<p>I'm having some internationalisation woes:</p>

<p>My UTF-8 string fields are being rendered in the browser as ???? after being returned from the database.</p>

<p>After retrieval from the database using Hibernate, the String fields are presented correctly on inspection using the eclipse debugger.</p>

<p>However Struts2/Tiles is rendering these strings as ???? in the HTML sent to the browser.</p>

<p>The charset directive is present in the HTML header:
    </p>

<p>Perhaps I need to add something to my struts2 or tiles configurations?</p>

Try setting the lang attribute on the <html/> element.
HTML example:
```
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html lang="ja">
```
XHTML example:
```
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="ja">
```