31 D'Avezac, Notice, p. 23 and Lloyd, "Osifekunde," p. 237.
32 See Sue Peabody and Tyler Stovall, eds. 2003, The Color of Liberty: Histories of Race in France, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.
33 D'Avezac, Notice, p. 23 and Lloyd, "Osifekunde," p. 237. The rooming house might belong to the Quesnel Brothers whose vast housing estates are well documented. See Champy, "De l'Andelle au Vexin normand," pp. 10-14.
34 D'Avezac, Notice, p. 23 and Lloyd, "Osifekunde," p. 237.  
during the second half of the 1830s. The period 1837 to 1839 was the coldest during the 1830s and compared only to 1830, described as the coldest since the mid-fifteenth century. ${ }^{35}$ He also had not been in France long enough to learn French. D'Avezac noted he communicated with Osifekunde in Creole Portuguese, yet their conversation was slow and prolonged, suggesting he spoke a Creole version of Brazilian Portuguese, his second language. A poor level of French would have made it more difficult for him to socialize, build relationships, and maintain employment, and would have increased his loneliness and misery. The fact that he changed jobs during his short stay could indicate his difficulty in communicating. As he was already about 40 years old, he must have been discouraged that the situation would not improve quickly. Finally, he had a family; including a son, in Brazil that he was attached to and desired to see.