In 1836, Portugal prohibited the export of captives from its possessions in Africa. Nevertheless, merchants established in Luanda continued to ship enslaved Africans to Brazil and Cuba from ports south and north of the colonial capital until the 1860s (Ferreira, 1996, pp. 18, 21, 30; 2008, p. 232; Karasch, 1967, p. 47; Alexandre and Dias, 1998, pp. 375-6; De Almeida Santos, 1970, p.371). Dona Ana Joaquina was part of a group of traders who illegally exported  
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[^0]:    6 On the Matozo family, see Lopes Cardoso, 1971, pp. 316-319.
7 Brazil was the place where many wealthy families established in Angola sent their offspring to be educated (Candido, 2013b p. 127). The first classes for girls were only established in Luanda in 1845. See Vansina (2001, p. 276). Pacheco (1990, p. 72) references a letter written by Dona Ana Joaquina to the former Governor of Angola, Barão de Santa Comba-Dão when he left to Portugal in 1834.
8 Biblioteca Municipal de Luanda (BML), Códice 37, "Receita da Ciza dos Prédios dessa Cidade," 1809-1833, p. 78.
9 Arquivo Nacional de Angola (ANA), "Termos de Fiança," Cx. 147, pp. 217, 219-220; Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (AHU), Secretaria de Estado da Marinha e Ultramar (SEMU), Direcção Geral do Ultramar (DGU), Angola, 2a. Sessão, Cx. 6; AHU, BOA, no. 101, 14 August, 1847, p. 4; BOA, no. 102, 21 August, 1847, p. 4; BOA, no. 124, 22 January, 1848, p. 4; BML, Códice 37, "Receita da Ciza dos Prédios dessa Cidade," 1809-33, pp. 76v, 115, 124v.