<p>I am doing laboratory experiments and need to print some components.</p>

<p>I am working with different aqueous (water) solutions containing sulphuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), separately and in combination. The pH of the solutions are in the range 0 to 7. Temperatures don't exceed 40° Celsius.</p>

<p>In another application we have aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of FeCl<sub>3</sub>, HCl and in some cases H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> at temperatures of up to 180° Celsius.</p>

<p>Which 3D printing filament materials can you recommend for these applications?</p>

There are two issues you have here, one is temperature stability and the other is chemical reactivity of plastics. I can't help you with the chemistry side, but I can help with the temperature.
Application 1 (Temp < 40 °C)
Any FDM plastic will perform reasonably well under these temperatures. I would suggest trying a Nylon, PETG or a PolyCarbonate filament as I know these are more resistant to acids than PLA or ABS. As far as strength of the parts, all FDM plastics will work well
Application 2 (Temp > 180 °C)
This temperature range is above the glass transition temperature of the PLA, ABS, PETG and Nylon are all well below 180 °C and therefore aren't worth considering. Your best option is PolyCarbonate, or PolyCarbonate-ABS which are both fairly high (roughly 140-150 °C). However, are both below your minimum temperature threshold.
My conclusion is to try a polycarbonate sample and see how it reacts to the chemicals you're working with, though it doesn't look hopeful.
For Chemical reactivity, I did some Google-fu and found a few links that look helpful for PolyCarbonate:
Chemical resistance polycarbonate
Polycarbonate Chemical Compatibility Chart