# Africology  
Africology - commonly known as Afrocentricity - became popularized under the leadership of Molefi Kete Asante at Temple University, the first institution to offer a Ph.D. in black studies in 1987. It represented a continuation of the cultural and idealist notions of pan-Africanism articulated by stalwarts, including Paul Cuffe, Una Marson, Martin Delany, Alexander Crummell, Audley Moore, Henry McNeal Turner, Dara Abubakari, Marcus Garvey, and Amy Jacques Garvey. Additionally, Africology built upon debates, starting in the late 1960s,  
between scholar-activists, including John Henrik Clarke, Maulana Karenga, and Theophile J. Obenga. Books written by Asante, including Afrocentricity: The Theory of Social Change (1980), The Afrocentric Idea (1987), and Kemet, Knowledge, and Afrocentricity (1990), along with Ama Mazama's The Afrocentric Paradigm (2002), Marimba Ani's Yurugu: An African-Centered Critique of European Cultural Thought and Behavior (1994), and Karenga's Introduction to Black Studies (1982), established the Afrocentric epistemology.