Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that can help answer the question.
Query: When was Porsche founded?
Ferdinand Porsche founded the company called "Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche GmbH" in 1931,[3] with main offices at Kronenstraße 24 in the centre of Stuttgart.[4] Initially, the company offered motor vehicle development work and consulting,[3] but did not build any cars under its own name. One of the first assignments the new company received was from the German government to design a car for the people, that is a "Volkswagen".[3] This resulted in the Volkswagen Beetle, one of the most successful car designs of all time.[5] The Porsche 64 was developed in 1939 using many components from the Beetle.[3]
Prof. Ferdinand Porsche, who ran a construction office in Stuttgart, constructed this Volkswagen on commission to the German government of the day. Prof. Porsche was then forced during the Second World War to move his factory to Gmünd in Carinthia. The first Porsche models were made there after the war. When the factory again returned to Stuttgart, he also founded the oldest Porsche workshop in Austria, the Porsche in the Alpenstraße in
Salzburg. Prof. Porsche also constructed the Auto Union type C racing car,
which with about 520 horse power dominated the races in the mid-1930s. This
racing car was also used in the three Glockner races.
In April 1931, Porsche returned to Stuttgart and founded his consulting firm "Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH, Konstruktionen und Beratungen für Motoren und Fahrzeugbau" (designs and consulting services for engines and vehicles). With financial backing from the Austrian advocate Anton Piëch and Adolf Rosenberger, Porsche successfully recruited several former co-workers he had befriended at his former places of employment, including Karl Rabe, Erwin Komenda, Franz Xaver Reimspiess, and his son, Ferry Porsche.
Rainer Buchmann founded the bb company in Frankfurt in 1974, when he converted a Porsche 911 Coupé into a Porsche Targa and painted it with the rainbow colours of Polaroid. The car was exhibited for Polaroid at the photokina fair in 1976. Buchmann produced a number of unusual modifications of Porsche and Mercedes cars for international clients. 
The next day, Harry informs Reenie and Celine that Cleo has been visiting Pete in hospital, and tells them that she possesses a mysterious key of Pete's. They track Cleo down to a lock-up that Pete had bought so he could keep all of the love letters, photographs and memories that he shared with Porsche, Cleo and Jade, however in order to protect Pete, Cleo sets fire to the lock-up, destroying all evidence. After realising that Pete also has feelings for Jade as well as herself, Cleo confesses to the McQueens that she began a sexual relationship with Pete when she was 13 years of age, and makes a statement to the police, and Pete is therefore arrested. Reenie is later shaken when she and Porsche receive letters from Derek's solicitors revealing that he has left them both something in his will. Myra convinces Reenie to dispose of the letters and forget about Derek, however Porsche finds the letters and is confused as to why Derek has left her something in his will. After being encouraged by Lockie Campbell (Nick Rhys) to see what Derek has left her, Porsche is ecstatic to learn he has left her £10,000. When Porsche tells Reenie of her inheritance, she is clearly upset and Porsche asks her why she hated Derek so much. Reenie then reveals to Porsche that Derek inappropriately touched her and raped her as a teenager, and after Porsche apologises for taking Derek's money, Reenie finally reveals the truth to Porsche that Derek was her father, leaving Porsche devastated. The following day, Porsche confronts Reenie in Price Slice, and vents her anger out on her, realising the reason why Reenie was so cold with her as a child was because of Derek. Upset at her remarks, Reenie angrily slaps Porsche, however this results in a physical fight in the shop. Tegan Lomax (Jessica Ellis) calls a police officer over to intervene in the catfight, but Reenie accidentally slaps him as he breaks it up. Reenie then flees the shop, and confides in Theresa McQueen (Jorgie Porter) that she is going straight back to prison because of the assault. Desperate for the pair to talk again, Myra locks Porsche and Reenie in her bedroom, where Reenie explains to Porsche that she hated the thought of having Derek's child, however when she kicked for the first time, she fell in love with her and fought to keep her when Nana tried to give her up for adoption. Porsche then forgives Reenie for everything that has happened with Pete and Derek and attempts to persuade Reenie to go with her as she plans to leave the village. However, as she is about to leave with Porsche, Cleo emphasises how much she needs her mother during Pete's trial, so when the police arrive to arrest her, Reenie does not resist as she states that being a jailbird mother is better than not being a mother at all.
The 924 has its own racing series in the UK run by the BRSCC and Porsche Racing Drivers Association. The Porsche 924 Championship was started in 1992 by Jeff May who was championship coordinator until his death on 10 November 2003. Jeff May was also one of the founding members of Porsche Club Great Britain.
In the United States, the 924S is also eligible to race in the 944-Spec racing class.
A V10 replacement for the 3512 was in development at the time of Porsche's withdrawal from Formula One. This engine would not be completed until several years later, when it was modified for use in the stillborn Porsche LMP project in 2000. The engine eventually became mass-produced when a further variant was chosen as the powerplant of the Porsche Carrera GT supercar.
Porsche India Pvt Ltd is a division of the German automobile manufacturer Porsche and the Volkswagen Group India. Founded in 2004, with headquarters in Mumbai.
A mechanical engineer by training, he joined Porsche in 1983, aged 31. After a stint at Wiesbaden based Glyco AG, a subsidiary of auto-parts maker Federal-Mogul, he returned to Porsche as head of production in 1991, taking over two years later as Chairman (CEO) when Porsche was close to bankruptcy. Due to Porsche's large shareholding in Volkswagen, Wiedeking also found himself on the supervisory board of that company. Some industry analysts believed that Porsche could not survive on its own, but Wiedeking, who says he made his first million by the age of 30 with real estate investments, took on the challenge.
Since being engaged by the National-Socialist authorities in building the "Volksauto", Porsche was praised as the "Great German Engineer". Hitler considered Czechs subhuman and Porsche was in 1934 urged to apply for German citizenship. A few days later, Porsche indeed filed a declaration giving up the Czechoslovak citizenship at a Czechoslovak consulate in Stuttgart. In 1937, Porsche joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party (becoming member no. 5,643,287) as well as the SS. By 1938, Porsche was using the SS as security members and drivers at his factory, and later set up a special unit called "SS Sturmwerk Volkswagen". In 1942, Porsche reached the rank of "SS-Oberführer". During the war, Porsche was further decorated with the SS-Ehrenring and awarded the War Merit Cross. As the war progressed his proposed solutions to new developments became more complex and Ferdinand Porsche gained a reputation in certain circles as a "mad scientist" especially with Albert Speer (mainly due to his new found affinity for "pointy" designs).
The Porsche Club Hohensyburg is an organization of Porsche enthusiasts in Germany. It was founded on May 26, 1952 in Westphalia and was, when created, the first Porsche enthusiasts' organization in the world.
In 2001, Schiefer founded the Porsche Engineering Group Holding, under whose umbrella all development activities of Porsche for internal and external customers were concentrated. He thereupon was both managing director of the PEG and the biggest subsidiary of PEG “Porsche Engineering Services GmbH” based in Bietigheim. Moreover, he was Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Porsche Engineering Services based in Detroit (with a design studio in California) and was member of the advisory board of the Porsche Consulting GmbH, Zuffenhausen.
In July 2012, it was announced that Volkswagen AG was taking over the Porsche AG automotive company completely, which bears the same name, but is only a subsidiary of Porsche SE. In June 2013, Qatar Holdings, through the Qatar Investment Authority, sold its 10% holding in Porsche SE back to the founding family, giving them 100% voting rights in the holding company. Porsche SE currently owns 50.73% of the voting rights in Volkswagen AG as the largest (controlling) shareholder.
Porsche Automobil Holding SE, usually shortened to Porsche SE (), is a German holding company with investments in the automotive industry. Porsche SE is headquartered in Zuffenhausen, a city district of Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg and is owned by the Austrian Porsche and Piëch families. The company was founded in Stuttgart as "Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH" in 1931 by Ferdinand Porsche (1875–1951) and his son-in-law Anton Piëch (1894–1952).
In its April 12, 2017 article entitled "The Porsche 993 Actually Lives up to the Hype," "Road & Track" writes that the 993 is "something truly special," with "a combination of old-school feel and modern usability that isn't found in many other cars," with "great steering, great brakes, and a wonderfully composed package." It also states that "The 993 is also beautifully built -- it's a relic from the time when Porsche didn't cut corners anywhere." 
Porsche Engineering (Porsche Engineering Group GmbH) was established in 2001 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Porsche AG, with headquarters in Weissach, and traces its history back to 1931 when Porsche created its first engineering office subsidiary. Porsche Engineering Group has been re-organized into Porsche Consulting (subsidiary of Porsche AG) and Porsche Engineering (subsidiary of Porsche SE).
Porsche Holding GmbH, headquartered in Salzburg, Austria, was founded by Louise Piëch and Ferry Porsche (daughter and son of Ferdinand Porsche) in 1947 as Porsche Konstruktionen GesmbH in Gmünd, Austria. After Porsche 360 Grand Prix racing car was designed by Ferry Porsche with help from the engineers of his father's design office for Cisitalia in 1947, the company started manufacturing Porsche 356, starting with the prototype Porsche 356/1 and then 356/2 in 1948 at the factory located in a saw mill in Gmünd, and later at a factory in Salzburg.
Porsche 114 Porsche 356/1 Porsche 695 (911 prototype) Porsche 901 (911 prototype) Porsche 916 (flat-6 914) Porsche 942 Porsche 959 prototype 918 RSR Porsche 969 Porsche 989 Porsche Boxster concept Porsche C88 Porsche Panamericana Porsche Boxster E Porsche Panamera Sport Turismo concept Porsche Mission E
Porsche and Celine are desperate for Cleo to stay in the village, so Porsche visits Grace and pleads with her to set Reenie up. After talking to her boyfriend Harry Thompson (Parry Glasspool), Cleo decides she is going to stay in the village, however, she wants Reenie to move in with them. Porsche then reveals to Celine that she has asked Grace to set Reenie up, which she is not happy about. Grace plants drugs in Reenie's make-up bag and she is told she will not be allowed an early release. Porsche reveals this to Celine and Cleo, which Cleo is upset about. At the end of May 2015, Porsche and Celine are stunned when Reenie arrives at the McQueen household, which delights Cleo. Nana and Cleo want Reenie to stay, however, Porsche and Celine try and persuade her to leave the village. She ignores her daughters, and invites her family to a meal at The Dog in the Pond public house, where Reenie states that Porsche is a "tease", referring to Porsche's accusations against Pete. She shouts at Reenie aggressively, before being told to leave by Nana and Cleo. When Porsche is attacked by Trevor Royle (Greg Wood), Reenie intervenes and gives him money to leave her alone. Porsche then tells her mother that she wants to help her rebuild her life, however, she later breaks into Price Slice dressed as Reenie and steals bottles of wine. She is arrested, but Cleo provides her with an alibi. When Pete arrives in the village, Porsche moves out of the family home because they all believe Reenie and Pete over her.
The team was founded in 2001 by Raymond Narac. The team did not start racing until 2004 when Narac entered the team into the Porsche Carrera Cup France and FFSA GT Championship. The team entered three cars in the FFSA GT Championship, all of the Porsche 996 GT3 Cup chassis' in the Cup1 class. Narac drove the first of the cars, No. 76 along with Yannick David under the name IMSA - Challenge 86. The team had a successful début at Nogaro winning in the Cup1 class. They finished third in the championship. In the Porsche Carrera Cup France, the team's only highlight was a win at Magny-Cours.
During the 1930s, Stuttgart had already established itself as a center for the automobile industry. Germany's most important car companies had settled in the region by then. It was thus an ideal location for the new Porsche design company. When Porsche senior opened his offices in April 1931, his son Ferry (then age 21) was by his side. The firm was called "Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH Konstructionsbüro für Motoren, Fahrzeuge, Luftfahrzeuge und Wasserfahrzeugbau", meaning that Ferdinand Porsche's firm specialized in construction and consultation for engines, automobiles, airplanes, and motorboats. Porsche GmbH was founded in 1931 by Adolf Rosenberger, Ferdinand Porsche and Dr. Anton Piëch. While Rosenberger was the financial backer, he also brought technical knowledge and racing skill to the equation. Father and son were accompanied by renowned engineers.
Volkswagen has always had a close relationship with Porsche, the Zuffenhausen-based sports car manufacturer founded in 1931 by Ferdinand Porsche, the original Volkswagen designer and Volkswagen company co-founder, hired by Adolf Hitler for the project. The first Porsche car, the Porsche 64 of 1938, used many components from the Volkswagen Beetle. The 1948 Porsche 356 continued using many Volkswagen components, including a tuned engine, gearbox and suspension.
Her sister Celine arrives just in time for her wedding to Lockie Campbell, which takes place on a party train organised for the reception. At the wedding, best man John Paul McQueen (James Sutton) reveals that Lockie is attracted to him, but Porsche forgives him and the wedding goes ahead. Shortly after the marriage during the celebrations, the train derails when it hits Sienna Blake's (Anna Passey) car stuck on the tracks, killing her cousin Carmel McQueen (Gemma Merna). When Carmel's body is brought to the McQueens, Porsche steals her ring and allows Mercedes to get the blame. Whilst attending Carmel's funeral she is insulted by Mercedes. Feeling guilty about allowing Mercedes to get the blame she tells the truth and guesses that Carmel would have given the ring to her but just as the McQueens head to tell Mercedes how sorry they are unknown to them Mercedes is being murdered by Freddie Roscoe (Charlie Clapham) and he manages to clear her body just in time as the McQueens walk in. Porsche alongside with the McQueens become suspicious about Mercedes' disappearance and they believe she has gone to Alicante. They are shocked when they hear Mercedes has been murdered. Porsche then agrees to take part in the televised reconstruction of Mercedes' death, playing Mercedes. Porsche and Lockie argue with Nana McQueen (Diane Langton) over what goes on in the house and Nana tells Porsche to look for a job. She and Lockie ask Grace Black (Tamara Wall) and Trevor Royle (Greg Wood) for a job and Grace tells them to do a competition and Porsche wins. Whilst having a sisterly talk with Grace she goes to the freezer to get a drink and is locked in by Trevor's long lost son Dylan Jenkins (James Fletcher). Trevor and Grace find her unconscious and the ambulance rush her to the hospital. She decides to let Dylan off. Porsche is delighted when her little sister Cleo McQueen (Nadine Rose Mulkerrin) arrives from France in January 2015. Porsche is also suspicious when Lockie becomes secret but it she realises that he is selling drugs unaware that Lockie once sold drugs to her cousin John Paul which spiked him. Due to the stress Lockie stays a night with Diane O'Connor (Alex Fletcher) unaware to Porsche. But Porsche eventually learns the truth when she decorates Sinead's room. Later she confronts Sinead but realises Diane slept with Lockie. After exchanging heated words, Diane is pushed out of a window however she does not die.
By the late 1960s, both Volkswagen and Porsche were in need of new models; Porsche was looking for a replacement for their entry-level 912, and Volkswagen wanted a new range-topping sports coupé to replace the Karmann Ghia coupé. At the time, the majority of Volkswagen's developmental work was handled by Porsche, part of a setup that dated back to Porsche's founding; Volkswagen needed to contract out one last project to Porsche to fulfill the contract, and decided to make the 914 that project. Ferdinand Piëch, who was in charge of research and development at Porsche, was put in charge of the 914 project.
Originally intending to sell the vehicle with a flat four-cylinder engine as a Volkswagen and with a flat six-cylinder engine as a Porsche, Porsche decided during development that having Volkswagen and Porsche models sharing the same body would be risky for business in the American market, and convinced Volkswagen to allow them to sell both versions as Porsches in North America.
Porsche Design ("Porsche Lizenz- und Handelsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG"), based in Ludwigsburg, Germany, was founded in November 2003 as a majority-owned subsidiary of Porsche AG to combine Porsche AG's and Porsche Design Group's accessories and licensing business into one single company. The company's activities are focused on the Porsche Design Studio (since 2015 "Studio F. A. Porsche") in Zell am See, Austria, which works also for other companies in the field of industrial and product design, and the "Porsche Design" and "Porsche Driver's Selection" brands.