From about 1820, enslaved people from Yorubaland, mostly from Oyo, Owu, and areas bordering the kingdom of Dahomey, began to predominate in northeastern Brazil, especially in the province of Bahia, where they were called Nago. One reason for the expansion of slavery in Brazil in the early nineteenth century was the growth of coffee and sugarcane plantations in Minas Gerais, Maranhão, and Bahia. By the mid-1830s, they formed the largest cohort of enslaved Africans in the region. The demographic surge partly underpinned a series of Yoruba-led slave revolts, the most significant of which took place in 1835 when a group of mostly Yoruba Muslims led an uprising that killed some planters before the Bahian police suppressed it. In the aftermath of the revolt many enslaved people were arrested and sentenced to punishments ranging from death to imprisonment and flogging. To prevent a re-occurrence the administration also decided to expel liberated Africans, whether they participated in the revolt, or not. The crackdown resulted in a flood of African ex-enslaved people leaving Bahia for West Africa between 1835 and 1850. Others who did not return to Africa left Bahia, sometime later sold in the south to new owners in Rio de Janeiro or momentarily moved by slavers.