Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that answer the question.
Query: How far can a radio station broadcast?
VHF Radio waves do not travel far beyond the visual horizon, so reception distances for FM stations are usually limited to 30–40miles (50–65km) They can also be blocked by hills or buildings.
WCMC carries the live radio broadcast of the Philadelphia Phillies. Prior to 2010, the station carried an Adult Standards format and featured programming from ABC Radio/Citadel Media's Timeless satellite feed. In 2010, the station began simulcasting sister station WMID. WCMC can be heard clearly as far south as Ocean City, MD, and as far north as Wilmington, DE.
WZID (95.7 FM) is an American radio station with an Adult contemporary format. WZID is located at 500 Commercial Street in Manchester, New Hampshire. Its signal can be heard as far south as the Massachusetts Turnpike, as far east as southern Maine and as far west as Vermont. WZID also broadcasts in HD Radio.
63 radio stations operate within range of Dallas. The city of Dallas operates WRR 101.1 FM, the area's main classical music station, from city offices in Fair Park. Its original sister station, licensed as WRR-AM in 1921, is the oldest commercially operated radio station in Texas and the second-oldest in the United States, after KDKA (AM) in Pittsburgh. Because of the city's central geographical position and lack of nearby mountainous terrain, high-power class A medium-wave stations KRLD and WBAP can broadcast as far as southern Canada at night and can be used for emergency messages when broadcasting is down in other major metropolitan areas in the United States.
WBUL-FM (98.1 FM, "The Bull") is one of four country music FM radio stations serving the Lexington, Kentucky radio market. The station broadcasts with an ERP of 100,000 watts, with a 100-mile broadcasting radius. The station is heard as far south as London, as far east as Grayson, as far north as Cincinnati and as far west as Louisville. iHeartMedia, Inc. currently owns the station. WBUL-FM is the third station broadcasting HD Radio in Lexington along with WUKY, and WKQQ.
Radio Borders is a radio station broadcasting to the Scottish Borders and North Northumberland from studios in Tweedbank, just outside Galashiels. The station can be heard across much of the Scottish Borders and North Northumberland and can be heard as far north as Gorebridge in Midlothian and as far south as Langholm and Canonbie in Dumfries & Galloway.
KDVS (90.3 FM) is an American student and community radio station based in Davis, California. Featuring a freeform programming format, the station is owned by Regents of the University of California. Broadcasting at 13,000 watts, it is currently one of the most powerful freeform university based radio stations in the United States. With a good enough car radio the station can be heard as far east as Lake Tahoe.
The use of automation software and voice tracks to replace live DJs is a current trend in radio broadcasting, done by many Internet radio and adult hits stations. Stations can even be voice-tracked from another city far away, now often delivering sound files over the Internet. In the U.S., this is a common practice under controversy for making radio more generic and artificial. Having local content is also touted as a way for traditional stations to compete with satellite radio, where there may be no radio personality on the air at all.
A commercially available, for-sale product named Audicom was introduced by Oscar Bonello in 1989. It is based on psychoacoustic lossy compression, the same principle being used in most modern lossy audio encoders such as MP3 and Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), and it allowed both broadcast automation and recording to hard drives.
WLDN is an FM radio station owned by Synergy Media and is licensed to Ludington, Michigan. WLDN broadcasts from studios in Ludington, Michigan along with sister stations WKLA, WWMN, WKZC, WMLQ, and WWKR. It runs a news/talk/sports format and can be heard as far north as Copemish, Michigan, as far east as Reed City, Michigan, and as far south as Whitehall, Michigan. Under certain conditions, it can be heard in parts of northeastern Wisconsin and in Traverse City, Michigan. However, WLDN encounters heavy interference to the south from WFGR, which also broadcasts on 98.7 from Grand Rapids, Michigan.
In broadcasting, altitude AGL has relatively little direct bearing on the broadcast range of a station. Rather, it is HAAT (the height above the average terrain (in the surrounding area)) which is used to determine how far a broadcast station (or any other sort of VHF or higher radio-frequency) transmission will travel.
Eastside Radio (callsign 2RES) is a community radio station based in Paddington, Sydney, and broadcasting to the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney and the greater Sydney area, where it can be heard as far west as the Blue Mountains. High density broadcast areas include the municipalities of Botany Bay, Randwick, Waverley, Woollahra the City of Sydney and the metropolitan Inner West. The station can also be heard around the world via online streaming.
CHRB (1140 AM, "AM 1140 Radio") is a radio station broadcasting Christian programming news/sports and community radio format. Licensed to High River, Alberta, it serves southern Alberta. It first began broadcasting in 1977 at 1280 kHz before moving to its current dial position in 1996. The station is currently owned by Golden West Broadcasting. It can be heard as far as Northwestern Oregon at night. CHRB is a Class B station broadcasting on a clear-channel frequency with daytime power of 50,000 watts, and nighttime power of 46,000 watts; a directional antenna is used at all times. Its Class B status indicates that it is not a clear-channel station, but it does broadcast on the clear-channel frequency of 1140 AM, on which Class A status is shared by Mexico and The U.S.
Smooth North East is a regional radio station owned by Communicorp and operated by Global Radio as part of the Smooth radio network. It broadcasts to North East England from studios in Newcastle. The station was designed to cover Newcastle and the surrounding areas, Sunderland, Durham, Darlington and Middlesbrough. It can also be heard across much of North Yorkshire as far south as Northallerton, as far north as Morpeth and as far west as Haltwhistle in Northumberland.
WKII (1070 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a sports format. Licensed to Solana, Florida, United States, the station serves the greater Charlotte County area, but can be heard as far north as Tampa and as far south as Key West. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. The station was founded in 1986 by Kneller Broadcasting of Charlotte County. Under the leadership of Kneller Broadcasting, Wkii was a full service radio station with major community involvement. Former air personalities include Jack Mihall (now deceased) and Charlie Shoe.
WBCV(107.9 FM, "The Big Cheese") is a radio station broadcasting a rock hits format. Licensed to Wausau, Wisconsin, United States, the station serves the Wausau-Stevens Point area. The station is currently owned by NRG Media, LLC. Its 100,000 watt signal can be heard as far west as Eau Claire, as far south as Portage, as far east as Manitowoc, and as far north as Ironwood. Under certain conditions, it can be heard as far east as Manistee, Traverse City, and Ludington
WJPD (92.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Ishpeming, Michigan broadcasting a country music format. It serves the Marquette area. It can be heard as far east as Newberry, as far north as Thunder Bay, as far west as Bergland, and as far south as Ludington.
The final leg of broadcast distribution is how the signal gets to the listener or viewer. It may come over the air as with a radio station or television station to an antenna and radio receiver, or may come through cable television or cable radio (or "wireless cable") via the station or directly from a network. The Internet may also bring either internet radio or streaming media television to the recipient, especially with multicasting allowing the signal and bandwidth to be shared. The term "broadcast network" is often used to distinguish networks that broadcast an over-the-air television signals that can be received using a tuner (television) inside a television set with a television antenna from so-called networks that are broadcast only via cable television (cablecast) or satellite television that uses a dish antenna. The term "broadcast television" can refer to the television programs of such networks.
WTRV (100.5 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station broadcasting a gold-leaning soft adult contemporary radio format. The station is licensed to Walker, Michigan, and serves the Grand Rapids metropolitan area radio market. WTRV is a Class A station, so it is limited to 3,000 watts. Its signal can be heard as far south as Otsego, far east as Ionia, and as far north as Fremont.
WRMR (98.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a modern rock format. Licensed to Jacksonville, North Carolina, United States, the station serves the Wilmington, North Carolina. Since October 2008, the station has been owned by Sunrise Broadcasting, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Capitol Broadcasting Inc of Raleigh, North Carolina, according to FCC filings. the signal can heard far south Myrtle Beach far west as Fayetteville
The station has an effective radiated power of 5,000 watts, but the height above average terrain of the station is 452 meters (1484 feet), meaning the station broadcasts farther than a typical 5,000 watt radio station that broadcasts at normal height. As a result, the station can be heard as far as Charleston, West Virginia.
KOCI-LP (101.5 FM) is a low-power FM radio station branded as "101.5 KOCI". This station is broadcasting a Classic rock music format. This station is licensed to Newport Beach, California and is broadcasting to the Orange County area. It can be heard in Costa Mesa, and can reach as far as Westminster, Garden Grove, and Tustin.
WMNP (99.3 FM, "Mixx 99.3") is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Block Island, Rhode Island. The station is owned by 3G Broadcasting, Inc. Its studio is located in Newport, Rhode Island. WMNP broadcasts a Top 40 music format to Southern Rhode Island and parts of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and can be reached as far west as Groton, Connecticut; as far east as portions of Cape Cod; and as far north as suburban Worcester, Massachusetts.
Other structures besides horns have been used to couple radio waves into and out of Goubau lines; waves can be "launched" from planar structures like tapered coplanar waveguides at much higher frequencies, into the terahertz band. The dimension of the single metallic conductor is then typically 1 µm.
The Goubau line conducts energy via one-dimensional electromagnetic surface waves, analogous to the two-dimensional surface waves called ground waves that carry the signal from MF AM broadcasting stations to home AM radios. The ability of surface waves to bend and follow the contour of a conductor explains why AM radio stations can be received on the far side of hills, and how over-the-horizon radar works.
WUMR (91.7 FM, "U92 The Jazz Lover") is a radio station broadcasting a jazz music format. Licensed to Memphis, Tennessee, United States, the station is currently owned by The University of Memphis.WUMR is a section of the College of Communication and Fine Arts as part of the Department of Communication. WUMR is managed by a staff/faculty member of the Department of Communication with the title of General Manager. The station is staffed by students of the Communication and Journalism and Strategic Media departments of the University, but on-air broadcasting experience is open to all students, and even community volunteers. WUMR is a training ground for the broadcasters of the future, and has opportunities for students to learn many of the important technical aspects of the broadcast field, as well as learning how to speak professionally on the radio, and in public. The student staff of WUMR consists of a student Program Director, Production Director, News Director, Sports Director, Director of Underwriting, and Webmaster. WUMR is a non-commercial/educational station, and cannot air commercials, but as with public radio stations, WUMR can sell sponsorships known as underwriting. The range of WUMR is a 90-mile radius of Memphis, TN and the station can also be heard online through its Internet stream at wumr.memphis.edu. Comments and information can be referenced on Facebook.WUMR Operator's Handbook 2011
WXKT (103.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Variety Hits format as "103.7 Chuck FM". Licensed to Maysville, Georgia, it serves the Gainesville area and can generally be heard as far west as Doraville and as far south as Athens. It first began broadcasting in 1989 under the call sign WBIC. It is currently owned by Cox Radio.