<p>I am interested in doing development on Cura.  Initially I want to start with the UI rather than the Engine.  I have found the <a href="https://github.com/Ultimaker/Cura" rel="nofollow noreferrer">repository</a> and have cloned it to my PC.  I have also looked over the <a href="https://github.com/Ultimaker/Cura/wiki" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wiki</a> and searched the web.  For such a popular open-source product, I was surprised I couldn't find a build guide.</p>

<p>Can someone direct me on how to get started.  I have a LOT of experience in Software Development (more years and languages than I want to admit to); but, I have never used Python.  Consider that in your instructions.</p>

As you are an experienced developer, these links should help:
This is a related question, but for Ubuntu
How to build CuraEngine?
Wikipedia has an informative page on
Cura
, which lists the Github development pages:
Cura Github development page
Cura Github legacy (pre-Ultimaker) development page
Cura slicing engine Github development page
Reading the development pages is a good place to start. The
Cura Github development page
does contain resources for Windows.
The top level Ultimaker
Github page
contains links to all of the relevant repositories, amongst other useful resources, including:
CuraEngine
- CuraEngine is a powerful, fast and robust engine for processing 3D models into 3D printing instruction for Ultimaker
  and other GCode based 3D printers. It is part of the larger open
  source project called "Cura".
Cura
- 3D printer / slicing GUI built on top of the Uranium framework
cura-build
- Build scripts for Cura
With respect to Python, I, myself, am slowly making my way through this Python tutorial,
Python Code Academy
. However, there are a many other good Python tutorials out there, the best resource is probably
Python.org
.
One thing to note is that Python 2.x and 3.x are markedly different (see
Should I use Python 2 or Python 3 for my development activity?
).
What should I learn as a beginner: Python 2 OR Python 3?
is also an interesting read.