Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that can help answer the question.
Query: What is the oldest city in Myanmar?
Beikthano (Burmese: ဗိဿနိုး [beɪʔθənó]) situated in the irrigated Minbu region (near present-day Taungdwingyi) with direct land access to the well-watered Kyaukse plains to its northeast, is the oldest urban site so far discovered and scientifically excavated site. Its remains—the structures, pottery, artefacts, and human skeletons—date from 200 BCE to 100 CE. Named after the Hindu god Vishnu, the city may be the first capital of a culturally and perhaps even politically uniform state in the history of Burma. It was a large fortified settlement, measuring approximately 300 hectares inside the rectangular (3km by 1km) walls. The walls and fortifications along it measured six meters thick, and are radiocarbon dated to a period between 180 BCE and 610 CE. Like most subsequent cities, the main entrance of the walls led to the palace, which faced east. Stupas and monastic buildings have also been excavated within the city walls.[11][19]
The following is a list of cities and largest towns in Myanmar 5,000 & bigger by UNFPA Myanmar. The capitals of states and regions in Myanmar are Bold.
Naypyidaw, officially spelled Nay Pyi Taw (Burmese: နေပြည်တော်; MLCTS: Nepranytau; pronounced[nèpjìdɔ̀], formerly known as Kyetpyay, Pyinmana or Kyatpyay, Pyinmana), is the capital city of Myanmar and seat of the government of Myanmar. It is administered as the Naypyidaw Union Territory, as per the Constitution.[1] It is unusual among Myanmar's cities, being an entirely planned city outside of any state or region, similar to Canberra in Australia, Brasília in Brazil, Washington, D.C. in the United States and Islamabad in Pakistan.
Myanmar is a sovereign state located in the Southeast Asian region. Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and Laos to its east and China to its north and northeast. Its capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city and former capital is Yangon (Rangoon). Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1997.
Sidoktaya is one of the oldest ancient towns in Myanmar. It is established by Prince Yazakumar (a. Min Zaya Khittaya or Min Thiri Khittaya) in Year 460 (Myanmar Era) (about 1098 A.D.). Now it is over 900 years of age. there are many archaeological places including Si-kyek-taung Pagoda, Aung-kyar Thiri Pagoda, and Sutaungpyi Pagoda. The ancient city wall had been found buried in some places.
The University of Mawlamyine, which was established in 1953 is the major university for the south eastern region and offers both bachelor's and master's degree programs in liberal arts and sciences. The University of Mawlamyine is the third oldest Arts and Science university in the country after Yangon University (est 1878) and Mandalay University (est 1925). Mawlamyine University is one of few universities in Myanmar, offering a degree in Marine Science. Its Marine Science Laboratory in Setse, a coastal town about 83 km south of Mawlamyine was the first of its kind in Myanmar. Technological University (Mawlamyine) offers technological and engineering courses. The Mawlamyine campus of Yezin Agricultural University, which is administered by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MOALI) offers agriculture courses. Government Technical Institute (Mawlamyine), which also offers vocational engineering courses located in outskirts of the city. Mawlamyine Education College and Mawlamyine Institute of Education are also located in the city.
The Eastern Command of the Indian Army is based in the city. 
Being one of India's major city and the largest city in eastern and north-eastern India, Kolkata hosts diplomatic missions of many countries such as Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Canada, People's Republic of China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Srilanka, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom and United States. The U.S Consulate in Kolkata is the US Department of State's second oldest Consulate and dates from 19 November 1792.
Myanmar (; ), officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and Laos to its east and China to its north and northeast. To its south, about one third of Myanmar's total perimeter of forms an uninterrupted coastline of along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census counted the population to be 51 million people. As of 2017, the population is about 54 million. Myanmar is in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city and former capital is Yangon (Rangoon). Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1997.
The Assam Rifles, one of India's oldest continuously existent paramillitary units, has been responsible for physical controls on the border between India and Myanmar since 2002. The boder area between India, Myanmar, and China is largely made up of minority groups, many of which are transboundary communities. Consequently, enforcing border controls is a challenge for all three countries, and porous sections of the border between India and Myanmar have historically been common since Myanmar was formerly a part of the British Indian Empire.
The Thai–Myanmar Friendship Bridge is a bridge over the Moei river, which connects the city of Mae Sot in Tak Province in Thailand with the city of Myawaddy in Kayin State in Myanmar. This international bridge is long and wide. The bridge forms an important link on Asian Highway 1 of Asian Highway Network.
Maungmagan is a village and beach located approximately 12 kilometers north-west of Dawei, the capital of Taninthayi Division. It is the second oldest beach locale established in Myanmar after Ngapali.
Maungmagan is approximately 25-minutes drive away from Dawei and 75 minutes flight from Yangon, the principal city of Myanmar. It was a popular beach destination in Myanmar until the establishment of Chaungtha which was much more closer to Yangon. The beach is being redeveloped by the Burmese government due to its proximity to Bangkok's tourist market through the newly opened (Aug 2013) Phu Nam Ron border gate. It is intended that Maungmagan and its neighbouring beaches of San Maria Bay and Nabule will become stop overs for the much promoted ecotourism to the Myeik Archipelago
Myanmar Olympic Committee sent a total of six athletes to the Games, an equal share between men and women, to compete in 5 sports, tying the record with Beijing at a single Olympics. Among these athletes, archer Nay Myo Aung and single sculls rower Shwe Zin Latt competed at their second consecutive Olympics. Pistol shooter Maung Kyu, who competed at his first Olympics, was the oldest member of the team, at age 41. Meanwhile, track runner Zaw Win Thet, the youngest of the team, at age 21, was appointed by the committee to be Myanmar's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. Myanmar also marked its Olympic return in judo after a twenty-year absence.
Motors Myanmar is an online E-commerce platform for Automobiles and other types of vehicles. Operating in Myanmar since October 2013 under Carmudi, Motors Myanmar is connected to 220 showrooms within Yangon, in addition to having partnerships with over 95% of car dealerships in the city.
Holy See–Myanmar relations refers to bilateral relations between the Holy See, which is sovereign over the Vatican City, and Myanmar, also known as Burma. As of August 2017, Archbishop Paul Tschang In-Nam is the first Apostolic Nuncio to Myanmar, while San Lwin is Myanmar's ambassador to the Holy See.
An A-Z list of cities, towns and villages in Myanmar. Many places within the country may have the same name. For a smaller list of the larger cities in Burma by state see List of cities in Myanmar. Settlements B:
Brahmaso Humanitarian Aid Organisation (; abbreviated BHAO) is a humanitarian aid organisation based on Mandalay, Myanmar. The organisation is Myanmar's oldest free funeral service organisation.
Yangon ( ' , lit. 'End of Strife'; formerly known as Rangoon) is the capital of the Yangon Region of Myanmar (also known as Burma). Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006, when the military government relocated the capital to the purpose-built city of Naypyidaw in central Myanmar. With over 7 million people, Yangon is Myanmar's largest city and its most important commercial centre.
The Myanmar Times ( ), founded in 2000, is the oldest privately owned and operated English-language newspaper in Myanmar. A division of Myanmar Consolidated Media Co., Ltd. (MCM), "The Myanmar Times" published weekly English and Burmese-language news journals until March 2015, when the English edition began publishing daily, five days per week. Its head offices are in Yangon, with additional bureaus in Mandalay and Nay Pyi Taw.
Myanmar–Vietnam relations refer to the historical and current relationship between Myanmar and Vietnam. Both are members of the ASEAN and have engaged in relationship between two countries. Myanmar has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate general in Hồ Chí Minh City while Vietnam maintains their embassy in Yangon.
Burmese is the national language of Myanmar, and the first language of some 33 million people.
Burmese speakers first entered the northern Irrawaddy basin from what is now western Yunnan in the early 9th century, when the Pyu city-states had been weakened by an invasion by Nanzhao.
Other Burmish languages are still spoken in Dehong Prefecture in the far west of Yunnan.
By the 11th century their Pagan Kingdom had expanded over the whole basin.
The oldest texts, such as the Myazedi inscription, date from the early 12th century.
Due to the unstoppable human exodus from Myanmar until 2016 which also have since affecting Malaysia, Prime Minister Najib Razak decide to join a rally to Myanmar embassy with the protestors gathered in Titiwangsa Stadium of Kuala Lumpur. The event was organised by Malay Muslim groups, political parties as well non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in 4 December to urge Myanmar to stop of what been labelled by Malaysia as a “genocide to Muslim as well to its minority people” and calling the international community to put a pressure into Myanmar. During the rally, the Prime Minister said:
The 2013 Myanmar anti-Muslim riots were a series of conflicts in various cities throughout central and eastern Myanmar (Burma).
The Communist Party of Burma (; abbreviated CPB) is the oldest existing political party in Myanmar (also known as Burma). It was founded on 15 August 1939 at a meeting attended by seven founding members, including Aung San, the father of modern-day Myanmar. The party was banned in 1953 by the government of Myanmar, and its operation remains illegal in the country.
The 2018 National League 2, also known as the 2018 MPT Myanmar National League 2, is the 6th season of the MNL-2, the second division league for association football clubs since its founding in 2012. At the end of the 2017 MNL-2, City Yangon F.C. won the MNL-2 title. And then, City Yangon F.C. and Sagaing United promoted to 2018 Myanmar National League. But City Yangon F.C. quit from Myanmar National League. So, Myawady FC auto promoted to 2018 Myanmar National League. City Yangon F.C. and Chin United F.C. abandoned their clubs. In 2018 National League 2, there is only seven will play for MNL-2 winner.
Since 25 August 2017, Bangladesh has received at least 655,500 refugees. As of 11 January 2018, 971,627 refugees were registered in Bangladesh. The Parliament of Bangladesh adopted a unanimous resolution urging the international community to pressure Myanmar to provide citizenship and safe return for the Rohingya. The President of Bangladesh Abdul Hamid suggested that a United Nations-administered humanitarian corridor be established in Myanmar for the Rohingya. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said, "They (Myanmar) should stop the violence. The Myanmar government should have handled this situation patiently and not allowed the army to attack the common people. What are the crimes of the women, children, the innocent people? They are not responsible". Foreign Minister Abul Hassan Mahmud Ali said that Myanmar's actions were being described as genocide. National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh chairman Kazi Reazul Hoque alluded to the prospect of international prosecution of Myanmar forces: "The way the genocide has been carried out in Myanmar, the way the people were killed in arson attacks, we are thinking about pressing for a trial against Myanmar, and against the Myanmar army at an international tribunal". The Bangladeshi foreign ministry summoned the Myanmar envoy several times since the crisis began, protesting the refugee influx and alleged intrusions by Myanmar aircraft into Bangladeshi airspace. Major General Abul Hussain, a border force commander, promised a "befitting reply" to any "untoward situation" on the Bangladesh-Myanmar border.