| East coast | 1 |
| Inhambane | 2 |
| Mozambique | 75 |
| Quelimane | 7 |
| Sena (captain) | 1 |
| Unspecified locations | 4 |
| Unspecified or illegible origins | 6 |  
Table 1 by Jaime Rodrigues.
Source: National Archives/Torre do Tombo (Lisbon), "LIVRO 1. MATRÍCULA DE EQUIPAGENS DE NAVIOS", Junta do Comércio, liv. 1, PT/TT/JC/A-D/6/1, Imagem cedida pelo ANTT.  
Yet compulsory or voluntary engagement of Africans in long-range sailing was not a rule without exceptions. Although they did have some nautical experience, the Bubi of Fernando Póo neither were employed as sailors, nor did they assist European slave traders while the island was under Portuguese rule, which ended in the third quarter of the eighteenth century (Brilhante, 2009, p. 71). After the transfer of sovereignty to the Spanish in 1777, contact between the two was limited and somewhat cold as a result of the Bubi's refusal to trade with the new invaders (Sundiata, 1973, pp. 794-804; Vansina, 2010). Although the list is far from exhaustive, a final reference must be made to the Cabo Verdeans - known as lançados or tangomãos by the Portuguese - who, since the sixteenth century, had been regularly navigating the coasts of the Gulf of Guinea. Employed as pioneers in the teaching of the local languages, these men also assisted in the creation of opportunities for communication and trade in West Africa, for both the Portuguese and the populations living on the African coast (Nafafé, 2007, p. 133). In Cabo Verde and at the mouth of the Gambia River, Europeans recruited both lançados and captains to steer their African trade ships (Law and Mann, 1999, p. 334).