This resulted in a significant increase in the migration of Afrodescendants, which was even more marked after 1967 as a result of a change in the immigration policy to the 'points system' which calculated - and continues to calculate - the eligibility of potential immigrants according to optimal working age, educational achievement and occupational experience. According to some scholars, the policy change highlighted the fact that Afrodescendant migrants constituted the most educated and highly skilled of any immigrant group (Macionis, 1999; Mensah, 2010). However, despite their qualifications and despite Canada's claims of tolerance and progressivism, persons of African descent in Canada often experience anti-Black racism and discrimination that create difficulties in finding decent housing or jobs at their levels of qualification and result in their being treated with suspicion and hostility by significant segments of Canadian society. Indeed, few Black people would argue with Cecil Foster's description of Canadian racism, as 'racism with a smile on its face' (Foster, 1996, p. 14).