In this chapter, we will consider Madagascar as an example of the slave trade in the Indian Ocean. In doing so, we have drawn upon primary sources specifically from the Netherlands and France, the European nations that have had the strongest presence in Madagascar in the modern era. By studying innumerable journals, letters, reports, memoranda and other archived documents, we have been able to obtain invaluable information on the conditions of slavery and the responses of captives. Sources from European observers, who encountered resistance most frequently, provide a great deal of information on resistance movements in Madagascar, the Middle Passage of slave transportation and the destinations of Malagasy captives. From these sources, we learn much about the role of captives from Madagascar.