Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that answer the question.
Query: What year was Abel Posse born?
Abel Parentini Posse, best known as Abel Posse (Córdoba, Argentina, January 7, 1934), is an Argentine novelist, essayist, poet, career diplomat and politician.
Amongst his teachers, the orientalist philosopher Vicente Fatone stands out as an influential figure, awakening in Posse an interest in esoteric philosophy which is evident in several of his novels, especially in Los demonios ocultos and El viajero de Agartha. In 1943, at age 13, Posse launched himself into his first literary project (never completed), a novel set in imperial Rome. (11)
Niels Henrik Abel was born in Nedstrand, Norway, as the second child of the pastor Søren Georg Abel and Anne Marie Simonsen. When Niels Henrik Abel was born, the family was living at a rectory on Finnøy. Much suggests that Niels Henrik was born in the neighboring parish, as his parents were guests of the bailiff in Nedstrand in July / August of his year of birth.
Reading the words of "And Cain spoke to Abel his brother," a Midrash imagined the subject of their discussion. The Midrash taught that they divided the world between them. The first took the land and the second took the movables. The first told the second that he was standing on the first's land. The second retorted that the first was wearing the second's clothes. The second told the first to strip off his clothes. The first retorted that the second should fly off his ground. Out of this quarrel, as reports, "Cain rose up against his brother Abel." Rabbi Joshua of Siknin said in Rabbi Levi's name, however, that Cain and Abel quarreled because one said that the Temple would have to be built in his area, while the other claimed that it would have to be built in his. For says, "And it came to pass, when they were in the field," and "field" refers to the Temple, as equates the two when it says, "Zion (that is, the Temple) shall be plowed as a field." Out of this argument (in the words of ), "Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him." Judah the son of Rabbi, however, said that their quarrel was about the first Eve. But Rabbi Aibu said that the first Eve had by then returned to dust. Rav Huna taught that Cain and Abel quarreled over an additional twin daughter who was born with Abel, whom each brother claimed for his own. Cain said that he would have her, because he was the firstborn, while Abel maintained that he would have to have her, because she was born with him.
Reading the words of "And Cain rose up against his brother Abel," Rabbi Johanan taught that Abel was stronger than Cain, for the expression "rose up" implies that Cain lay beneath Abel (as if they had already fought and Abel had thrown Cain down). From the ground, Cain asked Abel what he would tell their father if Abel killed him. At this, Abel was filled with pity for Cain and relented, and immediately Cain rose against Abel and killed him. Out of that incident was born the proverb, "Do not do good to an evil man, then evil will not befall you."
Abel Posse was posted to Peru in 1969 and appointed cultural secretary of the embassy in Lima. For him Peru represented the discovery of Inca culture, the “revelation of the Americas” (23) which compelled him to identify himself with his creole roots of North-Western Argentina (24). A visit to Machu Picchu inspired a long poem of 240 verses, Celebración de Machu Picchu, which he wrote in Cuzco in 1970 and published much later in Venice in 1977. Also in 1970 he wrote his most ambitious poetical piece, Celebración del desamparo, which was amongst the finalists of the Maldoror Poetry Prize although Posse decided against publishing it. In those years he read José María Arguedas and the great Cuban stylists: Alejo Carpentier, Lezama Lima and Severo Sarduy. He also researched the life of Argentina's national independence hero, General José de San Martín, and in 1971 was admitted to the Instituto Sanmartiniano de Lima. In Peru he also wrote his second novel, La boca del tigre (1971), inspired by his personal experiences in the Soviet Union. This novel, clearly influenced by Ernesto Sabato's neo-realist style of fiction, helped the author to articulate his distrust of the overbearing ideologies of the time, in order to criticize the exercise of power in the contemporary world and to reflect on the place of the individual in that historical juncture. This thematic concern foreshadowed the ideas about history in his later novel Daimon. La boca del tigre, which received the third National Prize of Argentine Literature, hints at his initial musings on the notion of Amerincaness (americanidad). (25) The influence that the Argentine philosopher and anthropologist Rodolfo Günther Kusch would have on Posse's fiction and indeed his own worldview after his encounter with him and his readings of La seducción de la babarie (1953) and América profunda (1962). Consequently, Kusch's thought on the fundamental ontological and cultural antagonism between the West's homo faber with the americano “man of being” and the symbiotic relationship of Amerindians with the Cosmos (“the Open”) was to become a leitmotif in Posse's work, and particularly in his “Trilogy of the Discovery of America”.
The imagination of the young Posse was awakened and nurtured by the father's personal library. (7) When he was eight he wrote and illustrated little books he would sell to his grandmother, who lived in the same apartment complex. (8) He undertook his primary education at the Colegio La Salle (9) and his secondary education between 1946 and 1952 at the prestigious Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires. (10) During these formative years in his intellectual development he began close friendships with people who would usher him into Buenos Aires literary circles, such as Rogelio Bazán, the translator of Georg Trakl. Posse would later dedicate a poetic tribute to the German bard.
Waldemer, Thomas, «Tyranny, writing and memory in Abel Posse’s Daimón», en Cincinnati Romance Review, Cincinnati, OH, 1997, n.º 16, p.1-7.
Abel was born in Maryland on July 25 to Delila Williams and Andrew Abel. It is unclear what year he was born. Some sources put the year at 1808, others at 1810. Abel's mother was a slave from South Carolina, and his family later moved to Canada, possibly by way of the underground railroad. He was baptized into the church in September 1832 by Ezekiel Roberts. Soon after, Abel moved to Kirtland, Ohio to live with the main body of Latter-day Saints.
Martín Heidegger, El sendero del campo, traducción de Sabine Langenheim y Abel Posse, Rosario: Editorial La Ventana, 1979, 58 p.
George Ogden Abell was born in Los Angeles California on March 27, 1927 to Theodore C. Abell and Annamarie (Ogden) Abell. Theodore Abell was born in Waterbury, Connecticut in 1890, was a Unitarian minister, and was one of the original members of the Hollywood Humanist Society. Annamarie was born in Kansas City, Missouri in 1896, and studied to be a librarian, worked for a short while as a librarian but eventually became a social worker. George Ogden Abell was named for his mother's brother, George Ogden.
In 2008, "Social Responsibility" was chosen as the first PossePlus Retreat theme. Following years' PPR themes have been "Education" (2009), "Do we still need to talk about race?" (2010), "The Millenials" (2011), "Born This Way? Gender and Sexuality in the 21st Century" (2012), "What's Your Worth? Class, Power and Privilege in America" (2013), "Revolt? Rethink? Reform?" (2014), "Crime and Punishment" (2015), "Sticks and Stones: Language and Speech in a Diverse Society" (2016), "Us Vs. Them" (2017) and "Hope, Hate and Race in the United States" (2018).As of 2016 the Posse Foundation had assets of $83,256,943.
Søren Georg Abel enrolled as a student of Lutheran theology in 1788 and graduated as cand.theol. in 1792. In 1794 he was hired as chaplain under his father, who was vicar in "Gierestad og Wegaardsheien" parish. As Abel maintained ties with Peder Hansen, bishop of Agder, Hansen suggested that Abel be appointed vicar in Bygland in 1798. This never materialized, but Abel was appointed vicar in Findøe the next year. Regarding this position as a stepping stone, in 1801 Abel unsuccessfully applied for the vicarships in Sigdal, Holle and Aas. He remained in Findøe, and Niels Henrik Abel was born there in 1802.
Abel Parentini Posse was born on 7 January 1934, in the Argentine city of Córdoba where he only lived the first two years of his life.[1] Two years after birth the family moved to the capital city of Buenos Aires due to his father's work commitments. His mother, Elba Alicia Posse, belonged to the creole landed oligarchy of Galician descent who held vast sugar mill estates in the North West province of Tucuman. Amongst the influential members of the Posse clan in the 19th century, the liberal Julio Argentino Roca stands out, twice president of the republic from 1880 to 1886 and also 1898 to 1904 (3). Posse fictionalized 19th century Tucuman in his novel El inquietante día de la vida (2001), where two distant family relatives are the protagonists; his maternal great-grandfather, Felipe Segundo Posse, and Julio Victor Posse, patron of the arts in the sugar producing province until the 1940s.
Abel Bosum was born the oldest of 11 children of his mother Lucy Busom. He was born on an island on Dore Lake in Northern Quebec. His father, Cypien Caron, was a French-Canadian from Quebec City who had a relationship with Lucy Busom in her settlement near Chibougamau, Quebec. His mother Lucy was not allowed to marry his father because of the traditional values of their community and so Abel Bosum would not meet his biological father until he was 53 years old. Abel Bosum's stepfather, Sam Neepoosh, would act as his father figure during his early years until Neepoosh passed away when Abel Bosum was 14 years old in 1969.
Abel Posse's only son, Ivan, was born in Moscow in January 1967. At this time in the Russian capital he also finished writing his first novel, Los bogavantes, set in Paris and Seville, centered on a trio of characters, two of whom are students and one a Foreign Service employee, embodying the ideological tensions of the early 1960s. This neo-realist novel played an important part in his literary career. Under the pseudonym of Arnaut Daniel, Posse submitted it to the 1968 Planeta Prize. It featured amongst the four finalists, and although it had been virtually declared the winner by the judges José Manuel de Lara and Baltasar Porcel, under Francoist pressure the judges had to overturn their decision, due to some charged erotic scenes, but above all because of its critical and ironical references to the regime's military. Once it had been published in 1970 by Editorial Brújula in Argentina, thanks to the support of Ernesto Sabato and Posse's father, and after it received the Sash of Honour of the SADE, Los bogavantes was later published in Barcelona in 1975 where it was the object of Francoist censorship. All 5000 copies were purged of two pages which ridiculed the masculinity of army officers. This singular publishing episode (22) brought him under the attention of those who were the leading literary publishers of the time, Carlos Barral and Carmen Balcells; the latter would become his literary agent.
Página oficial de Abel Posse: Sáinz de Medrano, Luis (coord.), Abel Posse. Semana de author, AECI: Madrid, 1997. Abel Posse en la Audiovdeoteca de Buenos Aires: Aínsa, Fernando, La nueva novela histórica latinoamericana, México: Plural, 1996, p.82-85. Aracil Varón, Beatriz, Abel Posse: de la crónica al mito de América, Cuadernos de América sin nombre n.º 9, Universidad de Alicante, 2004. Esposto, Roberto, Peregrinaje a los Orígenes. “Civilización y barbarie” en las novelas de Abel Posse, New México: Research University Press, 2005. Esposto, Roberto, Abel Posse. Senderos de un caminante solitario. Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2013. Filer, Malva, «La visión de América en la Obra de Abel Posse», en Spiller, Roland (Ed.), La novela Argentina de los años 80, Lateinamerika Studien, Erlangen, vol. 29, 1991, p.99-117. Lojo, María Rosa, «Poéticas del viaje en la Argentina actual», en Kohut, Karl (Ed.), Literaturas del Río de la Plata hoy. De las utopías al desencanto, Madrid-Frankfurt, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 1996, p.135-143. Magras, Romain, «L’intellectuel face à la célébration du (bi)centenaire de la Nation argentine. Regards croisés sur les figures de Leopoldo Lugones et Abel Posse», en Regards sur deux siècles d’indépendance: significations du bicentenaire en Amérique Latine, Cahiers ALHIM, n.º 19, Université Paris 8, 2010, p.205-220. Maturo, Graciela, «Interioridad e Historia en El largo atardecer del caminante de Abel Posse», en América: recomienzo de la Historia. La lectura auroral de la Historia en la novela hispanoamericana, Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2010, p.87-100. Menton, Seymour, «La denuncia del poder. Los perros del paraíso», en La nueva novela histórica, México: FCE, 1993, p.102-128. Pons, María Cristina, «El secreto de la historia y el regreso de la novela histórica», en Historia crítica de la literatura Argentina. La narración gana la partida, Buenos Aires, Emecé Editores, 2000, p.97-116. Pulgarín Cuadrado, Amalia, «La reescritura de la historia: Los perros del paraíso de Abel Posse», en Metaficción historiográfica en la narrativa hispánica posmodernista, Madrid: Fundamentos, 1995, p.57-106. Sáinz de Medrano, Luis, «Abel Posse, la búsqueda de lo absoluto», Anales de literatura hispanoamericana, n.º 21, Editorial Complutense, Madrid, 1992, p.467-480. Sánchez Zamorano, J.A., Aguirre: la cólera de la historia. Aproximación a la «nueva novela latinoamericana» a través de la narrativa de Abel Posse, Universidad de Sevilla, 2002. Vega, Ana María, «Daimón, de Abel Posse. Un camino hacia la identidad latinoamericana», Los Andes, Mendoza, 9 de enero de 1990, p.3-4. Waldegaray, Marta Inés, «La experiencia de la escritura en la novelística de Abel Posse», en Travaux et Documents, n.º 22, Université Paris 8, 2003, p.117-132.
Copenhagen (2001–2002) In 2001 Posse published El inquietante día de la vida, which received the Literary Prize of the Argentine Academy of Letters for the period 1998-2001. The protagonist is Felipe Segundo Posse, based on a real life ancestor of his who was heir to a vast estate of sugar mills in Tucuman province in the late 19th century. The story begins when he is diagnosed with tuberculosis and decides to abandon his family by travelling to Buenos Aires and then on to Egypt in search of the poet Rimbaud. The novel also fictionalizes historical characters like Domingo F. Sarmiento, Julio A. Roca and Nicolás Avellaneda while celebrating Argentina's development at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.
Madrid (2002–2004) After a brief posting at UNESCO in Paris, Posse was appointed by President Duhalde Argentine ambassador to Spain. This was a hugely important posting, particularly due to the aftermath of the 2001 Argentine financial collapse, as this country was the main destination of Argentine migrants of Spanish descent. At the time Posse witnessed the deadly terrorist attacks in the Spanish capital on 11 March 2004. Deeply concerned by the crisis facing Argentina, Posse increased his opinion pieces in La Nación, defending regional integration, national sovereignty, and appealing to national reconstruction by evoking the memory of national figures such as Sarmiento and Evita. In 2003 he published another collection of political articles, El eclipse argentino. De la enfermedad colectiva al renacimiento, a work which attempts to outlay a blueprint for a national project. Once Néstor Kirchner assumed power, several media outlets pronounced Posse as the preferred candidate as foreign affairs minister, given his diplomatic experience, his age and his key posting in Spain. The journalist and former Montonero militant Miguel Bonasso published an opinion piece and participated in a TV program where he appealed to the president to put aside Posse's candidature, whom he accused of having a benevolent attitude toward the previous military dictatorship for not having abandoned his diplomatic duties, and for his support of the Fujimori regime. (39) The president appointed Rafael Bielsa as foreign affairs minister, while Posse continued his appointment at the embassy in Madrid until his retirement in 2004 when he returned to Argentina.
The Abell catalog, and especially its clusters, are of interest to amateur astronomers as challenge objects to be viewed in dark locations on large aperture amateur telescopes.
The original catalog of 2,712 rich clusters of galaxies was published in 1958 by George O. Abell (1927–1983), who was then studying at the California Institute of Technology. The catalog, which formed part of Abell's PhD thesis, was prepared by means of a visual inspection of the red 103a-E plates of the Palomar Sky Survey (POSS), for which Abell was one of the principal observers. A. G. Wilson, another of the principal observers, assisted Abell in the initial stages of the survey by routinely inspecting the plates as they were produced. After the completion of the survey, Abell went over the plates again and carried out a more detailed inspection. In both cases inspection was made with a 3.5× magnifying lens.
Smith was the second son of Abel Smith, a Nottingham banker who, following his father, also called Abel, had continued developing the business into what was by the end of the century to become one of the biggest private banks in England. The first Abel Smith had contented himself with using some of his wealth to intervene in other people's elections. Abel the second eventually entered Parliament for a pocket borough in 1774. Four years later, in October 1778, the young Abel could rely on the family's standing in his home city to secure election as Member of Parliament for Nottingham; however, he died only three months later.
A year later, on 20 June 1939, Hitler summoned Posse to his summer home, the "Berghof", and told him that he wanted Posse to be the head of what would be perhaps the most massive art acquisition project in history, the gathering of paintings and other art works for Hitler's planned art museum in Linz, Austria, the city Hitler considered to be his hometown. What came to be called the "Führermuseum" – which was never built – was to be the core of a cultural center which was part of a general rebuilding of the city intended to have it surpass Vienna and rival Budapest. Posse's job would be to supplement Hitler's own previously purchased collection of mostly 19th century Germanic Romantic paintings. According to Posse's diary, Hitler told him that the museum would contain "only the best of all periods from the prehistoric beginnings of art ... to the nineteenth century and recent time," and the works were to be obtained both by purchase and by confiscation. "You are ... to deal only with me. I shall make the decisions," Posse was told.
Most of his work was done in six or seven years of his working life. Regarding Abel, the French mathematician Charles Hermite said: "Abel has left mathematicians enough to keep them busy for five hundred years." Another French mathematician, Adrien-Marie Legendre, said: ""quelle tête celle du jeune Norvégien!"" ("what a head the young Norwegian has!").
Abel Posse is a regular contributor to the liberal-conservative daily La Nación in Buenos Aires, as well as other Argentine dailies (Perfil, La Gaceta de Tucumán) and Spanish papers (ABC, El Mundo and El País). He has also been editor in chief of the Revista Argentina de Estudios Estratégicos (Argentine Journal of Strategic Studies). His journalistic publications include some 400 articles, many have been published in his collection of socio-political essays, such as, Argentina, el gran viraje (2000), El eclipse argentino. De la enfermedad colectiva al renacimiento (2003) and La santa locura de los Argentina (2006), Sobrevivir Argentina (2014) and Réquiem por la política (2015). His literary and more strictly philosophical reflections have been collected in En letra grande (2005). In many of these texts Posse celebrates the glorious past of Argentina where he expounds on his desire that in the 21st century his country may resume its destiny as a great nation in the continental and international sphere, and that it take a greater role in Mercosur and in wider projects of regional integration. As a Peronist, Posse has worked with Eduardo Duhalde in the consolidation of Mercosur.
Fernández called Buenos Aires Education Secretary Abel Posse an “ass” and a “misogynist” in December 2009.
Posse studied at the Law Faculty in Buenos Aires until 1958. Apart from his studies “lectured by fascist-Peronist professors” (12) who bored him, he lived the “night life” fiesta of Buenos Aires, a city which in those days was home to the most important publishing houses in the Spanish speaking world and also to exiled writers and intellectuals of the Spanish Civil War. According to Posse, his night time meetings and conversations in Buenos Aires cafés allowed him to deepen his knowledge of Russian and French literature, German philosophy and oriental spiritualism. In this rich bohemian environment he met Jorge Luis Borges, Eduardo Mallea, Ezequiel Martínez Estrada, Ricardo Molinari, Manuel Mujica Lainez, Ramón Gomez de la Serna and Rafael Alberti (13). He became close friends with the poets Conrado Nalé Roxlo and Carlos Mastronardi, as well as Borges, who opened the doors for him of the SADE and who would later help him to publish his first short stories and poems in the daily El Mundo. In those years Posse became attracted to Peronist ideas. Although he had been born into an anti-Peronist family, the huge public demonstration of 17 October 1945 had left a lasting impression (14), as had the strength of Evita and her ability to bring life into the movement, together with the open public grieving aroused by her funeral in 1952. These years of university life and above all of the night life in Buenos Aires are depicted by Posse as a true “golden age” which he recreates in certain passages of La reina del Plata (1988) and La pasión segun Eva (1994), a fictional biography which conveys the last days of Eva Perón. After having undertaken his military service in 1955, during the anti-Peronist Revolución Libertadora, Posse completed his university studies in 1958. That same year, he wrote a screenplay, “La cumparsa” (The troupe), which was given an award by the National Institute of Cinematography; set in Patagonia, the troupe is composed of a group of sheep shearers who turn out to be a veritable court of miracles. (15)