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Cohen, R. 1967. The Kanuri of Borno. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
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Gomez, M. 2005. Black Crescent: The Experience and Legacy of African Muslims in the Americas. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.  
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Horn P. E. 2012. Coercions, Conversions, Subversions: The Nineteenth-Century Slave Narratives of Omar ibn Said, Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua, and Nicholas Said. a|b: Auto/Biography Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 45-66.