<p>With common lisp and I am assuming the introspection properties.  How can I add code to common lisp code that will tell me when a function is called and when has finished executing.  I want to take any lisp code and this particular modification to the code.  I figure with lisp's AST analysis, this should be possible.</p>

Common lisp has a TRACE function that reports the function, arguments and resulting value of each call specified. Here is the doc page for Steel Bank's version, but you should find something similar in most implementations:
http://www.sbcl.org/manual/Function-Tracing.html
The system also includes a profiler:
http://www.sbcl.org/manual/Deterministic-Profiler.html