These and other discussions on the global and Atlantic contexts of the returns were given a special arena for discussion during a symposium held in Cape Town in 2008, the sole subject of which was the history of the returnees from Brazil and their communities. This meeting led to the publication of a book, bringing together pieces from several African and Brazilian scholars, which was published the following year by the Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society (CASAS) with several contributions (Prah, 2009).