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Hofmeyr, I. 2007. The Black Atlantic Meets the Indian Ocean: Forging New Paradigms of Transnationalism for the Global South - Literary and Cultural Perspectives. Social Dynamics, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 3-32.  
Horton M. and Middleton, J. 2000. The Swabili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Society. Oxford, UK, Malden, Mass., Blackwell Publishers.  
Hourani, G. F. 1995. Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times, Expanded Edition. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
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Keay, J. 2005. The Spice Route: A History. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press.
Larson, P. 2009. Ocean of Letters: Language and Creolization in an Indian Ocean Diaspora. New York, Cambridge University Press.  
Lombard, D. and Aubin, J. (eds). 2000. Asian Merchants and Businessmen in the Indian Ocean and the China Sea. New York, Oxford University Press.  
Manji, F. and Marks, S. (eds). 2007. African Perspectives on China in Africa. Cape Town, South Africa, Nairobi, Oxford, UK, Fahamu.  
Margariti, R. E. 2007. Aden and the Indian Ocean Trade: 150 Years in the Life of a Medieval Arabian Port. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Press.