In this regard, a study of the genealogies of scholarship which attempt to account for and clarify the black experience has been undertaken in Black studies epistemologies in the United States of America by Charisse BurdenStelly. As indicated at the start of this introduction, in terms of academic projects, black studies in the United States was a launching point for these discussions and remains a site where this discussion continues to be formally held. Black studies epistemologies are thus the intellectual space from which the advancement of knowledge of related fields emanates. The epistemological movements have moved through cultural nationalism and pan-Africanism, through black feminism and Afro-pessimism, and now Afro-futurism, which, though science fiction-oriented, has provided a necessary imagining of future possibilities. Major moments have included the widespread dynamization brought about by the Ryan Coogler film Black Panther (Marvel Entertainment, 2018), which combined both Afro-futuristic and traditional representations of Africa. The problem with Afro-pessimism, as Greg Thomas (2018) indicates, is that it remains unable to advance a discourse which makes more visible the 'blackness of blackness or the transvaluations of manifold black liberation movements' (pp. 291-92).  
One of these important epistemological turns has been offered through a variety of black feminist assertions, ideas and political movements outlined in Transnational feminist epistemologies for Global Africa by Amina Mama, a former co-editor of Feminist Africa, which is based in South Africa and publishes gender studies scholarship relating to the continent and to the African diaspora. She asserts that African scholarship has to 'go global' in two ways: 'In addition to including the diasporas, it must also include women in a manner that redresses the neglect of African women's involvement in all aspects of history and the distortion of histories of sex and gender relations in all African societies'. To accomplish this, she examines gender in African history, pan-Africanism and