Contemporary shifts in thinking about settler power in terms of its dis/ continuity and in terms of non-white bodies reflect the impetus of the work of the Martinican anticolonial writer Frantz Fanon. ${ }^{3}$ Fanon's anticolonial description of a settler-native dichotomy defines the white French settler and the Algerian native as mutually constitutive products of the colonial system, in which the imposition of settler power refashions continental Africans as 'native' subjects of settler colonial power and its consolidation in the global political economy (Fanon, 1963, p. 36). Unlike the case of Algerians, however, the origin of the transformation of enslaved blacks into 'natives' is not strictly the imposition of white settler power, but of forced labour and forced diasporization onto Indigenous lands. Rather than a strict settler-native dialectic, in the Americas we find a dialectic of settlers: colonizing Europeans and enslaved blacks who function as involuntary settlers when they engage and adapt the techniques of settler power. For Standing Rock Sioux (born Yankton Sioux) scholar Vine Deloria Jr., both would share the same unique encumbrance: 'there is a profound difference between American Indians and all of these other groups. The Indian is indigenous and therefore does not have the psychological  
[^0]
[^0]:    2 All figures for the number of enslaved peoples are taken from Nellis, 2013.
3 For these shifts, see Mamdani, 2001; Farred, 2008.