Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that can help answer the question.
Query: Who is the current political leader of Indonesia?
On 20 October 2014, Joko Widodo became the seventh and current president of Indonesia.
To gain official acceptance and their rights in a Muslim-dominated country, Hinduism in Indonesia was politically forced to adapt. Currently Hindu Dharma is one of the five officially recognized monotheistic religions in Indonesia.
Abdurrahman Wahid (/ˌɑːbdʊəˈrɑːxmɑːn wɑːˈhiːd/(listen) AHB-doo-RAHKH-mahn wah-HEED; born Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil;[2][3] 7 September 1940 – 30 December 2009), colloquially known as Gus Dur (listen), was an Indonesian Muslim religious and political leader who served as the President of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001. The long-time president of the Nahdlatul Ulama and the founder of the National Awakening Party (PKB), Wahid was the first elected president of Indonesia after the resignation of Suharto in 1998.
In 1942, the Empire of Japan invaded countries in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. The Japanese seized the key oil production zones of Borneo, Java, Sumatera, and the Netherlands New Guinea (the modern day Indonesian province of Papua, which was also conveniently abundant in highly valuable copper) of the late Dutch East Indies, defeating the Dutch forces and were welcomed by many as liberating heroes by Javanese natives. Many natives saw as the realization of an indigenous Javanese prophecy. The Japanese encouraged the spread of Indonesian nationalist sentiment. Although this was done more for Japanese political advantage than from altruistic support of Indonesian independence, this support created new Indonesian institutions and elevated political leaders such as Soekarno. Through recruiting Indonesian nationalist leaders, the Japanese attempted to rally Indonesian support and mobilize the Indonesian people in support of the Japanese war efforts. The experience of the Japanese occupation of Indonesia varied considerably, depending upon where one's location and social position. Many who lived in areas considered essential to the war effort endured torture, Sexual slavery, arbitrary arrest and execution, and other war crimes. Many thousands of people were taken away from Indonesia as forced laborers, or "romusha", for Japanese military projects where there was a very high death rate.
In October 1908, the first nationalist movement was formed, Budi Utomo. On 10 September 1912, the first nationalist mass movement was formed: Sarekat Islam. By December 1912, Sarekat Islam had 93,000 members. The Dutch responded after the First World War with repressive measures. The nationalist leaders came from a small group of young professionals and students, some of whom had been educated in the Netherlands. In the post–World War I era, the Indonesian communists who were associated with the Third International started to usurp the nationalist movement. The repression of the nationalist movement led to many arrests, including Indonesia's first president, Sukarno (1901–70), who was imprisoned for political activities on 29 December 1929. Also arrested was Mohammad Hatta, first Vice-President of Indonesia. Additionally, Sutan Sjahrir, who later became the first Prime Minister of Indonesia, was arrested on this date.
ICMI was criticized as being a lobby group used by Suharto's unpopular regime to shore up political support from Indonesia Muslims. It was also seen as devoted to the political advancement of B. J. Habibie, who was widely seen as the potential successor to Suharto. Its high-level involvement in the government was also criticized by mass Indonesia Muslim groups such as the NU and the Islamic Association of University Students (HMI) as being more concerned with political power than the advancement of Islamic objectives. ICMI's ranks were believed to be infiltrated by Islamists who sought to exercise political power through the Suharto regime and consequently it aroused considerable opposition amongst secular Indonesians and non- Indonesia Muslims.
Youth Parliament of Indonesia is a simulation of a parliamentary session targeted for the youth of Indonesia. This program is inspired by the UK Youth Parliament and European Union Youth Parliament. Youth Parliament of Indonesia aims to create politically aware youths of Indonesia so that they are able to speak up their creative ideas to solve for some common problems in Indonesia, such as education, environmental sustainability and healthcare.
Shortly after the independence of Indonesia on August 17, 1945, national figures who were also prominent leaders in the Indonesian Christian community were compelled to establish The Church Council of Indonesia (DGI: Dewan Gereja Indonesia). 
The Dayak Unity Party (, PPD) was a political party in Indonesia. Formed to represent 'primordial' interests of the Dayak people, the party was one few political parties in Indonesia at the time which was formed along ethnic lines. Oevaang Oeray, the first governor of West Kalimantan and one of the founders of the PPD, was a prominent leader of the party.
Siti Noordjannah Djohantini is a female Islamic scholar from Indonesia and currently serving her second term as the leader of Aisyiyah, Indonesia's first all-female Muslim organization. She was elected to her second term as leader on August 6, 2015, the same day on which her husband Haedar Nashir was elected to his first term as leader of Muhammadiyah. She was also the co-founder of Yasanti, Indonesia's first female workers' rights NGO.
Immediately following the attempted coup in 1965, the political situation was uncertain, but the Suharto's New Order found much popular support from groups wanting a separation from Indonesia's problems since its independence. The 'generation of 66' ("Angkatan 66") epitomized talk of a new group of young leaders and new intellectual thought. Following Indonesia's communal and political conflicts, and its economic collapse and social breakdown of the late 1950s through to the mid-1960s, the "New Order" was committed to achieving and maintaining political order, economic development, and the removal of mass participation in the political process. The features of the "New Order" established from the late 1960s were thus a strong political role for the military, the bureaucratization and corporatization of political and societal organizations, and selective but effective repression of opponents. Strident anti-communism remained a hallmark of the regime for its subsequent 32 years.
Indonesian Future Leaders (IFL) is a non-profit organization which focuses its activity on youth empowerment and social voluntarism. It was founded on September 27, 2009 by 7 youths aged 17–18 to nurture Indonesia’s future leaders who are capable of being the agent of change for their community. The organization is run by all youths and has approximately 150 staffs, 700 volunteers, and 30,000 online supporters as of early 2013 spread all in its seven chapters in Jakarta, Bandung, Malang, Yogyakarta, Bali, Medan, and Bulukumba (South Sulawesi). IFL’s tagline of “Initiate, Act, Share, Inspire” is represented in its various capacity building, community development, and advocacy projects online and offline which aim to create socially aware future leaders of Indonesia. In February 2012, IFL has won the Millennium Development Goals awards presented by the government of the Republic of Indonesia for its active involvement in promoting the MDGs to Indonesian youths. Currently, IFL is led by Muhammad Iman Usman as the President and Dian Aditya Ning Lestari as the Vice President.
Megawati is the leader of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), one of Indonesia's largest political parties. She is the daughter of Indonesia's first president, Sukarno.
The most populous Muslim-majority country.
She served as president of Indonesia from 2001-2004, becoming the first female president of Indonesia and the fourth female to lead a Muslim-majority nation.
During the beginning of the Reformasi (reformation) era, the ascendance of Islamic political parties had led to the election of Abdurrahman Wahid, the leader of NU, as the fourth president of Indonesia, and the appointment of Amien Rais, the leader of Muhammadiyah, as the chairman of the People's Consultative Assembly. This era was briefly marked by the collapse of social order, erosion of central administrative control and the breakdown of law enforcement. They resulted in violent conflicts in which Islamic groups were involved, including separatism of Aceh where more conservative form of Islam is favored, and sectarian clashes between Muslims and Christians in Maluku and Poso. With the collapse of the establishment, MUI began distancing themselves from the government and attempted to exercise wider influence toward the Islamic civil society in Indonesia. This led to the issuance of controversial 2005 fatwa condemning the notion of liberalism, secularism and pluralism,[67] and subsequent criticism by progressive intellectuals.[68] Political transition from the authoritarianism to democracy, however, went relatively smoothly owing considerably to the commitment of tolerance by the mass organizations such as NU and Muhammadiyah. This made Muslim civil society a key part of Indonesia’s democratic transition.[69][70]
ETAN eschews slogans. Its original mission was achieved in 2001, and much remains to be achieved in its current scope; its homepage is dedicated to the most recent issues affecting the southeast Asian area or the occasional endorsement from political leaders.
There are many twentieth and twenty-first century examples of women leading Muslim-majority countries. The majority of all Muslims in the world live in countries that have, at some time, elected women as their leaders. The three most populous Muslim-majority countries have had women as leaders including Indonesia, Pakistan and Bangladesh. , women still face many pressures as political leaders, including arrests, imprisonments and assassination attempts.
The Leader of the Opposition in Victoria is the leader of the largest political party in parliament but not in government. He or she is always a member of the Legislative Assembly. The current Opposition Leader is Michael O'Brien of the Liberal Party. He was elected Liberal leader on 6 December 2018, replacing Matthew Guy who resigned after losing the 2018 Victorian state election.
The Leader of Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition (more commonly known as the Leader of the Opposition) is the politician who leads the official opposition in the United Kingdom.
The Leader of the Opposition by convention leads the largest party not within the government: where one party wins outright this is the party leader of the second largest political party in the House of Commons. The current Leader of the Opposition is Jeremy Corbyn, Leader of the Labour Party, who was elected to the leadership of the Labour Party on 12 September 2015.
Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal and Security of Indonesia (abbreviated "Kemenko Polhukam") is the Indonesian government ministry in charge of planning and policy co-ordination, as well as synchronisation of policies in the fields of politics, law, and security. Kemenkopolhukam is led by a Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security. Throughout its history, the post is always occupied by a retired Indonesian National Armed Forces high-ranked officers. The current Coordinating Minister is Wiranto.
Immediately following the attempted coup in 1965, the political situation was uncertain, but the Suharto's New Order found much popular support from groups wanting a separation from Indonesia's problems since its independence. The 'generation of 66' ("Angkatan 66") epitomised talk of a new group of young leaders and new intellectual thought. Following Indonesia's communal and political conflicts, and its economic collapse and social breakdown of the late 1950s through to the mid-1960s, the "New Order" was committed to achieving and maintaining political order, economic development, and the removal of mass participation in the political process. The features of the "New Order" established from the late 1960s were thus a strong political role for the military, the bureaucratisation and corporatisation of political and societal organisations, and selective but effective repression of opponents. Strident anti-communism remained a hallmark of the regime for its subsequent 32 years.
The Leader of the Opposition () in Nova Scotia is the MLA in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly who leads the political party recognized as the Official Opposition. This status generally goes to the leader of the second largest party in the Legislative Assembly. Tim Houston, the current leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is the current leader of the opposition.
The Constitutional Court rules over disputes concerning the Constitution of Indonesia as well as matters involving elections and political parties. The current Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia is Arief Hidayat, who replaced Hamdan Zoelva in 2015. Zoelva's predecessor, Akil Mochtar, was stripped of his powers following allegations of accepting bribes. The current Deputy Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia is Anwar Usman.
At the moment, Muhammadiyah is the second largest Islamic organization in Indonesia with 29 million members. Although Muhammadiyah leaders and members are often actively involved in shaping the politics in Indonesia, Muhammadiyah is not a political party. It has devoted itself to social and educational activities.
The New Indonesia Party of Struggle () is a political party in Indonesia. It was established as the New Indonesia Alliance Party ("Partai Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru") by the economist Dr. Sjahrir and was initially made up of university students, middle-class people and the leaders of several political parties. In a speech on 23 September 2002, Sjahrir said he wanted to establish the party because he was frustrated and angry with the political situation dominated by corruption and the craving for power.