<p>Because this is not the kind of company where wiki's are accepted, we tend to do a lot of communication through outlook. Sending code snippets through it is painfull.
Is there some way to get the markdown thing we have here, but in outlook?</p>

Since Outlook uses Word as an email editor (Outlook 2007, Outlook 2003 can be configured to use Word) you could use the AutoCorrect feature to apply simple formatting to your email.
```
__text__
```
will trigger italic and
```
**bold**
```
will trigger bold. List can be created automatically when typing
```
-
```
or
```
1.
```
Another option might be to run a VBA macro on sending the email which converts the Markdown formatting to (X)HTML.