5 For example: 'up-line/city' in the chapter by Sengova in Dixon-Fyle and Cole, 2006, p. 173.  
towards the 'returned' and their descendants, victims in 1898 of the rebellion against housing tax and indirect rule. Creole owners and traders were soon expelled from the protectorate, an agricultural hub and mineral reservoir, to which the British granted growing political representation (Ojukutu-Macauley and Rashid, 2013, pp. 136-137). ${ }^{6}$ The two world wars confirmed the decline of the Creoles. The 1947 constitution even asserted 'native' dominance over the legislative council of a colony by British subjects. An 'ethnic' polarization opposed the National Council of Sierra Leone, with its separatist ideology and opposition to exile (Ojukutu-Macauley and Rashid, 2013, p. 128), ${ }^{7}$ and the Sierra Leone People's Party, whose leader, Milton Margai, a nationalist prime minister, imposed taxes on the Creoles as a 'handful of foreigners to whom our ancestors gave refuge' (Ojukutu-Macauley and Rashid, 2013, p. 146). ${ }^{8}$  
Although the question of return at the heart of English and Nova Scotian evangelism (Sidbury, 2007, pp. 67-129) quickly faded, the narrative about Creoles, and about those who identified as such, remained haunted by nonIndigenousness, the right to the land and the right to power. Independence in 1961 rendered the colony/protectorate's political identity invalid, although a segregated land tenure system was maintained in the 'provinces' (OjukutuMacauley and Rashid, 2013, p. 68). ${ }^{9}$