The connections between continental and Caribbean feminist activism point to a long historical consciousness. During the early 1990s, feminists on the continent were inspired by the success of colleagues establishing gender and development studies at the University of the West Indies. This informed the establishment of the African Gender Institute (AGI) and its success. Apart from adding women and gender studies to the University of Cape Town curriculum, AGI convened a continent-wide programme to strengthen gender studies and research. The AGI strategy brought African departments and centres into a re-engagement with feminist movements around pedagogic and curriculum work to advance feminist agendas within and beyond the African academy. Relationships between African and Caribbean feminists have been sustained through exchange visits and mutual invitations, and the establishment of the African gender studies journal Feminist Africa in 2002 informed the establishment of the Caribbean Feminist Review five years later, in 2007. ${ }^{10}$  
Between the 1980s and the present day, African feminists on the continent and in the diaspora have been able to mobilize resources to establish NGOs and programmes for women. This has enabled the formation of thousands of women's organizations carrying out advocacy, training, information and resource work, and significant outreach to women in remote and disadvantaged communities.