Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant passages that answer the question.
Query: Who leads the Canadian Forces?
The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, QueenElizabeth II,[19] who is represented by the Governor General of Canada.[20][21] The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council.
Canadian Forces Radio and Television (CFRT), Radiotélévision des Forces canadiennes (RTFC) in French, was a television and radio network system broadcast by satellite to those members of the Canadian Forces ground forces who served overseas in places such as the Middle East, Africa and Europe and, due to popular demand, the service began broadcasting to Her Majesty's Canadian Ships in April 2002. The network was not available domestically within Canada.
According to Canadian version of following events, Croatian forces, under the pretext of not receiving authorization from Zagreb, decided to attack the Canadian forces who were moving in between the Serb and Croat forces. Private Scott LeBlanc who was present in the UN forces recalls, "We started taking fire almost immediately from the Croats". When the Canadians began constructing a fortified position, the Croatians fired hundreds of artillery shells at them. The Canadians successfully used breaks in the shelling to repair and reinforce their positions.
Huddleston joined the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1962 and trained on Lockheed T-33 jet trainers. He became Associate Deputy Minister (Policy) at the Department of National Defence in 1986 and Deputy Chief of Defence Staff at the National Defence Headquarters in 1989 and, in the latter role, was responsible for the formation of the Joint Staff (or 'J Staff') who were to be the primary Canadian Forces strategic planning and coordination organ. This innovation was applied during the Gulf War in 1990 and, for leading Canada's deployment in that war, he was awarded the Meritorious Service Cross. He went on to be Commander, Air Command later that year before retiring in 1993.
The current Canadian Forces Provost Marshal (CFPM) and Commander of the Canadian Forces Military Police Group is Brigadier-General Simon Trudeau who assumed command on May 28, 2018.
Headquarters 1st Canadian Division was transformed on 1 April 2000 into Canadian Forces Joint Headquarters and 1st Canadian Division Headquarters and Signal Regiment was united with 79 Communication Regiment to form the Canadian Forces Joint Signal Regiment. Both units, who remained headquartered in Kingston, were assigned as elements of Canadian Expeditionary Force Command as the deployable command headquarters for all large Canadian overseas deployments.On 19 May 2010, Chief of the Defence Staff, General Walt Natynczyk, announced that the Canadian Forces would once again stand up the 1st Canadian Division at Kingston, Ontario. The role of 1st Canadian Division upon reactivation was to provide the Canadian Forces with a rapidly deployable joint command and control capacity in order to allow for a comprehensive approach to operations. Taking the place of the CFJHQ, 1st Cdn Div HQ was reactivated by absorbing personnel returning from the war in Afghanistan to ensure the retention of operational experience and lessons.
Long before the actual convention a vigorous leadership contest had begun. At the outset the leading candidates were believed to be Secretary of State for External Affairs Paul Martin, Minister of Transport Paul Hellyer, and Minister of Finance Mitchell Sharp. The unofficial Liberal Party tradition was to alternate between francophone and anglophone leaders, and Jean Marchand was considered a possible candidate. Martin was a highly respected veteran minister who had finished second to Pearson in the 1958 convention, and his ambitions to try again for the top job were well-known. Hellyer was a former Minister of National Defence who had unified the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force into the Canadian Forces.
Leading aircraftman is also a rank in the Royal Australian Air Force (which uses a single chevron rather than a propeller device), Royal New Zealand Air Force, Indian Air Force, Ghana Air Force and the Sri Lanka Air Force, and until 1968 was a rank in the Royal Canadian Air Force.
Leading air cadet (LAC) in the New Zealand Air Training Corps also uses the propeller badge. It is not technically a rank (although many units regard it as a very junior NCO rank), and may be awarded to cadets who have attended a minimum of thirty parades, or completed one year in a unit. The rank is generally awarded to those cadets who show obvious leadership skill.
The Canadian Forces have one military prison, the Canadian Forces Service Prison and Detention Barracks (CFSPDB) (colloquially known as Club Ed), located at Canadian Forces Base Edmonton. Canadian Forces personnel who are convicted by military courts and receive a sentence of 14 days or more are incarcerated at CFSPDB. Men, although in the same prison, are kept separate from women. The prison is maintained and controlled by the Canadian Forces Military Police, although NCOs from various branches of the Canadian Forces serve at the prison as staff. Service personnel who are convicted of less serious offences are considered to be in "detention", and undergo a strict military routine aimed at rehabilitation for their return to regular military service, whereas personnel convicted of more serious offences are considered to be in "prison" and upon completion of their sentence they are released from the military. Serious offenders with sentences longer than 2 years are transferred to the Canadian federal prison system after serving 729 days, to complete their sentence in the civilian prison system, followed by release from the Canadian Forces. Any service personnel serving a sentence of 14 days or less are held in local base Military Police Detachment cells at the various Canadian Forces Bases within Canada.
On February 1, 1968, the Royal Canadian Navy, the Royal Canadian Air Force and the Canadian Army were unified into a single entity called the Canadian Armed Forces. Unification caused warranted Sea Cadet officers and Air Reserve Air Cadet Officers to be brought together with the Cadet Services of Canada into a single Cadet Instructor List (CIL). The officers, who were now responsible for all Canadian Cadets, had a single structure and were all enrolled as members of the Canadian Forces Reserve Force with the primary role of administering and supervising the Cadet Organizations. Members of the Cadet Instructors List sub-component were commissioned as officers in the Canadian Forces. The name was changed to Cadet Instructor Cadre (CIC) in 1994, to provide a bilingual branch identifier.
In April 1915, they were introduced to yet another facet of modern war, gas. The Germans employed chlorine gas to create a hole in the French lines adjacent to the Canadian force and poured troops into the gap. The Canadians, operating for the most part in small groups and under local commanders, fired into the flanks of the German advance, forcing it to turn its attention onto the Canadian sector. For three days, Canadian and reinforcing British units fought to contain the penetration with a series of counter-attacks while using handkerchiefs soaked in urine to neutralize effects of the gas. One in every three of the inexperienced but determined Canadians became a casualty. The senior Canadian officers were also inexperienced at first and lacked communications with most of their troops. Notable among these was Arthur Currie, a brigade commander later became the commander of the Canadian Corps and who appointed as his divisional commanders only those who had fought well in this engagement. The battle cost the British Expeditionary Force - BEF (of which the Canadian Corps was a part of) 59,275 men and the Canadian Expeditionary Force over 6000.
The Operational Service Medal () is a campaign medal created in 2010 by the Canadian monarch-in-Council to recognize members of the Canadian Forces, allied forces, Canadian police officers, or Canadian civilians working for the Canadian Forces who had directly participated in any military campaign under Canadian or allied command. It is, within the Canadian system of honours, the lowest of the war and operational service medals.
As the Ceremonial Guard is drawn from all branches of the Canadian Forces (the units chosen via an established rotation), the sentries, too, can be members of the Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Navy, or Royal Canadian Air Force, as well as the Special Operations Command. The commanding officer of each unit decides who will be sent to Ottawa. Occasionally, members of a police force will act as sentries at the tomb, such as when officers from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police did so on July 5, 2013, to honour Sergeant Arthur Richardson, a member of the North-West Mounted Police, who earned the Victoria Cross serving with Lord Strathcona's Horse during the Second Boer War.
With the unification of the Canadian Forces in 1968, the RCAF ceased to exist; Canadian air force capabilities were subsumed by Mobile Command, Maritime Command, Air Defence Command and Air Transport Command. This new structure proved ineffective, leading air force senior leaders to seek the reinstatement of a true air force command organization. Eventually the Canadian Forces Air Command was formed in September 1975. Now, the RCAF Association found it necessary to meet the needs of air force veterans who had no affiliation with an organization named RCAF. The Commander of Air Command questioned the relevance of an organization that continued to refer to the name of a former service that no longer existed (RCAF). To become more relevant, the association's name was changed to the "Air Force Association of Canada" in 1994. Following the return of the name Royal Canadian Air Force to replace Air Command in 2011, the association voted to change its name back to the Royal Canadian Air Force Association in 2012. The executive director, Dean Black, made it clear that the association needed to unite Canadian air force veterans and proposed the name Canadian Air Force Association. He also explained that since the Queen is the patron, the prefix Royal should be used, making the full name Royal Canadian Air Force Association. 
The Royal Canadian Air Force Association was formed by a government order-in-council in May 1948. This organization advocated on behalf of the Royal Canadian Air Force and was a means of connecting air force veterans who were members of air force clubs, squadron organizations and air force reunion groups. Postwar, there was also a perceived need to keep track of skilled airmen and airwomen who were active during the Second World War. During the Cold War the RCAFA was able to locate and facilitate the re-recruiting of many aircrew and ground crew for active service during Korean War and for NATO duty. The RCAFA also supported community endeavours and groups such as the Royal Canadian Air Cadets, and published "Wings" magazine, which focused on Canadian military aviation history.
In the Canadian Forces, lieutenant-colonel (LCol, or ) is a rank for officers who are in the Canadian Army or the Royal Canadian Air Force, equal to commander for officers who are in the Royal Canadian Navy. A lieutenant-colonel is the second-highest rank of senior officer. A lieutenant-colonel is senior to a major or lieutenant-commander, and junior to a colonel or naval captain.
The Armed Forces' 92,600 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces and who, as head of the Armed Forces Council, is in command of the Canadian Forces. The Armed Forces Council also includes the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, the commanders of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force, Canadian Joint Operations Command, Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, and other key Level 1 organizations. The Armed Forces Council generally operates from National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) in Ottawa, Ontario. The sovereign and most other members of the Canadian Royal Family also act as colonels-in-chief, honorary air commodores, air commodores-in-chief, admirals, and captains-general of Canadian Forces units, though these positions are ceremonial.
The base was renamed to Canadian Forces Base Kingston (CFB Kingston) in 1966 in the lead-up to the February 1968 unification of the Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Navy and Royal Canadian Air Force to form the Canadian Armed Forces. CFB Kingston was placed under Training Command and was responsible for providing a training facilities and support services to its integral units and lodger units.
CANOSCOM consisted of approximately 1,100 soldiers from all branches of the Canadian Forces who provided operations support to thousands of Canadian Forces members involved in many missions. CANOSCOM commanded the Canadian Forces Joint Support Group, the Canadian Forces Joint Signal Regiment and Canadian Materiel Support Group. CANOSCOM had oversight over 16 units and formations. These included the:
On January 2, Canadian forces seized an AK-47 from a local Somali who returned the following day with a machete to threaten the troops to give him back his gun; a warning shot was fired and ricocheted, hitting him in the foot. He left, refusing medical care. Also in January 1993, Lt.-Col. Carol Mathieu gave verbal orders allowing Canadian soldiers to shoot at thieves under certain conditions. On January 29, suspected bandits were found congregating on a roadway and as Canadian forces approached them, they began to flee. Warning shots were fired into the air to halt them, leading to a retaliatory shot from a Somali, and returned fire from the Canadian troops.
The Queen's Medal for Champion Shot () is a Canadian medal instituted on 28 August 1991 to honour one member each of the Canadian Armed Forces (CF) Regular Force and either the CF Reserve Force or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) who obtained the highest aggregate score in stages one and two of the Queen's Medal Competition. It replaced its British counterpart, the Queen's Medal for Champion Shots in the Military Forces, after 1992. In respect of the Canadian Regular Force, the British medal could only be won by Army members, whereas the Canadian medal can be won by members of the Canadian Forces.
Two Queen's Medal for Champion Shot are awarded annually since 1991: one to a member of the Canadian Forces (Regular) and one to a member of the Canadian Forces (Reserve) or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police who obtains the highest aggregate score in stages one and two of the Queen's Medal Competition. A comprehensive list of Regular Force winners can be viewed at Canada - Regular Forces and Reserve Force / RCMP at Canada - Militia/Reserve/RCMP
Once the pair arrive, the first instinct of the member of the Canadian Armed Forces leading the gathered Canadians is that the princess was taken by a giant, who turns out to be Scott the Dick, who grew to seven feet tall – giant by Canadian standards – after a radioactive accident in Ottawa. When it turns out that Scott has been wrongly accused of taking the princess, most other Canadians go home, but Scott persuades Ike and Ugly Bob to follow him as he accuses the Inuit of kidnapping the princess out of his racial prejudice towards the "Native Canadians". The three of them travel to the Arctic tundra of northern Canada to get information from the Inuit, who admit that their people do have a grudge against the Canadians for taking their land, but tribe leader reveals that the princess' abduction was foretold, and that the true kidnapper is one who attacks people of all nationalities. With an Inuit mother leading the three, they find a large dark castle, where the princess is held captive by the abductor: Tooth Decay. Eventually, after the monster hurls Scott and the Inuit woman across the room, Ike turns Tooth Decay to stone by exposing Ugly Bob's face to him.
Sajjan issued apologies in which he apologized to members of the Canadian Forces, the United States Armed Forces, and the Afghan Armed Forces in the operation, and noted that the successes of Operation Medusa were due to the contributions of all members of the Canadian Forces who were involved. Sajjan also acknowledged that describing himself as "the architect" was a mistake, and highlighted the role of Brigadier General David Fraser in leading the team that planned the operation.
The licence plates are available to those who served as a member of Canadian Forces, the Commonwealth of Nations, or its wartime allies. People who served on North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) missions, peacekeeping missions as members of the Canadian Forces or United Nations forces, or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) are also eligible. They need to provide a Canadian Forces Certificate of Service and a Canadian Forces Identification Card as proof of service. Those who have served three years (may still be serving) can also apply.