<p>I have a project the requires the use of the exec family. My project consist of making an interactive shell. The shell will implement a few basic commands like cd, ls, echo, etc. I have been researching the use of exec, but have not found a useful site. Any suggested links would help.</p>

<pre><code>int ret;
ret = execl ("/bin/ls", "ls", "-1", (char *)0);
</code></pre>

<p>How would i get the output of this operation to show on the screen?</p>

doing
```
```
int fd = 1;
dup(fd);
close(fd);
```
```
gets the output to the screen.