# Developing future diasporic paradigms  
The need to clarify the conceptual differences between the keywords 'diaspora' and 'transnationalism' occupies Harry Goulbourne's "Transnationalism, diasporas and the African diaspora: some theoretical considerations". In his chapter, Goulbourne examines these differences and provides figures that describe the transnational continuum and apex. He addresses how 'attempts to understand the growth of transnational communities across the globe are often interspersed with aspects of, or overlap with, our understanding of what constitutes the African diaspora'. He uses the Atlantic African diaspora as a case study for delineating the overlapping communities, asserting that, 'while there may be numerous transnational communities - both historical and contemporary - not all develop into diasporas, and while all diasporas are transnational communities, not all transnational communities are diasporas'.  
The Economics of the transatlantic African diaspora, by Joseph E. Inikori, co-editor of The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economies, Societies and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe (1992), demonstrates the impact that transatlantic slavery had on the economies of Africa, besides its large demographic shifting of African populations to the Americas. In other words, the 'employment of enslaved Africans in the Americas to produce commodities for Atlantic markets, in competition with West Africa's economies, raised the competitiveness of the Americas at the expense of West Africa [...] By the time transatlantic export of captives ended in [the] mid-nineteenth century, West African economies had fallen considerably behind those of the Americas'. The continued impact of enslavement is expressed in the ongoing economic difficulties for continental African nations and African-American families across the diaspora. These constitute the 'continuing legacy of slavery' and 'post-slavery institutionalized racial discrimination'.