<p>I'm writing the memory manager for an application, as part of a team of twenty-odd coders.  We're running out of memory quota and we need to be able to see what's going on, since we only appear to be using about 700Mb. I need to be able to report where it's all going - fragmentation etc.  Any ideas?</p>

You can use existing memory debugging tools for this, I found Memory Validator
1
quite useful, it is able to track both API level (heap, new...) and OS level (Virtual Memory) allocations and show virtual memory maps.
The other option which I also found very usefull is to be able to dump a map of the whole virtual space based on VirtualQuery function. My code for this looks like this:
```
```
void PrintVMMap()
{
  size_t start = 0;
  // TODO: make portable - not compatible with /3GB, 64b OS or 64b app
  size_t end = 1U<<31; // map 32b user space only - kernel space not accessible
  SYSTEM_INFO si;
  GetSystemInfo(&si);
  size_t pageSize = si.dwPageSize;
  size_t longestFreeApp = 0;

  int index=0;
  for (size_t addr = start; addr<end; )
  {
    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION buffer;
    SIZE_T retSize = VirtualQuery((void *)addr,&buffer,sizeof(buffer));
    if (retSize==sizeof(buffer) && buffer.RegionSize>0)
    {
      // dump information about this region
      printf(.... some buffer information here ....);
      // track longest feee region - usefull fragmentation indicator
      if (buffer.State&MEM_FREE)
      {
        if (buffer.RegionSize>longestFreeApp) longestFreeApp = buffer.RegionSize;
      }
      addr += buffer.RegionSize;
      index+= buffer.RegionSize/pageSize;
    }
    else
    {
      // always proceed
      addr += pageSize;
      index++;
    }
  }
  printf("Longest free VM region: %d",longestFreeApp);
}
```
```