26 Even though an online search came up with a date of 1799, Prof. Femi Ade-Ojo (not a relation), a collaborator with Pierre Verger as well as Santana gave a birth date of 1797. Ojo added that Navarre was born to a Creole mother which he thought drew him to Osifekunde. Santana only cited the French heritage. See https://www.familysearch.org/search/tree/results?count=20\&exactSearching=tru e\&q.givenName=jean\%20baptiste\%20navarre\&q.sex=Male\&q.surname=Navarre; interview with AdeOjo at the "Back to Africa conference," Johannesburg, South Africa 14-15 July 2008 and Washington and Baltimore from 2011-2013; and Santana, "Extraordinaria," p. 29. I also thank Ade-Ojo for showing me his draft essay "Afro-Brazilians, Afro-French, and Luso-French Blacks in nineteenth century France."  
people. ${ }^{27}$ Despite their small numbers, enslaved Mina remained visible in Rio de Janeiro. They brought to southeast Brazil a keen sense of community partly reinforced by their small number but also their devotion to African belief systems, especially vodoun and orisa, and for the Yoruba, their familiarity with urban life. In the cities, Mina enslaved people worked for their owners and for themselves. They combined domestic and public duties such as hawking food, water and textiles. Others were masons, craftsmen, hairdressers, cobblers and porters transporting goods and human beings in hammocks and palanquins. They saved their profits to redeem themselves and families, marriage and the acquisition of property. After 1835, some spent their earnings on a return journey to Africa.