[^0]
[^0]:    16 The decision of the Maroons, as soon as they arrived, to fight the Nova Scotian rebellion against the abuse of the Sierra Leone Company, remains insufficiently explained. Land and Schocket (2008) call it a "surprising twist".
17 Chapter by Cole.
18 Notably after the destruction of Freetown in 1794 and in response to the rent collection project (quitrent) in 1800 (Sidbury 2007, p. 107, p. 127).
19 Chapter by Cole.
20 http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/2/11-090886/en/ 2007 numerals. See White 1987, pp. 49-51, in which the author mentions the admission of Krio traders into the Bundu without discussion of FGM (female genital mutilation).  
who throughout his life resided in England, Germany, the Gold Coast and the United States of America. He brought to London a petition that allowed the return of 1,000 Nova Scotians to Sierra Leone (Shama, 2005, p. 468); Adelaide Casely-Hayford (1868-1960) was a member of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and founded a girls' school in Freetown. A fraction of the Sierra Leonean elite, including some Krios, had prepared for independence by training in Europe ${ }^{21}$ or the United States; refugees from the civil war followed.  
However, these expatriates and their descendants acquired a transnational identity without rejecting the concept of nation or of return (Mitchell, 1997, pp. 533-540), unlike the anti-hegemonic presuppositions associated with hybridity. Associations, congregations (Ashcroft, 2015) and social networks of Sierra Leonean diasporic communities in exile were eager to participate in the national reconstruction: thus the Leonenet forum served as a virtual nation during the war (Tynes, 2007, p. 498; Ojukutu-Macauley and Rashid, 2013, p. 71). ${ }^{22}$ In addition to financial aid - which has been increasing since the Ebola virus disease outbreak from 2014 to $2016^{23}$ - were skill transfers, including annual visits by Sierra Leonean medical staff based in the United Kingdom to schools and hospitals ${ }^{24}$ of their native country.