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[^0]:    4 For further details on long-distance trade and central Sudan see, for instance, Adamu, 1978 and Lovejoy and Baier, 1975.  
him and other captives to Katsina where he was purchased by a merchant named Abd-el-Kader. From Katsina, Abd-el-Kader and his entourage, including Said, joined a caravan that was headed for North Africa. They passed along one of the six famous trans-Saharan trade routes, the route from Bilma through Murzuk to Tripoli, which Barth and Dorugu describe in their separate accounts (Barth, 1857-1859, vol. I, pp. 150-488 and vol. III, pp. 626-630; Kirk-Greene and Newman, 1971). At Murzuk, Said was purchased by Abdy Aga, a Turkish officer in Ibrahim Pasha's army. He lived briefly with his new master before he was relocated to Tripoli to serve Hadji Daoud, Abdy Aga's father. As a slave, Said accompanied Hadji Daoud to Mecca and Medina, visiting many historic cities including Alexandria, Cairo, Khartoum, Massawa and Muscat. Unfortunately, Hadji Daoud's assets in Tripoli were consumed by fire while he was on pilgrimage, or Said's life would undoubtedly have taken a different course than the one that lay before him. Probably, he would have remained in North Africa. Instead, Hadji Daoud sold Said to an agent who took him to Izmir (Smyrna), where he was sold to one Fuad Pacha, who took him to Istanbul. After some time - Said says about nine months - Fuad Pacha passed him on to his brother-in-law, Reschid Pacha, who in turn, ultimately, presented him to the Russian ambassador, Alexandr Sergeyevich, Prince Menshikov (1787-1867). After gaining custody of Said, Menshikov sent him to St. Petersburg in Russia, although Said also claims that he first went to Odessa on the Black Sea. Since slavery no longer existed in Russia (Hellie, 1982), Menshikov must have freed him before he arrived in St. Petersburg.