signalled the end of an experiment which failed [...] not only because the Colonial Authorities in Jamaica and Nova Scotia were unable to reconcile their differences over the problems which emerged in the creation of the Maroon settlement, but also because the Maroons refused to adjust to living conditions in Nova Scotia (Hinds, 2001, p. 219; Lockett, 1999; Picart, 1996).  
The Atlantic Provinces emerged as a preferred destination for Black settlement in the late eighteenth century, and that trend would continue in the nineteenth century. According to Harvey Amani Whitfield, during the War of 1812, which pitted the British against their former colonies (the United States of America), some African Americans joined the British forces and were active in the Colonial Marines as soldiers, spies, messengers and guides (Whitfield, 2002). In 1814, as the war drew to a close, Vice-Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane issued a proclamation offering all residents of the United States of America who would join the British side a choice of military positions or transportation to a British colony - in the same way as the British had done during the American Revolution. While the offer was not restricted to enslaved African Americans, 3,500-3,600 joined the British lines and, according to Whitfield, 'by the end of 1818 approximately 2,000 had landed in Nova Scotia', while 400-500 went to New Brunswick (Spray, 1977; Whitfield, 2002, p. 33; Winks, 2000, pp. 114-141). In the wake of this mass migration, the American Government demanded the return of the formerly enslaved Americans or payment for their freedom: after a great deal of negotiation, in 1827, the British Government paid US\$1,204,960 for the enslaved African Americans removed during and after the war (Winks, 2000).