Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant passages that can help answer the question.
Query: When was Saint Petersburg first founded?
Founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703. It became capital of the Russian Empire for more than two hundred years (1712–1728, 1732–1918). St. Petersburg ceased being the capital in 1918 after the Russian Revolution of 1917.[1]
The Saint Petersburg TV Tower is situated at 3 Ulitsa Akademika Pavlova, which lies in the federal city of Saint Petersburg which, in turn, is the administrative centre of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. The television tower is located in Central Saint Petersburg, wherein, several famous landmarks, such as famous parks and several embankments, can be found alongside and/or near the tower. In addition, the nearest metro station to the tower is the Petrogradskaya.
Floods in Saint Petersburg refer to a rise of water on the territory of St. Petersburg, a major city in Russia and its former capital. They are usually caused by the overflow of the delta of Neva River and surging water in the eastern part of Neva Bay but sometimes caused by melting snow. Floods are registered when the water rises above 160 cm with respect to a gauge at the Saint Petersburg Mining Institute. More than 300 floods have occurred since the city was founded in 1703.
The Moskovsko-Petrogradskaya Line () is the second oldest line of the Saint Petersburg Metro, opened in 1961. It featured the first cross-platform transfer in the USSR. It was also the first metro line in Saint Petersburg to feature a unique platform type that soon became dubbed as "Horizontal Lift".
The line cuts Saint Petersburg on a north-south and is generally coloured blue on Metro maps. In 2006, as an extension was opened, it became the longest line on the system.
FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg was a Russian football club from Saint Petersburg, in Northwest Russia. Founded in 1922, the club was one of the oldest in the city.
The Cathedral of Saint Jude the Apostle is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of St. Petersburg. St. Jude Parish was founded in 1950. The first church building, now Our Lady’s Chapel, was completed the following year. As the parish grew larger a combination school and church building was completed in 1954. The present church building, a Modern interpretation of the Byzantine style in the form of a Latin cross, was built in 1963. When Pope Paul VI established the Diocese of Petersburg on March 2, 1968, it became the cathedral of the new diocese. The cathedral underwent a $9 million renovation from 2012 to 2013.
The Saint Petersburg Academic Symphony Orchestra was founded in 1931 as the Leningrad Radio Orchestra. In 1953, it came under the umbrella of Saint Petersburg Philhamonia.
Sport in Saint Petersburg has a long tradition, back to the founding days of Saint Petersburg in the early 18th Century.
Zenit's history is tightly connected with the political history of Saint Petersburg, Russia (also called "Petrograd" and "Leningrad" at times in its history). In 1897, the first officially-recorded football match in Russia was held in Saint Petersburg on Vasilievsky Island, an unofficial game between the local English team "Ostrov" and the local Russian team "Petrograd," which the English team won, 6–0. The players of those local teams were amateurs and loosely associated with each other. At the same time, several formal football clubs were founded in Saint Petersburg, mainly around large industrial companies. Players' membership was unofficial and very loose, however, sometimes allowing the same players to play for several different teams during the same season.
This is a list of painters of Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (founded 2 August 1932 as the "", since 1959 named as the "Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation". Acquired its current name after the renaming of Leningrad in Saint Petersburg in 1991). This list represent the Soviet era and contemporary Russian painters from Leningrad/Saint Petersburg. The basis for inclusion in this List can serve as the membership of the painter at the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists, confirmed by authoritative sources.
The Saint Petersburg Academic Symphony Orchestra (in ), founded in 1931, is one of the two symphony orchestras belonging to the Saint Petersburg Philharmonia society, the other being the more famous Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra, founded in the 19th century.
The Saint Petersburg Police was established by Tsar Peter the Great in June 7, 1718, as the main municipal police force in Saint Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Empire which had been founded by Peter only fifteen years earlier. Anton de Vieira, a batman of Peter and mayor of Saint Petersburg at the time, was appointed as the first "Oberpolitzmeister" (a German, not Russian word: Senior Police Master), the title for the commander of the city police service. The department survived intact until 1917 during the February Revolution, when most of the Saint Petersburg Police remained loyal to the Imperial government. A number of policemen were killed after the defection of the bulk of the city's army garrison to the revolution, especially after a rumour spread that they were firing with machine guns from the roofs of buildings. Shortly after the overthrow of the Imperial government the department was formally disbanded. Following the October Revolution, a new Soviet police force was established under the title of "militsiya", which replaced the functions of the Saint Petersburg Police. In 1924, following the renaming of Saint Petersburg to Leningrad in honor of Vladimir Lenin, the city police were known as the Leningrad Militsiya (. This name continued until 1991, shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when it was changed to Saint Petersburg Militsiya (милицию Санкт-Петербурга) after the name of the city was reverted. The service adopted its current name in March 1, 2011, as part of wider law enforcement legislative reform backed by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, which abandoned usage of the term ""militsiya"" in favor of the re-adoption of "politsiya" (police) in law enforcement agencies across Russia.The Commissioner of the Saint Petersburg Police, officially Head of Internal Affairs of Saint Petersburg, is a commissioner with authority as the head of the service, responsible for the day-to-day operation of the department as well as the appointment of deputies and subordinate officers. The Commissioner is a policeman administrator appointed by the appointed by the Governor of Saint Petersburg, confirmed after the approval of the Saint Petersburg Legislative Assembly by recommendation of the President of Russia, and serves indefinitely at the Governor's will. The position is sometimes mistaken as the Chief of Police, which is separate from the Saint Petersburg Police and the holder of which serves as the Deputy to the Head of Internal Affairs.
The Saint Petersburg Theological Academy () is a theological seminary in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The academy grants master and doctorate degrees preparing theologians and priests for the Eastern Orthodox Church. It was founded in 1797 by Gabriel (Petrov), Metropolitan of Saint Petersburg, as part of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
The Saint Petersburg State Youth Theatre on the Fontanka (Санкт-Петербургский государственный Молодёжный театр на Фонтанке) is a theatre on the banks of the River Fontanka in Saint Petersburg founded in 1980. It is one of the most popular theatres in Saint Petersburg.
“Saint Petersburg” (previously – hotel “Leningrad”) is a 3-star hotel in the historical center of Saint Petersburg located on the Pirogovskaya Embankment, 5. The hotel was founded in 1970.
"FC Petrotrest Saint Petersburg" () is a former association football club from Saint Petersburg, Russia, founded in 2001.
Over 250 international and Russian movies were filmed in Saint Petersburg. Well over a thousand feature films about tsars, revolution, people and stories set in Saint Petersburg have been produced worldwide but not filmed in the city. The first film studios were founded in Saint Petersburg in the 20th century and since the 1920s Lenfilm has been the largest film studio based in Saint Petersburg. The first foreign feature movie filmed entirely in Saint Petersburg was the 1997 production of Tolstoy's "Anna Karenina", starring Sophie Marceau and Sean Bean and made by an international team of British, American, French and Russian filmmakers.
In 1708, she moved to Saint Petersburg, but she was often in Moscow as her own palace was not ready (it was built in 1713). Peter gave her the Gatchina estate and built the first palace there for her. Natalia founded the first hospital in Saint Petersburg in her house. In 1706-07, she founded the first Russian theatre in Moscow in her house, with actors taken from the staff of her and Praskovia Saltykova’s court: the first public Russian theatre was later founded after her example in 1709. In Saint Petersburg, she arranged theatre performances for the court and nobility from 1710.
WBC Spartak Saint-Petersburg is a Russian women's basketball club from Saint Petersburg, competing in the Russian Women's Basketball Premier League. In 2011 the team was 8th (3rd to last). The club is founded in 1935.
FC Lokomotiv Saint Petersburg () was a Russian football team from Saint Petersburg. It played professionally in 1969 and from 1992 to 2000, including 5 seasons (1996 to 2000) in the second-highest Russian First Division. In 1996 the team merged with FC Saturn-1991 Saint Petersburg and played for one season as FC Lokomotiv-Saturn Saint Petersburg.
The first hromada was established in Saint Petersburg when the first members of the Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius returned from their exile. Important publication of the Petersburg hromada was magazine Osnova ("Basis") that was published for a short time in 1860s. 
He studied in Saint Petersburg. Before learning Esperanto, he spoke the earlier auxiliary language of Volapük, but was nonetheless very quick to adopt Esperanto. He launched the first Esperanto literature competition in Saint Petersburg in 1896. In 1905, following the Russian Revolution he moved to Stuttgart until 1908, when he moved to Riga, where he lived until his death. In 1910 he founded the Esperanto association La Riga Stelo and became its first president. From 1910 to 1915 he was a UEA delegate in Riga.
BC Dynamo Saint Petersburg was a Russian professional basketball club based in Saint Petersburg, that existed for two seasons. The club was founded in 2004 and dissolved in 2006. In the 2004–05 season, the club won the FIBA Europe League.
Saint Petersburg Mint () is one of the world's largest mints. It was founded by Peter the Great in 1724 on the territory of Peter and Paul Fortress, so it is one of the oldest industrial enterprises in Saint Petersburg.
The new Dynamo Saint Petersburg was established on the base of another Saint Petersburg club FC Petrotrest Saint Petersburg in 2007. After their relegation from the Russian First Division in 2010, they returned to the name Petrotrest and a new team was established as FC Dynamo to play in the Amateur Football League.