6 On early modern colonization and slavery as foundations for the establishment of racial discourses and racist regimes, see Quijano, Rabasa, Trouillot.
7 On capitalist modernity as a long-term process of globalization, see Dussel, Santiago-Valles, and Trouillot; and, for its theoretical representation as a modern/colonial world-system, see Quijano, Laó-Montes, Mignolo, and Wallerstein.  
and of oriental civilizations as stagnant, in contrast to the supposed barbarism of indigenous and African 'peoples without history'. ${ }^{8}$ Hence, the definitions of self (humanity, personhood, identity, community) have a long history based on occidentalist geohistorical categories that are historically specific in time and space yet intertwined through global processes of power, praxis, and signification. Racial categories are part of what Trouillot calls 'North Atlantic Universals' at the same time as they have specific significations in particular historical scenarios. ${ }^{9}$