8 John Martin: OBSP 1781-82 https://www.oldbaileyonline.org
9 John Williams: ASSI, 13/13; NA ASSI, 35/225, NAUK
10 James Williams: OBSP 178485 https://www.oldbaileyonline.org
11 The 'bushranger' is an armed outlaw who has become Australia's iconic hero. The most famous bushranger, Ned Kelly, is celebrated in Peter Carey's Booker prize-winning novel The True Story of the Kelly Gang New York: Knopf, 2001.
12 Assizes 35/226, 38, NAUK  
At the penal settlement established in New South Wales, Caesar was reputed to be the strongest man in the place, and a hardworking convict, but 'incorrigibly stubborn' (Collins, 1975, p. 57). He managed to profoundly irritate the Judge Advocate, who penned an appraisal of this recalcitrant convict saying, 'in his intellect he did not differ widely from a brute' and concluding that the man was forced to steal to feed his brutish appetite. In May 1789, he was caught with stolen bread, and sentenced to be flogged with 500 lashes. Guessing that the terrors of the unknown hinterland were less terrible than a penal settlement, Caesar ran off into the surrounding bush, armed with a musket and cooking pot. He was soon caught and brutally punished, but no matter how many times he was caught Caesar always managed to abscond back to the bush. By 1795, he was still at large and providing encouragement to other absconders. Armed with stolen muskets, Caesar and his associates constituted a greater threat to the penal settlement than the local Aborigines (Collins, op. cit., p. 377). Australia's first outlaw was eventually shot and killed by a convict bounty hunter in 1796. Caesar's legacy, however, lived on. His daughter Mary Anne Poore, born in Australia, received a land grant in the second penal colony of Van Diemen's Land in 1813.