Georgia or Mississippi. Some had escaped to safety aided by abolitionists: Henry 'Box' Brown, for instance, was assisted by local allies in arranging to have himself shipped in a crate from Richmond, Virginia, to abolitionists in Philadelphia, for example - a journey that took 27 hours (Brown, 1851). Many of the best known nineteenth-century narrators, however, reached freedom on their own or through less organized channels. Frederick Douglass, for instance, fled Maryland via Pennsylvania with the help of a free black woman and journeyed with forged 'free papers' until he reached New York (Douglass, 1845); Harriet Jacobs hid for seven years in her freed grandmother's attic in North Carolina before fleeing to Philadelphia from whence, helped by abolitionists, she managed to reach New York (Jacobs, 1861); and perhaps the most notable fugitives from the Deep South, Ellen and William Craft, escaped from Georgia by train and then steamboat, with Ellen disguised as a sickly white male slaveholder and William as his manservant - the ruse worked, in spite of more than one close call, and they arrived in Philadelphia where they were encouraged by abolitionists to tell their story publicly (Craft, 1860). ${ }^{2}$