to-use terminal clipboard manager for all platforms. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/Slackadays/Clipboard) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [ClipMenu](http://www.clipmenu.com) - Clipboard manager for Mac OS X. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/naotaka/ClipMenu) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [ClipTools](https://macmost.com/cliptools) - ClipTools is a status menu application that gives you access to a variety of simple clipboard utilities. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/cliptools/id1619348240?mt=12)
* [Clipy](https://clipy-app.com/) - Clipy is a Clipboard extension app for macOS. Based on ClipMenu. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/Clipy/Clipy) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [CopyQ](https://hluk.github.io/CopyQ) - Clipboard Manager with Advanced Features. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/hluk/CopyQ) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [iCopy](https://apps.apple.com/cn/app/icopy-%E5%89%AA%E5%88%87%E6%9D%BF-%E5%BF%AB%E6%8D%B7%E5%9B%9E%E5%A4%8D%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/id1638023723?mt=12) - Clipboard management, quick reply, efficiency multiplier artifact ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/cn/app/icopy-%E5%89%AA%E5%88%87%E6%9D%BF-%E5%BF%AB%E6%8D%B7%E5%9B%9E%E5%A4%8D%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/id1638023723?mt=12)
* [iPaste](https://en.toolinbox.net/iPaste) - Lightweight and efficient clipboard tool. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/app/id1056935452?ls=1&mt=12&at=1000lv4R&ct=iPaste_me)
* [Paste Quick](https://wangchujiang.com/paste-quick/) - A simple, privacy-first clipboard manager. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/paste-quick/6723903021)
* [Paste](http://pasteapp.me) - Smart clipboard history & snippets manager. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/paste-clipboard-history-manager/id967805235)
* [PasteBar](https://github.com/PasteBar/PasteBarApp) - Limitless, Free Clipboard Manager for Mac and Windows. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/PasteBar/PasteBarApp) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [PasteBot](https://tapbots.com/pastebot/) - Powerful clipboard manager. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pastebot/id1179623856)
* [Pure Paste](https://sindresorhus.com/pure-paste) - Paste as plain text by default. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1611378436)
* [Flycut](https://github.com/TermiT/Flycut) - Clean and simple clipboard manager for developers. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/TermiT/Flycut) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Maccy](https://maccy.app/) - Lightweight clipboard manager for macOS. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/p0deje/Maccy) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [OneClip](https://github.com/Wcowin/OneClip) - A simple and professional macOS clipboard manager. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/Wcowin/OneClip) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [uPaste](https://okaapps.com/product/1503649026) - Smart clipboard history & snippets manager, record and organize your copy/paste history automatically. Then you can use your pasteboard content anytime, any where with elegant beautiful UI. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](macappstore://itunes.apple.com/app/id1503649026?pt=119209922&l=en&mt=12&ct=github)
* [Yippy](https://github.com/mattDavo/Yippy) - Clipboard manager with user-friendly UI. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/mattDavo/Yippy) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [ClipFlow](https://github.com/praneeth552/clipflow) - Free clipboard history manager with terminal-style navigation. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/praneeth552/clipflow) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]


Question: How to: File Organization Tools

Answer:
* [BetterZip](https://macitbetter.com/) - Archive tool supports ZIP, TAR, TGZ, TBZ, TXZ (new), 7-ZIP, RAR.
* [eZip](http://ezip.awehunt.com) - An easy to use, feature-rich archiver for macOS. Supports popular formats such as RAR, ZIP, 7Z, BZ2, GZ etc. Works great with Mojave dark-mode and QuickLook. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Fileside](https://www.fileside.app) - A modern, tiling file manager with unlimited panes.
* [Folders File Manager](https://foldersapp.dev) - A file manager with an expandable folder tree, similar to that of Windows Explorer.
* [Hazel](https://www.noodlesoft.com) - Automated file organization for your Mac. Responsibly and beautifully designed.
* [Keka](https://www.keka.io) - File archiver for macOS. Compression: 7Z, ZIP, TAR, GZIP, BZIP2, XZ LZIP, DMG, ISO. Extraction: 7Z, ZIP, RAR, TAR, GZIP, BZIP2, XZ, LZIP, DMG, ISO, LZMA, EXE, CAB, WIM, PAX, JAR, APK, APPX, CPGZ, CPIO. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/app/keka/id470158793)
* [muCommander](http://www.mucommander.com) - Lightweight file manager with a dual-pane interface. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/mucommander/mucommander) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Modal File Manager](https://github.com/raguay/ModalFileManager/) - A lightweight, minimal dual-pane file manager with Vim style hotkeys. It can be customized with themes and extensions that are downloaded from GitHub using a built in interface. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://GitHub.com/raguay/ModalFileManager) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Oka Unarchiver](https://okaapps.com/product/1441507725) - Support RAR format, batch decompression of archives, password-protected archives, click one button to extract & archive.. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](macappstore://itunes.apple.com/app/id1441507725?pt=119209922&l=en&mt=12&ct=github)
* [PDF Archiver](https://github.com/JulianKahnert/PDF-Archiver) - Nice tool for tagging and archiving tasks. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/JulianKahnert/PDF-Archiver) [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/app/pdf-archivar/id1352719750)
* [Rapidmg](https://rapidmg.branchseer.com/) 1-Click extracting apps from DMG images to the "Applications" folder. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/rapidmg/id6451349778)
* [The Unarchiver](https://theunarchiver.com/) - Unarchive many different kinds of archive files. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/the-unarchiver/id425424353)
* [Unarchive One](https://cleanerone.trendmicro.com/unarchiver-one/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=githubproject) - Quickly decompress multiple different types of compressed files/compressed files to various scene compression formats. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1127253508?pt=444218&ct=GitHub&mt=8)
* [Marta](https://marta.sh) - File Manager for macOS written entirely in Swift ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]


Question: How to: General Tools

Answer:
* [AirServer](http://www.airserver.com/Download) - Most advanced screen mirroring software receiver for Mac, PC and Xbox One.
* [CleanMyMac](https://macpaw.com/cleanmymac) - Delete megatons of junk, malware, and make your Mac faster & more organized [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/cleanmymac/id1339170533?mt=12)
* [DNS Optimizer](https://www.appecosys.com/apps/dns-optimizer/) - A DNS changer and performance‑benchmarking tool for Apple devices (macOS & iOS). ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/dns-optimizer/id6741016224?platform=mac)
* [DevKnife](https://devknife.app) - A native Mac app for dozens of daily dev tasks, from network scans to JSON formatting.
* [DevToysMac](https://github.com/ObuchiYuki/DevToysMac) - Offline toolbox that helps developers in daily tasks. ![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [DevUtils.app](https://devutils.com/) - All-in-one Toolbox for Developers. Format/Validate JSON, encode/decode Base64, convert timestamps, debug JWT… with just one click! Native macOS app and works offline. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/DevUtilsApp/DevUtils-app) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/devutils-app/id1533756032)
* [Deskmark](https://apps.apple.com/app/Deskmark/6755948110) - Add watermarks to the desktop, ideal for recording videos. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/Deskmark/6755948110)
* [Etcher](https://www.balena.io/etcher/) - Flash OS images to SD cards & USB drives, safely and easily. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/balena-io/etcher) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Equinox](https://github.com/rlxone/Equinox) - Create dynamic wallpapers for macOS. ![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/equinox-create-wallpaper/id1591510203)
* [HTTrack](http://www.httrack.com) - Useful tool for downloading a whole website and offline browsing. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Latest](https://github.com/mangerlahn/Latest) - A tiny app that checks if all your apps from any source are up to date. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/mangerlahn/Latest)
* [Lungo](https://sindresorhus.com/lungo) - Prevent your Mac from going to sleep. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/lungo/id1263070803)
* [LaunchNext](https://github.com/RoversX/LaunchNext) - Classic Launchpad experience, relive old macOS. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/RoversX/LaunchNext) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [lo-rain](https://lo.cafe/lo-rain) - Create a customizable rain over your desktop and apps, with splash over the dock.
* [Mac Cache Cleaner](https://github.com/kaunteya/MacCacheCleaner) - Cache cleaner for Mac [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/kaunteya/MacCacheCleaner) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Memo](http://memo-app.net/) - Simple and elegant app. Unlock memos even more quickly using Touch ID. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/app/id1212409035)
* [Numi](http://numi.io/) - Beautiful calculator app for Mac. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [NextDNS](https://nextdns.io/) - The new firewall for the modern Internet. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/nextdns/id1464122853)
* [Plash](https://sindresorhus.com/plash) - Make any website your desktop wallpaper. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/sindresorhus/Plash) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/plash/id1494023538)
* [rem](https://github.com/jasonjmcghee/rem) - An open source approach to locally record and enable searching everything you view on your Mac. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/jasonjmcghee/rem) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Rewind](https://www.rewind.ai/) - Rewind is an application designed for macOS that records and indexes all user activities on the Mac, including screen content and audio. Users can rewind and search past activities, essentially adding a "rewind button" to the Mac.
* [SlowQuitApps](https://github.com/dteoh/SlowQuitApps) - An OS X app that adds a global delay of 1 second to the Cmd-Q shortcut. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/dteoh/SlowQuitApps)
* [Speediness](https://sindresorhus.com/speediness) - Check your internet speed. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1596706466)
* [Ultra TabSaver](https://github.com/Swift-open-source/UltraTabSaver) - The Open Source Tab Manager for Safari [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/Swift-open-source/UltraTabSaver)
* [Upscayl](https://github.com/upscayl/upscayl) - Free and open-source AI image up


Question: How to: To-Do Lists

Answer:
* [2Do](http://www.2doapp.com/) - Nice todo app.
* [Day-O 2](http://www.shauninman.com/archive/2016/10/20/day_o_2_mac_menu_bar_clock) - Menu bar clock replacement with built-in calendar. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Fantastical](https://flexibits.com/fantastical) - The calendar app you won't be able to live without.
* [Focus](https://meaningful-things.com/focus) - Beautiful pomodoro-based time manager. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/focus-productivity-timer/id777233759?mt=12)
* [Focused Work: Focus Timer](https://focusedwork.app) - A simple, flexible Focus Timer. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/focused-work-focus-timer/id1523968394?uo=4)
* [Lunatask](https://lunatask.app) - An all-in-one encrypted to-do list, habit and mood tracker, journaling and notes app. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/lunatask-a-better-to-do-list/id1583719331?mt=12)
* [Microsoft To-Do](https://todo.microsoft.com/) - Microsoft's successor to Wunderlist. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/de/app/microsoft-to-do/id1274495053?mt=12)
* [Nozbe](https://nozbe.com) - Powerful GTD app for individuals and teams, with support for every Apple device (Mac, iPhone, iPad, Watch). [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/pl/app/nozbe-tasks-projects-team/id508957583?mt=12)
* [OmniFocus](https://www.omnigroup.com/omnifocus/) - Nice GTD app, made by OmniGroups.
* [One Task](https://sindresorhus.com/one-task) - Conquer one task at a time. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/id6465745322)
* [Super Productivity](https://super-productivity.com) - Cross-platform todo list app with integrated Timeboxing and time tracking capabilities. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/johannesjo/super-productivity) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/cn/app/super-productivity/id1482572463?mt=12)
* [Taskade](https://www.taskade.com) - Real-time collaborative editor for teams.
* [TaskPaper](https://www.taskpaper.com/) - Plain text to-do lists.
* [Things](https://culturedcode.com/things/) - Delightful and easy to use task manager. (**Award-winning App**)
* [Todoist](https://todoist.com/mac) - Cross-platform todo list app. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/todoist-to-do-list-tasks/id585829637?mt=12)
* [Tomato 2](https://tomato2.app) - Beautiful and simple Pomodoro timer. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/tomato-2-pomodoro-timer/id1494210770?mt=12)
* [TickTick](https://ticktick.com/) - Simple and effective to-do list and task manager that helps you organize all aspects of life. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/app/id966085870)


Question: How to: Productivity

Answer:
* [1440 Minutes Left Today](https://1440app.com/) - Keep a track of how many minutes you have left until the day is over, right in your menu bar. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/1440/id1483764819)
* [ActivityWatch](https://activitywatch.net/) - Cross-platform, extensible, and privacy-focused time-tracker. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/ActivityWatch/activitywatch) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Alfred](https://www.alfredapp.com/) - Award-winning app which boosts efficiency with hotkeys, keywords, text expansion and more. Search your Mac and the web, and be more productive with custom actions to control your Mac. [![Awesome List][awesome-list Icon]](https://github.com/learn-anything/alfred-workflows#readme)
* [Atomic](https://indiegoodies.com/atomic) - A habit tracker app to build good habits, break bad ones, and stay on top of your daily routines.
* [Better Launchpad](https://github.com/rewhex/better-launchpad) - A smarter, free, and highly customizable application launcher for macOS with fast search.
* [BetterMouse](https://better-mouse.com) - Smooth scroll, cursor acceleration prohibition, and powerful button/gesture remapping in one utility for 3rd-party mice. Aims for replacing those bulky and intrusive official drivers.
* [BetterTouchTool](https://folivora.ai/) - Great, feature-packed app that allows you to configure many gestures for your Magic Mouse, Macbook Trackpad, Magic Trackpad and also Mouse Gestures for normal mice.
* [Cerebro](https://cerebroapp.com/) - Open-source productivity booster with a brain. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/cerebroapp/cerebro) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Choosy](https://www.choosyosx.com) - UI, URL API and a browser extension set for managing rules where and how to open links.
* [CursorSense](https://www.plentycom.jp/en/cursorsense/index.html) - Mouse & trackpad driver that lets you tweak the acceleration curve and more.
* [Day Progress](https://sindresorhus.com/day-progress) - Time remaining today in your menu bar. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/id6450280202)
* [Dropzone](https://aptonic.com) - Create a popup grid of customizable actions. Scriptable in Ruby & Python.
* [escrcpy](https://github.com/viarotel-org/escrcpy) -📱 Graphical Scrcpy to display and control Android devices, powered by Electron.[![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/viarotel-org/escrcpy) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Focalboard](https://www.focalboard.com/) - Open source, self-hosted alternative to Trello, Notion, and Asana. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/mattermost/focalboard) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Focus Firewall](https://focusfirewall.com) - A minimalist focus app to block social media and other distractions during work. [![App Store][app-store Icon]]([https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id6476942786?pt=124015613&ct=awesome-mac&mt=8](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id6476942786?pt=124015613&ct=awesome-mac&mt=8))
* [Freeter](https://freeter.io/) - Open-source app that allows you to gather everything you need for work in one place, organized by projects and workflows, and have a quick access to them. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/FreeterApp/Freeter) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Hammerspoon](http://www.hammerspoon.org/) - Tool for powerful OSX automation with the Lua scripting engine. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/Hammerspoon/hammerspoon) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [HapticKey](https://github.com/niw/HapticKey/releases) - A simple utility application for MacBook with Touch Bar that triggers a haptic feedback when tapping Touch Bar. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/niw/HapticKey) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [HazeOver](https://hazeover.com) - App that dims your background app windows so you can focus more on your main task! [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/ph/app/hazeover-distraction-dimmer/id430798174?mt=12)
* [Hook for Mac](https://hookproductivity.com/) - Hook files together fast and easily, enabling you to find anything related with a simple keyboard shortcut.
* [Hungrymark](https://zhengying.github.io/hungrymark) - Useful app to bookmark your files, folders, and webs, quick access your bookmarks through menu bar  [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/hungrymark/id1482778901?l=en&mt=12)
* [Hyperkey](https://hyperkey.app/) - Lets you convert the caps lock key or any modifier key to the hyper key, all four modifiers combined: ⌃⌥⌘⇧. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [iCMD](https://icmd.app) - Fuzzy menubar search and vim/easymotion emulation which works globally for every native MacOS app.
* [Journey Navigation](https://gowithjourney.com) - A powerful route planning app with weather along your route, traffic alerts, turn by turn directions, and more. [![App Store][app-store Ic


Question: How to: Window Management

Answer:
* [AeroSpace](https://github.com/nikitabobko/AeroSpace) - i3-like tiling window manager for macOS. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/nikitabobko/AeroSpace) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [AltTab](https://alt-tab-macos.netlify.app) - Open source window switcher with window previews. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/lwouis/alt-tab-macos)
* [Amethyst](http://ianyh.com/amethyst/) - Tiling window manager. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/ianyh/Amethyst)
* [Assignee](https://assignee.app) - Simple, instant app switcher. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1491598904?pt=120234215&ct=awesome-mac&mt=8)
* [contexts](https://contexts.co/) - Provides more power than the native Mac Dock. Especially when you have multiple screens, it can help you switch more quickly.
* [DockDoor](https://dockdoor.net) - Free and open source window peeking & alt-tab for macOS. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/ejbills/DockDoor)
* [Dockit](https://dockit-docs.pages.dev) - An application that can dock any window to the edge of the screen. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/XiCheng148/Dockit)
* [Dissolv](https://www.7sols.com/dissolv/) - Hide and close inactive apps. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/dissolv/id1640893012)
* [Divvy](http://mizage.com/divvy/) - Window management at its finest with its amazing Divvy Grid system.
* [Hummingbird](https://finestructure.co/hummingbird) - Easily move and resize windows without mouse clicks, from anywhere within a window.  [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/finestructure/Hummingbird)
* [IntelliDock](https://mightymac.app/intellidock/) - Hides the Dock, Automatically.
* [JankyBorders](https://github.com/FelixKratz/JankyBorders) - A lightweight window border system for macOS. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/FelixKratz/JankyBorders) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Loop](https://github.com/MrKai77/Loop) - Window management made elegant. [Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/MrKai77/Loop)
* [MacsyZones](https://macsyzones.com/) - Organize your windows with ease and boost your productivity. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/rohanrhu/MacsyZones) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Lasso](https://thelasso.app) - Intuitive and easy to use grid-based window manager.
* [Magnet](http://magnet.crowdcafe.com/) - Window manager that keeps your workspace organized. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id441258766)
* [MakeItHome](https://github.com/Geckos-Ink/MakeItHome) - Extends your macOS' UI allowing you to access with the pointer in the "over screen", an extension of the interface for accessing quick actions, mainly fast switch of the most used running applications. ![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/it/app/makeithome-screen-extender/id6444596296?l=en-GB&mt=12)
* [Moom](http://manytricks.com/moom/) - Allows you to easily move and zoom windows, or to another display—using either the mouse or the keyboard.
* [Omni](https://github.com/BarutSRB/OmniWM) - Notorized Niri and Hyprland inspired tiling window manager with animations. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/BarutSRB/OmniWM) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [rcmd](https://lowtechguys.com/rcmd/) - Use the
⌘ Right Command
key to switch applications based on their name. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/rcmd-app-switcher/id1596283165)
* [Rectangle-app](https://github.com/rxhanson/Rectangle) - Rectangle is a window management app based on Spectacle, written in Swift. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/rxhanson/Rectangle)
* [ShiftIt](https://github.com/fikovnik/ShiftIt) - Managing window size and position in OSX. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/fikovnik/ShiftIt) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Sidebar](http://sidebarapp.net/) - The modern Dock replacement for your Mac.
* [SizeUp](http://www.irradiatedsoftware.com/sizeup/) - Powerful, keyboard-centric window management.
* [Slate](https://github.com/jigish/slate) - Window management application similar to Divvy and SizeUp (except better and free!). (**Needs config file**) [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/jigish/slate)
* [Swift Shift](https://swiftshift.app) - Use your mouse with a keyboard shortcut to move and resize your windows quickly. It offers options to customize the draggable areas and mouse behavior. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/pablopunk/swiftshift)
* [Tiles](https://freemacsoft.net/tiles/) - Easily reorganize windows by


Question: How to: Password Management

Answer:
* [1Password](https://1password.com/) - Cross-platform password management tool.
* [Bitwarden](https://bitwarden.com) - Open source password management tool for Mac OS, iOS and browsers. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/bitwarden) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Buttercup](https://buttercup.pw/) - The Password Manager You Deserve ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Dashlane](https://www.dashlane.com) - Cloud-based password manager with award-winning design.
* [Enpass](https://www.enpass.io/) - Cross-platform password management tool with cloud integration. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/enpass-password-manager/id455566716)
* [Keyzer](https://apps.apple.com/app/Keyzer/6500434773) - Simple password manager that supports saving portable password files.
* [Keeweb](https://keeweb.info/) - Free, cross-platform password manager compatible with KeePass. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/keeweb/keeweb) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [KeepassXC](https://keepassxc.org/) - Free, open source, cross-platform password manager. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/keepassxreboot/keepassxc) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [MacPass](https://macpass.github.io/) - Open-source KeePass Mac OS client. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/mstarke/MacPass)
* [SafeInCloud](https://safe-in-cloud.com/en/) - Cross Platform password management, low cost app! [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/app/safeincloud-password-manager/id883070818)
* [Strongbox](https://strongboxsafe.com/) - Secure Password Management for iOS and MacOS. Open Source. Compatible with KeePass and Password Safe. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/strongbox-password-safe/Strongbox) [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/strongbox/id1270075435?mt=12)
* [Swifty](https://getswifty.pro/) - Free Offline-first Password Manager for MacOS, Windows and Linux. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/swiftyapp/swifty) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]


Question: How to: Finder Tools

Answer:
* [Command X](https://sindresorhus.com/command-x) - Cut and paste files in Finder. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1666327168)
* [Default Folder X](https://www.stclairsoft.com/DefaultFolderX/index.html) - Quick access to your files and folders in every app.
* [FileMinutes](https://www.fileminutes.com/) - Find files and take actions, all in one.
* [FinderFix](https://synappser.github.io/apps/finderfix/) - Finally, a lasting solution for Finder windows size and position. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon].
* [FlowVision](https://github.com/netdcy/FlowVision) - RWaterfall-style Image Viewer for macOS. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/netdcy/FlowVision)
* [fman](https://fman.io) - The first dual-pane file manager to integrate features from Sublime Text.
* [ForkLift](http://binarynights.com/forklift/) - The most advanced dual pane file manager and file transfer client for macOS.
* [Path Finder](http://www.cocoatech.com/pathfinder/) - File management app.
* [QSpace](https://qspace.awehunt.com) - A clean and efficient Multi-view File Manager. [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/id1469774098)
* [RClick](https://github.com/wflixu/RClick) - Add new functionality to the macOS Finder context menu.  [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/wflixu/RClick) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [TotalFinder](http://totalfinder.binaryage.com/) - Chrome-styled Finder substitute.
* [XtraFinder](https://www.trankynam.com/xtrafinder/) - Adds tabs and cut to Mac Finder. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]


Question: How to: Quality of Life Improvements

Answer:
* [Actions](https://github.com/sindresorhus/Actions) - Provides many useful actions for the Shortcuts app. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/sindresorhus/Actions) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1586435171)
* [AI Actions](https://sindresorhus.com/ai-actions) - AI actions for the Shortcuts app. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [DisplayBuddy](https://displaybuddy.app) - Control the brightness, contrast, input source and more of your external display directly from your Mac.
* [f.lux](https://justgetflux.com/) - Makes the color of your computer's display adapt to the time of day. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Grayscale Mode](https://github.com/rkbhochalya/grayscale-mode) - An open source macOS app that lets you quickly toggle grayscale filter right from your menu bar or using a keyboard shortcut (⌥⌘G). [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/rkbhochalya/grayscale-mode) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Hyperduck](https://sindresorhus.com/hyperduck) - Receive links from your iOS & visionOS devices. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1666327168)
* [KeyCastr](https://github.com/keycastr/keycastr) - Open-source keystroke visualizer.  [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/keycastr/keycastr) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Luminescent](https://naden.co) - Bring back Keyboard Backlight Shortcuts for the MacBook.
* [Lunar](https://lunar.fyi/) -  Help you adujst brightness, contrast and volumn of your external display. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/alin23/Lunar) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Shifty](http://shifty.natethompson.io) - A macOS menu bar app that gives you more control over Night Shift. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/thompsonate/Shifty)
* [Snap](http://indragie.com/snap) - Launch an app in a snap. Ridiculously easy shortcut management. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/app/id418073146)
* [Shareful](https://sindresorhus.com/shareful) - Supercharge the system share menu with copy, save, and open actions. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1522267256)
* [Mouse Jiggler for Mac](https://mousejigglermac.com) - Prevent Mac from sleep with Mac Mouse Mover. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/id6740313656)


Question: How to: System Related Tools

Answer:
* [AlDente](https://apphousekitchen.com/) - Battery charge limiter for MacBooks. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/davidwernhart/AlDente)
* [Amphetamine](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/amphetamine/id937984704) - Keep your Mac awake. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/amphetamine/id937984704)
* [AdBlock One](https://cleanerone.trendmicro.com/ad-block-one-for-mac/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=githubproject) - Free ad blocker for Safari.![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1491889901?pt=444218&ct=GitHub&mt=8)
* [AppCleaner](http://freemacsoft.net/appcleaner/) - Thoroughly uninstall apps. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Apple Silicon App Test](https://doesitarm.com/apple-silicon-app-test/) - Check Apple Silicon app compatibility. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/ThatGuySam/doesitarm) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [AirBattery](https://lihaoyun6.github.io/airbattery/) - View all device batteries in the Dock, menu bar, or widgets. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/lihaoyun6/AirBattery) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Background Music](https://github.com/kyleneideck/BackgroundMusic) - Control app volumes and record system audio. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/kyleneideck/BackgroundMusic)
* [Cleaner One](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1133028347?pt=444218&ct=GitHub&mt=8) - Disk cleaning and Mac optimization. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1133028347?pt=444218&ct=GitHub&mt=8)
* [Cleaner for Xcode](https://github.com/waylybaye/XcodeCleaner-SwiftUI) - Remove unwanted Xcode files. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/waylybaye/XcodeCleaner-SwiftUI) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [coconutBattery](https://www.coconut-flavour.com/coconutbattery/) - Mac battery information and statistics.
* [DaisyDisk](https://daisydiskapp.com/) - Disk usage analyzer and cleaner.
* [Dayflow](https://github.com/JerryZLiu/Dayflow) - Screen activity timeline with AI support. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/JerryZLiu/Dayflow) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [DockAnchor](https://github.com/bwya77/DockAnchor) - Lock the macOS Dock to a single screen in a multi-monitor setup. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/bwya77/DockAnchor) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [everythingByMdfind](https://github.com/appledragon/everythingByMdfind) - Fast file search using Spotlight. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/appledragon/everythingByMdfind) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [gfxCardStatus](https://gfx.io/) - Monitor graphics card usage and battery impact. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [GrandPerspective](https://grandperspectiv.sourceforge.net) - Visualize disk usage with tree maps. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://git.code.sf.net/p/grandperspectiv/source) [![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://sourceforge.net/projects/grandperspectiv/files/grandperspective/) [![App Store][app-store Icon]](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/grandperspective/id1111570163)
* [Gray](https://github.com/zenangst/Gray) - Per-app light/dark mode switcher. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/zenangst/Gray)
* [HandShaker](http://www.smartisan.com/apps/handshaker) - Manage Android phone content on Mac. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [iStat Menus](https://bjango.com/mac/istatmenus/) - Advanced system monitor for menubar.
* [iStats](https://github.com/Chris911/iStats) - Command-line system information tool. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/Chris911/iStats)
* [Juice](https://github.com/brianmichel/Juice) - Enhanced battery information display. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/brianmichel/Juice) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [KeepingYouAwake](https://github.com/newmarcel/KeepingYouAwake) - Caffeine alternative with dark mode support. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/newmarcel/KeepingYouAwake)
* [MagicQuit](https://magicquit.com/) - Automatically closes unused apps on macOS to free memory, declutter the desktop, and improve battery life. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/BigBerny/magicquit) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [MiddleDrag](https://github.com/NullPointerDepressiveDisorder/MiddleDrag) - Three-finger trackpad gestures for middle-click and middle-drag on macOS. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/NullPointerDepressiveDisorder/MiddleDrag) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Monity](http://www.monityapp.com/) - System monitoring widget for OS X.
* [Mounty](http://enjoygineering.com/mounty/) - Tiny tool to re-mount write-protected NTFS volumes under Mac OS X 10.9+ in read-write mode. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [NitroShare](https://nitroshare.net/) - C


Question: How to: Gaming Software

Answer:
* [OpenEmu](http://openemu.org/) - A great video game console emulator, supports many different emulators in a single application. (e.g. Sony PSP, GameBoy, NDS and so on) [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/OpenEmu/OpenEmu)
* [PlayCover](https://github.com/PlayCover/PlayCover) - Run iOS apps and games on Apple Silicon Macs with mouse, keyboard and controller support. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/PlayCover/PlayCover)
* [Porting Kit](http://portingkit.com/) - Install Windows® Games inside your Mac. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [PPSSPP](https://www.ppsspp.org) - A awesome PSP emulator for any OS you can dream of! [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/hrydgard/ppsspp)
* [RPCS3](https://rpcs3.net) - The Open-source PlayStation 3 Emulator [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/RPCS3/rpcs3)
* [Ryubing](https://github.com/Ryubing) - A fork of the discontinued Switch emulator, Ryujinx. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/Ryubing)
* [Suyu](https://suyu.dev/) - A familiar, open source, and powerful Nintendo Switch emulator. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://git.suyu.dev/suyu/suyu)
* [Whisky](https://getwhisky.app/) - Wine wrapper that supports GPTK (Game Porting Toolkit) [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon] ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]](https://github.com/Whisky-App/Whisky)


Question: How to: Remote Login Software

Answer:
* [AnyDesk](https://anydesk.com) - Provides remote access across multiple machines.
* [Moonlight](https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt) - GameStream client for PCs (Windows, Mac, Linux, and Steam Link). [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Parsec](https://parsec.app) - Parsec offers a seamless 4k experience at up to 60 frames per second with near-zero latency. Secure, flexible, effortless access to whatever you do, at any time, from wherever you go.
* [RealVNC](https://www.realvnc.com) - The original and best software for remote access across desktop and mobile.
* [RoyalTSX](https://www.royalapps.com/ts/mac/features) - Royal TSX is an ideal tool for system engineers and other IT professionals who need remote access to systems with different protocols. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [RustDesk](https://rustdesk.com/) - Yet another remote desktop software. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Steam Link](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/steam-link/id1246969117) - The Steam Link app allows you to play your Steam games across all your computers. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Sunshine](https://github.com/LizardByte/Sunshine) - Self-hosted game stream host for Moonlight. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/LizardByte/Sunshine) ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [TeamViewer](https://www.teamviewer.com/en) - Proprietary computer software package for remote control, desktop sharing, online meetings, web conferencing, and file transfer between computers. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]
* [Windows App](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/windows-app/id1295203466) - Connect to a remote PC or virtual apps and desktops made available by your admin. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon]


Question: How to: QuickLook Plugins

Answer:
> [![Awesome List][awesome-list Icon]](https://github.com/sindresorhus/quick-look-plugins#readme)

* [QLMarkdown](https://github.com/sbarex/QLMarkdown) - Quick Look extension for Markdown files. - ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] ![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]
* [quick-look-plugins](https://github.com/sindresorhus/quick-look-plugins) - List of useful [Quick Look](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quick_Look) plugins for developers
* [Syntax Highlight](https://github.com/sbarex/SourceCodeSyntaxHighlight) - Quick Look extension for highlight source code files. - ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] ![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]


Question: How to: Third Party App Markets

Answer:
If you come across websites offering pirated software or cracks, please post [HERE](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/awesome-mac/issues/17). We love apps, but only authentic ones. :)

* [Setapp](https://setapp.sjv.io/c/6018600/343321/5114) - The best free and paid apps (like CleanShot, Bartender, Paste, TablePlus, etc.) in one suite for only 10$/month!


Question: How to: Package Managers

Answer:
*Here are some of the major software download sites, there are a number of OSX Mac software sites*

* [Applite](https://aerolite.dev/applite) - User-friendly GUI app for Homebrew Casks. Install, update, and uninstall apps with a single click. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/milanvarady/Applite)
* [Cork](https://corkmac.app) - An intuitive and complete Homebrew GUI written in SwiftUI that supports all Homebrew features. [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/buresdv/cork)
* [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) - The missing package manager for macOS. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/)
* [MacPorts](https://www.macports.org/) - Open-source community initiative to design an easy-to-use system for compiling, installing, and upgrading either command-line, X11 or Aqua based open-source software on the Mac OS X operating system. ![Freeware][Freeware Icon] [![Open-Source Software][OSS Icon]](https://github.com/macports/)
* [MacUpdate Desktop](https://www.macupdate.com/) - Simplifies finding, buying and installing apps for your Mac.


Question: How to: Mac App Download Sites

Answer: *Here are some of the major software download sites, there are a number of OSX Mac software sites*


Question: How to: Genuine Sites

Answer:
* [alternativeTo](http://alternativeto.net/) - Also a very nice community. If you are looking for some alternative apps **FOR** Windows or another platform, check this site.
* [Slant](https://www.slant.co) - I personally recommend this. This is a platform where you can compare apps side-by-side, you might get an idea by seeing other users recommendations. Please contribute if you find an application from this list!
* Also, [Quora](https://www.quora.com/), [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com), you know the drill.
* App Shopper：[http://appshopper.com/](http://appshopper.com/)
* [Buy software, once](https://buyoncesoftware.com/) - The place to find all the software you can buy one time, and own for a lifetime.
* [Open Alternative](https://openalternative.co/) - Discover Open Source Alternatives to Popular Software. A curated collection of the best open source alternatives to everyday SaaS products. Save money with reliable tools hand-picked for you.
* MacUpdate：[https://www.macupdate.com/](https://www.macupdate.com/)
* Other sites like [MacStories](https://www.macstories.net/), [LifeHacker](http://lifehacker.com/), [ProductHunt](https://www.producthunt.com/topics/mac) are great resources.


Question: How to: Pirated software download site blocklist

Answer:
*Refuse piracy from me. Software vendors can go to these places rights.*

* AppKed：~~`http://www.macbed.com`~~
* Softasm：~~`https://softasm.com/`~~
* Appstorrent：~~`http://appstorrent.ru/`~~


Question: How to: Contributors

Answer: This project exists thanks to all the people who contribute.


Question: How to: Uptime Kuma

Answer:
Uptime Kuma is an easy-to-use self-hosted monitoring tool.
[![GitHub Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/github/sponsors/louislam?label=GitHub%20Sponsors)](https://github.com/sponsors/louislam)


Question: How to: 🥔 Live Demo

Answer:
Try it!

Demo Server (Location: Frankfurt - Germany):
It is a temporary live demo, all data will be deleted after 10 minutes. Sponsored by [Uptime Kuma Sponsors](https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma#%EF%B8%8F-sponsors).


Question: How to: 🐳 Docker Compose

Answer:
```bash
mkdir uptime-kuma
cd uptime-kuma
curl -o compose.yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/louislam/uptime-kuma/master/compose.yaml
docker compose up -d
```

Uptime Kuma is now running on all network interfaces (e.g. http://localhost:3001 or http://your-ip:3001).

> [!WARNING]
> File Systems like **NFS** (Network File System) are **NOT** supported. Please map to a local directory or volume.


Question: How to: 🐳 Docker Command

Answer:
```bash
docker run -d --restart=always -p 3001:3001 -v uptime-kuma:/app/data --name uptime-kuma louislam/uptime-kuma:2
```

Uptime Kuma is now running on all network interfaces (e.g. http://localhost:3001 or http://your-ip:3001).

If you want to limit exposure to localhost only:

```bash
docker run ... -p 127.0.0.1:3001:3001 ...
```


Question: How to: 💪🏻 Non-Docker

Answer:
Requirements:

- Platform
  - ✅ Major Linux distros such as Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora and ArchLinux etc.
  - ✅ Windows 10 (x64), Windows Server 2012 R2 (x64) or higher
  - ❌ FreeBSD / OpenBSD / NetBSD
  - ❌ Replit / Heroku
- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download/) >= 20.4
- [Git](https://git-scm.com/downloads)
- [pm2](https://pm2.keymetrics.io/) - For running Uptime Kuma in the background

```bash
git clone https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma.git
cd uptime-kuma
npm run setup


Question: How to: Start Server

Answer:
pm2 start server/server.js --name uptime-kuma
```

Uptime Kuma is now running on all network interfaces (e.g. http://localhost:3001 or http://your-ip:3001).

More useful PM2 Commands

```bash


Question: How to: Advanced Installation

Answer: If you need more options or need to browse via a reverse proxy, please read:


Question: How to: 🆙 How to Update

Answer: Please read:


Question: How to: 🆕 What's Next?

Answer: I will assign requests/issues to the next milestone.


Question: How to: ❤ Sponsors

Answer: Thank you so much! (GitHub Sponsors will be updated manually. OpenCollective sponsors will be updated automatically, the list will be cached by GitHub though. It may need some time to be updated)


Question: How to: 🖼 More Screenshots

Answer:
Light Mode:
Status Page:
Settings Page:
Telegram Notification Sample:


Question: How to: Motivation

Answer:
- I was looking for a self-hosted monitoring tool like "Uptime Robot", but it is hard to find a suitable one. One of the closest ones is statping. Unfortunately, it is not stable and no longer maintained.
- Wanted to build a fancy UI.
- Learn Vue 3 and vite.js.
- Show the power of Bootstrap 5.
- Try to use WebSocket with SPA instead of a REST API.
- Deploy my first Docker image to Docker Hub.

If you love this project, please consider giving it a ⭐.


Question: How to: 🗣 Discussion / Ask for Help

Answer:
⚠ For any general or technical questions, please don't send me an email, as I am unable to provide support in that manner. I will not respond if you ask questions there.

I recommend using Google, GitHub Issues, or Uptime Kuma's subreddit for finding answers to your question. If you cannot find the information you need, feel free to ask:

- [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma/issues)
- [Subreddit (r/UptimeKuma)](https://www.reddit.com/r/UptimeKuma/)

My Reddit account: [u/louislamlam](https://reddit.com/u/louislamlam)
You can mention me if you ask a question on the subreddit.


Question: How to: Create Pull Requests

Answer:
Pull requests are awesome.
To keep reviews fast and effective, please make sure you’ve [read our pull request guidelines](https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#can-i-create-a-pull-request-for-uptime-kuma).


Question: How to: Test Pull Requests

Answer:
There are a lot of pull requests right now, but I don't have time to test them all.

If you want to help, you can check this:


Question: How to: Test Beta Version

Answer: Check out the latest beta release here:


Question: How to: Bug Reports / Feature Requests

Answer: If you want to report a bug or request a new feature, feel free to open a [new issue](https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma/issues).


Question: How to: Translations

Answer: If you want to translate Uptime Kuma into your language, please visit [Weblate Readme](https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma/blob/master/src/lang/README.md).


Question: How to: Spelling & Grammar

Answer:
Feel free to correct the grammar in the documentation or code.
My mother language is not English and my grammar is not that great.


Question: How to: DevOps Applications

Answer:
KubePrep
Linux Master
System Design Hero


Question: How to: Operating System Exercises

Answer:
|Name|Topic|Objective & Instructions|Solution|Comments|
|--------|--------|------|----|----|
|Fork 101|Fork|[Link](topics/os/fork_101.md)|[Link](topics/os/solutions/fork_101_solution.md)
|Fork 102|Fork|[Link](topics/os/fork_102.md)|[Link](topics/os/solutions/fork_102_solution.md)


Question: How to: Operating System - Self Assessment

Answer:
What is an operating system?
From the book "Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces":

"responsible for making it easy to run programs (even allowing you to seemingly run many at the same time), allowing programs to share memory, enabling programs to interact with devices, and other fun stuff like that".
#### Operating System - Process
Can you explain what is a process?
A process is a running program. A program is one or more instructions and the program (or process) is executed by the operating system.
If you had to design an API for processes in an operating system, what would this API look like?
It would support the following:

* Create - allow to create new processes
* Delete - allow to remove/destroy processes
* State - allow to check the state of the process, whether it's running, stopped, waiting, etc.
* Stop - allow to stop a running process
How a process is created?
* The OS is reading program's code and any additional relevant data
* Program's code is loaded into the memory or more specifically, into the address space of the process.
* Memory is allocated for program's stack (aka run-time stack). The stack also initialized by the OS with data like argv, argc and parameters to main()
* Memory is allocated for program's heap which is required for dynamically allocated data like the data structures linked lists and hash tables
* I/O initialization tasks are performed, like in Unix/Linux based systems, where each process has 3 file descriptors (input, output and error)
* OS is running the program, starting from main()
True or False? The loading of the program into the memory is done eagerly (all at once)
False. It was true in the past but today's operating systems perform lazy loading, which means only the relevant pieces required for the process to run are loaded first.
What are different states of a process?
* Running - it's executing instructions
* Ready - it's ready to run, but for different reasons it's on hold
* Blocked - it's waiting for some operation to complete, for example I/O disk request
What are some reasons for a process to become blocked?
- I/O operations (e.g. Reading from a disk)
  - Waiting for a packet from a network
What is Inter Process Communication (IPC)?
Inter-process communication (IPC) refers to the mechanisms provided by an operating system that allow processes to manage shared data.
What is "time sharing"?
Even when using a system with one physical CPU, it's possible to allow multiple users to work on it and run programs. This is possible with time sharing, where computing resources are shared in a way it seems to the user, the system has multiple CPUs, but in fact it's simply one CPU shared by applying multiprogramming and multi-tasking.
What is "space sharing"?
Somewhat the opposite of time sharing. While in time sharing a resource is used for a while by one entity and then the same resource can be used by another resource, in space sharing the space is shared by multiple entities but in a way where it's not being transferred between them.
It's used by one entity, until this entity decides to get rid of it. Take for example storage. In storage, a file is yours, until you decide to delete it.
What component determines which process runs at a given moment in time?
CPU scheduler
#### Operating System - Memory
What is "virtual memory" and what purpose does serve?
Virtual memory combines your computer's RAM with temporary space on your hard disk. When RAM runs low, virtual memory helps to move data from RAM to a space called a paging file. Moving data to paging file can free up the RAM, so your computer can complete its work. In general, the more RAM your computer has, the faster the programs run.
https://www.minitool.com/lib/virtual-memory.html
What is demand paging?
Demand paging is a memory management technique where pages are loaded into physical memory only when accessed by a process. It optimizes memory usage by loading pages on demand, reducing startup latency and space overhead. However, it introduces some latency when accessing pages for the first time. Overall, it’s a cost-effective approach for managing memory resources in operating systems.
What is copy-on-write?
Copy-on-write (COW) is a resource management concept, with the goal to reduce unneces


Question: How to: Virtualization

Answer:
What is Virtualization?
Virtualization uses software to create an abstraction layer over computer hardware, that allows the hardware elements of a single computer - processors, memory, storage and more - to be divided into multiple virtual computers, commonly called virtual machines (VMs).
What is a hypervisor?
Red Hat: "A hypervisor is software that creates and runs virtual machines (VMs). A hypervisor, sometimes called a virtual machine monitor (VMM), isolates the hypervisor operating system and resources from the virtual machines and enables the creation and management of those VMs."

Read more [here](https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/virtualization/what-is-a-hypervisor)
What types of hypervisors are there?
Hosted hypervisors and bare-metal hypervisors.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of bare-metal hypervisor over a hosted hypervisor?
Due to having its own drivers and a direct access to hardware components, a baremetal hypervisor will often have better performances along with stability and scalability.

On the other hand, there will probably be some limitation regarding loading (any) drivers so a hosted hypervisor will usually benefit from having a better hardware compatibility.
What types of virtualization are there?
Operating system virtualization
Network functions virtualization
Desktop virtualization
Is containerization a type of Virtualization?
Yes, it's a operating-system-level virtualization, where the kernel is shared and allows to use multiple isolated user-spaces instances.
How the introduction of virtual machines changed the industry and the way applications were deployed?
The introduction of virtual machines allowed companies to deploy multiple business applications on the same hardware, while each application is separated from each other in secured way, where each is running on its own separate operating system.
#### Virtual Machines
Do we need virtual machines in the age of containers? Are they still relevant?
Yes, virtual machines are still relevant even in the age of containers. While containers provide a lightweight and portable alternative to virtual machines, they do have certain limitations. Virtual machines still matter because they offer isolation and security, can run different operating systems, and are good for legacy apps. Containers limitations for example are sharing the host kernel.


Question: How to: Prometheus

Answer:
What is Prometheus? What are some of Prometheus's main features?
Prometheus is a popular open-source systems monitoring and alerting toolkit, originally developed at SoundCloud. It is designed to collect and store time-series data, and to allow for querying and analysis of that data using a powerful query language called PromQL. Prometheus is frequently used to monitor cloud-native applications, microservices, and other modern infrastructure.

Some of the main features of Prometheus include:

    1. Data model: Prometheus uses a flexible data model that allows users to organize and label their time-series data in a way that makes sense for their particular use case. Labels are used to identify different dimensions of the data, such as the source of the data or the environment in which it was collected.

    2. Pull-based architecture: Prometheus uses a pull-based model to collect data from targets, meaning that the Prometheus server actively queries its targets for metrics data at regular intervals. This architecture is more scalable and reliable than a push-based model, which would require every target to push data to the server.

    3. Time-series database: Prometheus stores all of its data in a time-series database, which allows users to perform queries over time ranges and to aggregate and analyze their data in various ways. The database is optimized for write-heavy workloads, and can handle a high volume of data with low latency.

    4. Alerting: Prometheus includes a powerful alerting system that allows users to define rules based on their metrics data and to send alerts when certain conditions are met. Alerts can be sent via email, chat, or other channels, and can be customized to include specific details about the problem.

    5. Visualization: Prometheus has a built-in graphing and visualization tool, called PromDash, which allows users to create custom dashboards to monitor their systems and applications. PromDash supports a variety of graph types and visualization options, and can be customized using CSS and JavaScript.

Overall, Prometheus is a powerful and flexible tool for monitoring and analyzing systems and applications, and is widely used in the industry for cloud-native monitoring and observability.
In what scenarios it might be better to NOT use Prometheus?
From Prometheus documentation: "if you need 100% accuracy, such as for per-request billing".
Describe Prometheus architecture and components
The Prometheus architecture consists of four major components:

    1. Prometheus Server: The Prometheus server is responsible for collecting and storing metrics data. It has a simple built-in storage layer that allows it to store time-series data in a time-ordered database.

    2. Client Libraries: Prometheus provides a range of client libraries that enable applications to expose their metrics data in a format that can be ingested by the Prometheus server. These libraries are available for a range of programming languages, including Java, Python, and Go.

    3. Exporters: Exporters are software components that expose existing metrics from third-party systems and make them available for ingestion by the Prometheus server. Prometheus provides exporters for a range of popular technologies, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Apache.

    4. Alertmanager: The Alertmanager component is responsible for processing alerts generated by the Prometheus server. It can handle alerts from multiple sources and provides a range of features for deduplicating, grouping, and routing alerts to appropriate channels.

Overall, the Prometheus architecture is designed to be highly scalable and resilient. The server and client libraries can be deployed in a distributed fashion to support monitoring across large-scale, highly dynamic environments
Can you compare Prometheus to other solutions like InfluxDB for example?
Compared to other monitoring solutions, such as InfluxDB, Prometheus is known for its high performance and scalability. It can handle large volumes of data and can easily be integrated with other tools in the monitoring ecosystem. InfluxDB, on the other hand, is known for its ease of use and simplicity. It has a user-friendly interface and provides easy-to-use APIs for collecting and querying data.

Another popular solution, Nagios, is a more traditional monitoring system that relies on a push-based model for collecting data. Nagios has been around for a long time and is known for its stability and reliability. However, compared to Prometheus, Nagios lacks some of the more advanced features, such as multi-dimensional data model and powerful query language.

Overall, the choice of a monitoring solution depends on the specific needs and requirements of the organization. While Prometheus is a great choice for large-


Question: How to: SQL Exercises

Answer:
|Name|Topic|Objective & Instructions|Solution|Comments|
|--------|--------|------|----|----|
| Functions vs. Comparisons | Query Improvements | [Exercise](topics/sql/improve_query.md) | [Solution](topics/sql/solutions/improve_query.md)


Question: How to: SQL Self Assessment

Answer:
What is SQL?
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard language for relational databases (like MySQL, MariaDB, ...).
It's used for reading, updating, removing and creating data in a relational database.
How is SQL Different from NoSQL
The main difference is that SQL databases are structured (data is stored in the form of
tables with rows and columns - like an excel spreadsheet table) while NoSQL is
unstructured, and the data storage can vary depending on how the NoSQL DB is set up, such
as key-value pair, document-oriented, etc.
When is it best to use SQL? NoSQL?
SQL - Best used when data integrity is crucial. SQL is typically implemented with many
businesses and areas within the finance field due to it's ACID compliance.

NoSQL - Great if you need to scale things quickly. NoSQL was designed with web applications
in mind, so it works great if you need to quickly spread the same information around to
multiple servers

Additionally, since NoSQL does not adhere to the strict table with columns and rows structure
that Relational Databases require, you can store different data types together.
##### Practical SQL - Basics

For these questions, we will be using the Customers and Orders tables shown below:

**Customers**

Customer_ID | Customer_Name | Items_in_cart | Cash_spent_to_Date
------------ | ------------- | ------------- | -------------
100204 | John Smith | 0 | 20.00
100205 | Jane Smith | 3 | 40.00
100206 | Bobby Frank | 1 | 100.20

**ORDERS**

Customer_ID | Order_ID | Item | Price | Date_sold
------------ | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | -------------
100206 | A123 | Rubber Ducky | 2.20 | 2019-09-18
100206 | A123 | Bubble Bath | 8.00 | 2019-09-18
100206 | Q987 | 80-Pack TP | 90.00 | 2019-09-20
100205 | Z001 | Cat Food - Tuna Fish | 10.00 | 2019-08-05
100205 | Z001 | Cat Food - Chicken | 10.00 | 2019-08-05
100205 | Z001 | Cat Food - Beef | 10.00 | 2019-08-05
100205 | Z001 | Cat Food - Kitty quesadilla | 10.00 | 2019-08-05
100204 | X202 | Coffee | 20.00 | 2019-04-29
How would I select all fields from this table?
Select *
From Customers;
How many items are in John's cart?
Select Items_in_cart
From Customers
Where Customer_Name = "John Smith";
What is the sum of all the cash spent across all customers?
Select SUM(Cash_spent_to_Date) as SUM_CASH
From Customers;
How many people have items in their cart?
Select count(1) as Number_of_People_w_items
From Customers
where Items_in_cart > 0;
How would you join the customer table to the order table?
You would join them on the unique key. In this case, the unique key is Customer_ID in
both the Customers table and Orders table
How would you show which customer ordered which items?
Select c.Customer_Name, o.Item
From Customers c
Left Join Orders o
On c.Customer_ID = o.Customer_ID;
Using a with statement, how would you show who ordered cat food, and the total amount of money spent?
with cat_food as (
Select Customer_ID, SUM(Price) as TOTAL_PRICE
From Orders
Where Item like "%Cat Food%"
Group by Customer_ID
)
Select Customer_name, TOTAL_PRICE
From Customers c
Inner JOIN cat_food f
ON c.Customer_ID = f.Customer_ID
where c.Customer_ID in (Select Customer_ID from cat_food);

Although this was a simple statement, the "with" clause really shines when
a complex query needs to be run on a table before joining to another. With statements are nice,
because you create a pseudo temp when running your query, instead of creating a whole new table.

The Sum of all the purchases of cat food weren't readily available, so we used a with statement to create
the pseudo table to retrieve the sum of the prices spent by each customer, then join the table normally.
Which of the following queries would you use?

```
SELECT count(*)                             SELECT count(*)
FROM shawarma_purchases                     FROM shawarma_purchases
WHERE                               vs.     WHERE
  YEAR(purchased_at) == '2017'              purchased_at >= '2017-01-01' AND
                                            purchased_at <= '2017-31-12'
```
```
SELECT count(*)
FROM shawarma_purchases
WHERE
  purchased_at >= '2017-01-01' AND
  purchased_at <= '2017-31-12'
```

When you use a function (`YEAR(purchased_at)`) it has to scan the whole database as opposed to using indexes and basically the column as it is, in its natura


Question: How to: Distributed

Answer:
Explain Distributed Computing (or Distributed System)
According to Martin Kleppmann:

"Many processes running on many machines...only message-passing via an unreliable network with variable delays, and the system may suffer from partial failures, unreliable clocks, and process pauses."

Another definition: "Systems that are physically separated, but logically connected"
What can cause a system to fail?
* Network
* CPU
* Memory
* Disk
Do you know what is "CAP theorem"? (aka as Brewer's theorem)
According to the CAP theorem, it's not possible for a distributed data store to provide more than two of the following at the same time:

* Availability: Every request receives a response (it doesn't has to be the most recent data)
* Consistency: Every request receives a response with the latest/most recent data
* Partition tolerance: Even if some the data is lost/dropped, the system keeps running
What are the problems with the following design? How to improve it?
1. The transition can take time. In other words, noticeable downtime.
2. Standby server is a waste of resources - if first application server is running then the standby does nothing
What are the problems with the following design? How to improve it?
Issues:
If load balancer dies , we lose the ability to communicate with the application.

Ways to improve:
* Add another load balancer
* Use DNS A record for both load balancers
* Use message queue
What is "Shared-Nothing" architecture?
It's an architecture in which data is and retrieved from a single, non-shared, source usually exclusively connected to one node as opposed to architectures where the request can get to one of many nodes and the data will be retrieved from one shared location (storage, memory, ...).
Explain the Sidecar Pattern (Or sidecar proxy)


Question: How to: Questions you CAN ask

Answer:
A list of questions you as a candidate can ask the interviewer during or after the interview.
These are only a suggestion, use them carefully. Not every interviewer will be able to answer these (or happy to) which should be perhaps a red flag warning for your regarding working in such place but that's really up to you.
What do you like about working here?
How does the company promote personal growth?
What is the current level of technical debt you are dealing with?
Be careful when asking this question - all companies, regardless of size, have some level of tech debt.
Phrase the question in the light that all companies have the deal with this, but you want to see the current
pain points they are dealing with
This is a great way to figure how managers deal with unplanned work, and how good they are at
setting expectations with projects.
Why I should NOT join you? (or 'what you don't like about working here?')
What was your favorite project you've worked on?
This can give you insights in some of the cool projects a company is working on, and if
you would enjoy working on projects like these. This is also a good way to see if
the managers are allowing employees to learn and grow with projects outside of the
normal work you'd do.
If you could change one thing about your day to day, what would it be?
Similar to the tech debt question, this helps you identify any pain points with the company.
Additionally, it can be a great way to show how you'd be an asset to the team.
For Example, if they mention they have problem X, and you've solved that in the past,
you can show how you'd be able to mitigate that problem.
Let's say that we agree and you hire me to this position, after X months, what do you expect that I have achieved?
Not only this will tell you what is expected from you, it will also provide big hint on the type of work you are going to do in the first months of your job.


Question: How to: System Design

Answer:
Explain what a "single point of failure" is.
A "single point of failure", in a system or organization, if it were to fail would cause the entire system to fail or significantly disrupt it's operation. In other words, it is a vulnerability where there
is no backup in place to compensate for the failure.
What is CDN?
CDN (Content Delivery Network) responsible for distributing content geographically. Part of it, is what is known as edge locations, aka cache proxies, that allows users to get their content quickly due to cache features and geographical distribution.
Explain Multi-CDN
In single CDN, the whole content is originated from content delivery network.
In multi-CDN, content is distributed across multiple different CDNs, each might be on a completely different provider/cloud.
What are the benefits of Multi-CDN over a single CDN?
* Resiliency: Relying on one CDN means no redundancy. With multiple CDNs you don't need to worry about your CDN being down
* Flexibility in Costs: Using one CDN enforces you to specific rates of that CDN. With multiple CDNs you can take into consideration using less expensive CDNs to deliver the content.
* Performance: With Multi-CDN there is bigger potential in choosing better locations which more close to the client asking the content
* Scale: With multiple CDNs, you can scale services to support more extreme conditions
Explain "3-Tier Architecture" (including pros and cons)
A "3-Tier Architecture" is a pattern used in software development for designing and structuring applications. It divides the application into 3 interconnected layers: Presentation, Business logic and Data storage.
PROS:
* Scalability
* Security
* Reusability
CONS:
* Complexity
* Performance overhead
* Cost and development time
Explain Mono-repo vs. Multi-repo.What are the cons and pros of each approach?
In a Mono-repo, all the code for an organization is stored in a single,centralized repository.
PROS (Mono-repo):
* Unified tooling
* Code Sharing
CONS (Mono-repo):
* Increased complexity
* Slower cloning

In a Multi-repo setup, each component is stored in it's own separate repository. Each repository has it's own version control history.
PROS (Multi-repo):
* Simpler to manage
* Different teams and developers can work on different parts of the project independently, making parallel development easier.
CONS (Multi-repo):
* Code duplication
* Integration challenges
What are the drawbacks of monolithic architecture?
* Not suitable for frequent code changes and the ability to deploy new features
* Not designed for today's infrastructure (like public clouds)
* Scaling a team to work monolithic architecture is more challenging
* If a single component in this architecture fails, then the entire application fails.
What are the advantages of microservices architecture over a monolithic architecture?
* Each of the services individually fail without escalating into an application-wide outage.
* Each service can be developed and maintained by a separate team and this team can choose its own tools and coding language
What's a service mesh?
It is a layer that facilitates communication management and control between microservices in a containerized application. It handles tasks such as load balancing, encryption, and monitoring.
Explain "Loose Coupling"
In "Loose Coupling", components of a system communicate with each other with a little understanding of each other's internal workings. This improves scalability and ease of modification in complex systems.
What is a message queue? When is it used?
It is a communication mechanism used in distributed systems to enable asynchronous communication between different components. It is generally used when the systems use a microservices approach.
#### Scalability
Explain Scalability
The ability easily grow in size and capacity based on demand and usage.
Explain Elasticity
The ability to grow but also to reduce based on what is required
Explain Disaster Recovery
Disaster recovery is the process of restoring critical business systems and data after a disruptive event. The goal is to minimize the impact and resume normal business activities quickly. This involves creating a plan, testing it, backing up critical data, and storing it in safe locations. In case of a disaste


Question: How to: Certificates

Answer:
If you are looking for a way to prepare for a certain exam this is the section for you. Here you'll find a list of certificates, each references to a separate file with focused questions that will help you to prepare to the exam. Good luck :)

#### AWS

* [Cloud Practitioner](certificates/aws-cloud-practitioner.md) (Latest update: 2020)
* [Solutions Architect Associate](certificates/aws-solutions-architect-associate.md) (Latest update: 2021)
* [Cloud SysOps Administration Associate](certificates/aws-cloud-sysops-associate.md) (Latest update: Oct 2022)

#### Azure

* [AZ-900](certificates/azure-fundamentals-az-900.md) (Latest update: 2021)

#### Kubernetes

* [Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA)](topics/kubernetes/CKA.md) (Latest update: 2022)


Question: How to: Additional DevOps and SRE Projects


Question: How to: 🌟 Reference Servers

Answer:
These servers aim to demonstrate MCP features and the official SDKs.

- **[Everything](src/everything)** - Reference / test server with prompts, resources, and tools.
- **[Fetch](src/fetch)** - Web content fetching and conversion for efficient LLM usage.
- **[Filesystem](src/filesystem)** - Secure file operations with configurable access controls.
- **[Git](src/git)** - Tools to read, search, and manipulate Git repositories.
- **[Memory](src/memory)** - Knowledge graph-based persistent memory system.
- **[Sequential Thinking](src/sequentialthinking)** - Dynamic and reflective problem-solving through thought sequences.
- **[Time](src/time)** - Time and timezone conversion capabilities.


Question: How to: 🤝 Third-Party Servers

Answer:
> [!NOTE]
The server lists in this README are no longer maintained and will eventually be removed.


Question: How to: 🎖 Official Integrations

Answer:
Official integrations are maintained by companies building production ready MCP servers for their platforms.

-
**[21st.dev Magic](https://github.com/21st-dev/magic-mcp)** - Create crafted UI components inspired by the best 21st.dev design engineers.
-
**[2slides](https://github.com/2slides/2slides-mcp)** - An MCP server that provides tools to convert content into slides/PPT/presentation or generate slides/PPT/presentation with user intention.
-
**[ActionKit by Paragon](https://github.com/useparagon/paragon-mcp)** - Connect to 130+ SaaS integrations (e.g. Slack, Salesforce, Gmail) with Paragon’s [ActionKit](https://www.useparagon.com/actionkit) API.
-
**[Adfin](https://github.com/Adfin-Engineering/mcp-server-adfin)** - The only platform you need to get paid - all payments in one place, invoicing and accounting reconciliations with [Adfin](https://www.adfin.com/).
-
**[AgentOps](https://github.com/AgentOps-AI/agentops-mcp)** - Provide observability and tracing for debugging AI agents with [AgentOps](https://www.agentops.ai/) API.
-
**[AgentQL](https://github.com/tinyfish-io/agentql-mcp)** - Enable AI agents to get structured data from unstructured web with [AgentQL](https://www.agentql.com/).
-
**[AgentRPC](https://github.com/agentrpc/agentrpc)** - Connect to any function, any language, across network boundaries using [AgentRPC](https://www.agentrpc.com/).
- **[Agentset](https://github.com/agentset-ai/mcp-server)** - RAG for your knowledge base connected to [Agentset](https://agentset.ai).
-
**[Airwallex Developer](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@airwallex/developer-mcp)** - Empowers AI coding agents with the tools they need to assist developers integrating with [Airwallex APIs](https://www.airwallex.com/docs/api/)
-
**[Aiven](https://github.com/Aiven-Open/mcp-aiven)** - Navigate your [Aiven projects](https://go.aiven.io/mcp-server) and interact with the PostgreSQL®, Apache Kafka®, ClickHouse® and OpenSearch® services
-
**[Alation](https://github.com/Alation/alation-ai-agent-sdk)** - Unlock the power of the enterprise Data Catalog by harnessing tools provided by the Alation MCP server.
-
**[Alby Bitcoin Payments](https://github.com/getAlby/mcp)** - Connect any bitcoin lightning wallet to your agent to send and receive instant payments globally with your agent.
- **[Algolia](https://github.com/algolia/mcp)** - Use AI agents to provision, configure, and query your [Algolia](https://algolia.com) search indices.
-
**[Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for MySQL](https://github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-adb-mysql-mcp-server)** - Connect to an [AnalyticDB for MySQL](https://www.alibabacloud.com/en/product/analyticdb-for-mysql) cluster for getting database or table metadata, querying and analyzing data. It will be supported to add the OpenAPI for cluster operation in the future.
-
**[Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL](https://github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-adbpg-mcp-server)** - An MCP server to connect to [AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL](https://github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-adbpg-mcp-server) instances, query and analyze data.
-
**[Alibaba Cloud DataWorks](https://github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-dataworks-mcp-server)** - A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that provides to