The importance of the 'great waters', as well as the influence of their spirit inhabitants on the living in Central African cosmology, may have created a bridge with the medieval belief that linked Our Lady (especially of the Rosary) to the ocean waters (Kiddy, 2000, pp. 47-61). This phenomenon may have occurred in various regions, as suggested by the numerous representations of holy entities, saints and mermaids worshipped in the waters of the Atlantic, from coast to coast (Drewal, 2008). Loaded with many meanings and experiences, the transformation of the Lady of the Rosary into the Lady of Kalunga was not confined to the history of the brotherhoods. Confraternities of slaves, freedmen and free people of colour nevertheless played a fundamental role in the construction and propagation of devotions and the black experience in the Luso-African Atlantic.