![img-8.jpeg](img_ref_9)  
Figure i. Map of the "Lowcountry"
(Gonzales, 1924, p. 9). In the Denmark Vesey Conspiracy, enslaved people born in Angola identified themselves - this very rare glimpse gives the historian a peek at how a select group of enslaved blacks identified themselves - and slaveholders identified them as 'Gullah'. ${ }^{1}$ In 1850, 'Gullah Jem' was one of seven enslaved men and women photographed for Louis Agassiz, a world-renowned naturalist and ethnologist. Labelled 'Gullah', Jem became representative of a racial type on par with the ethnic groups of enslaved people who were born in Africa (Rogers, 2010, pp. 227, xvi, 25, 28). These daguerreotypes are the 'earliest known photographs of identifiable American slaves' as well as the 'earliest anthropological photographs' (Rogers, 2010, pp. 17-18).  
Linguist and contemporary of Melville Herskovits, Lorenzo Dow Turner conducted the first scientific study of the Gullah Geechee languages, tracing over  
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[^0]:    1 'Enclosure B, Court Proceedings and Testimony Regarding the Denmark Vesey Rebellion. Senate Copy' in Legislative Papers, 1782-1866 (South Carolina Department of History and Archives), pp. 145-48, 49, $52,49,205,05,08-09,11-14,153,67,201,22,197,91-92$.