Shared anti-colonial struggles can also be traced back to each of these imperial eras, culminating in the twentieth century with massive anti-colonial wars and collective transnational efforts, among them the 1955 Afro-Asian conference in Bandung, Indonesia, and the Non-Aligned Movement that peaked in the 1970s. This anti-colonial solidarity has generated numerous intersections of peoples and struggles, and North Africa has often played a prominent role, from hosting the Black Panther Party, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)/Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and other radical forces (Daulatzai, 2012; Feldman, 2015) to symbolizing resistance in its highest forms, as in the case of the actual and filmic Battle of Algiers. Algeria, in parallel with Haiti and India, was a white settler colony of the greatest material and symbolic significance to its hegemonic occupier, France, and its liberation - followed by massive counterinsurgent imperial reprisals - had worldwide systemic consequences still felt today (Mamdani, 2004).