The next momentous revolt occurred on Sunday 9 September 1739, in Stono, South Carolina, a colony where the enslaved population outnumbered whites. The revolt's leader was Jemmy (also called Cato) from present day Angola. The group broke into a store to get guns, marched with drums and banners and recruited over ninety people. They engaged the militia, which resulted in several deaths among the Africans, but they regrouped and a number of them tried to reach Saint Augustine, Florida, then a Spanish territory that offered freedom to runaways from the British colonies. In the end, about twentythree whites and forty-four blacks were killed. Although the revolt was not successful, it instilled dread in the colonists throughout the Thirteen Colonies. The following year, South Carolina - followed by Georgia - passed a drastic slave code, which increased the control of enslaved people, took manumission from planters' hands, placing it with the legislature, and banned drumming (Smith, 2005; Hoffer, 2010).  
Two years later, in the spring of 1741, after a series of fires engulfed parts of Lower Manhattan, a 'Negro Plot' was discovered that led to the arrest of 152 enslaved and free blacks including at least 11 men and one woman with Akan names, and 20 whites. After a series of trials, 17 black men, two white women and two white men were hanged; 14 blacks were burned at the stake; and  
seventy - who confessed to having been part of the plot in order to be spared execution - were transported to various colonies and countries. Some historians doubt the reality of the conspiracy; others interpret it as typically African; while still others see in it a multiracial movement of the dispossessed (Lepore, 2005; Harris, 2003; Linebaugh and Rediker, 2000).