Gilroy, P. 1993. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.  
Glave, T. 2008. Our Caribbean: A Gathering of Lesbian and Gay Writing from the Antilles. Duke University Press Books.  
Gomez, M. A. (ed.). 2006. Diasporic Africa: A Reader. New York and London, New York University Press.  
Gomez, M. A. 2004. Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora. London, Cambridge University Press.  
Hadfield, L. A. 2017. Steve Biko and the black consciousness movement. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Africa History. https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/ view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-83\# (Accessed 16 March 2022.)  
Harris, J. E. 2003. Expanding the scope of African diaspora studies: The Middle East and India, a research agenda. Radical History Review, No. 87, pp. 157-68.  
Harris, J. E. (ed.). 1982. Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora. Washington, D.C., Howard University Press.  
Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. The Clash of Civilizations? Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 22-49.  
Huntington, Samuel P. 2004. Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity. New York, Simon \& Schuster.  
Hooks, B. 1990. Postmodern blackness. Postmodern Culture, Vol. 1, No. 1. http://www. pomoculture.org/2013/09/26/postmodern-blackness/ (Accessed 16 March 2022.)  
Inikori, J., and Engerman, S. L. (eds). 1992. The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economies, Societies and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Durham, UK, Duke University Press.  
Kendi, I. X. 2016. Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America. New York, Nation Books.  
Makalani, M. 2009. Diaspora and the localities of race. Social Text, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 1-9.
Marable, M. 2008. Introduction - Blackness beyond boundaries: Navigating the political economies of global inequality. M. Marable and V. Agard-Jones (eds), Transnational Blackness. Navigating the Global Color Line. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1- 8.