Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that answer the question.
Query: Who was pope before Gregory XIII?
Pope Gregory XIII (Latin: Gregorius XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this day.
The pope suffered from a fever on 5 April 1585 and on 7 April said his usual private Mass still in ill health. The pope seemed to recover enough that he was able to conduct meetings throughout 8-9 April though it was observed he did not feel well. But a sudden change on 10 April saw the pope confined to bed and was noticed to have had a cold sweat and weak pulse; Gregory XIII himself received the Extreme Unction moments before he died.[10]
On 14 July 1574, Cesare Marullo was appointed by Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Agrigento.
On 11 September 1577, he was appointed by Pope Gregory XIII as Archbishop of Palermo. 
He served as Archbishop of Palermo until his death on 12 November 1588.
On 9 March 1577, Giuseppe Faraon was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Massa Lubrense.
On 26 November 1581, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Crotone. 
He served as Bishop of Crotone until his death in 1588.
Cardinal Cossa was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, withdrew their allegiance from Pope Gregory XII, stating that he had broken his solemn oath not to create new cardinals without consulting them in advance. In company with those cardinals who had been following Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon, they convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became a leading figure. The aim of the council was to end the schism; to this end they deposed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected a new pope Alexander V in 1409. Gregory and Benedict ignored this decision, however, so that there were now three simultaneous claimants to the papacy.
During his time in Angers, he met a foreign prince who invited him to go to travel to Italy with him. In Venice, he fell ill. Through his doctor, he met his doctor's brother, Ugo Boncompagni, a professor of law at the University of Bologna who later became Pope Gregory XIII. Through Ugo Boncompagni, Cointerel gained a position in the household of Boncompagni's colleague Andrea de Boni. Shortly after Cointerel entered Boni's household, Boni was called to Rome by Pope Paul III and Cointerel moved to Rome with him. At that time, Boni became a Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. Boni was also a participant in the Council of Trent and Cointerel accompanied him there. Cointerel later became a datary of Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este in the Kingdom of France, and later to Cardinal Michele Bonelli in Spain, the Kingdom of Portugal, and the Kingdom of France. Then, the pope appointed him to the Apostolic Camera, a post that he resigned sometime before 1 June 1573. On 1 June 1573, Pope Gregory XIII named Cointerel his datary, and then on 1 June 1573 made him a canon of St. Peter's Basilica.
On 1 October 1574, Caesar Busdragus was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Alessano. On 11 August 1578, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Archbishop of Chieti. He served as Archbishop of Chieti until his death in October 1585.
Thereupon on 4 July 1415, Malatesta, acting in the name of Gregory XII, pronounced the resignation of the Pope, which the cardinals accepted. According to prior agreement, they agreed to retain all the cardinals that had been created by Gregory XII, thus satisfying the Corraro clan, and appointed Gregory XII Bishop of Frascati, Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals and perpetual legate at Ancona. The Council then set aside Antipope John XXIII (1410–15), the successor of Alexander V. After the former follower of Benedict XIII appeared, the council declared him deposed; and the Western Schism was ended. A new Roman pontiff, Pope Martin V, was not elected before Gregory XII's death. Therefore, the Papal seat was vacant for two years.
On 17 November 1574, Pietrantonio Vicedomini was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi e Bisaccia.
On 4 November 1580, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Avellino e Frigento.
He served as Bishop of Avellino e Frigento until his resignation in 1591.
Upon the death of Pope Pius V (1566–1572), the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory I (590–604), surnamed the Great. It was a very brief conclave, lasting less than 24 hours. Many historians have attributed this to the influence and backing of the Spanish King. Cardinal Borromeo and the cardinals wishing reform accepted Boncompagni's candidature and so supported him in the conclave while the Spanish faction also deemed him acceptable due to his success as a nuncio in Spain.
Gregory VII was beatified by Pope Gregory XIII in 1584 and canonized on 24 May 1728 by Pope Benedict XIII.
Lorenzo Campeggi was born in Bologna, Italy in 1547.
In May 1577, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Apostolic Nuncio to Naples; he resigned from the position on 5 Jan 1580.
On 6 May 1581, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Apostolic Nuncio to Venice; he resigned from the position on 22 Jun 1585.
On 8 Jan 1582, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Cervia.
He served as Bishop of Cervia until his death on 6 Nov 1585.
On 16 January 1573, Antonio Lombardo was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Mazara del Vallo.
On 30 March 1579, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Agrigento.
On 23 January 1585, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Archbishop of Messina.
He served as Archbishop of Messina until his death on 13 September 1597.
The Jesuits used the existing block of buildings, awaiting a benefactor to build a college building for their burgeoning student population on their more than ample land. That benefactor came in the person of Pope Gregory XIII who took a liking to the nascent institution and in 1574 assigned larger annuities. Then in 1581 with funding from the Pope and his relatives, on 11 January 1582 his nephew Cardinal Filippo Boncompagni laid the foundation stone for the new college building, designed by Florentine architect Bartolomeo Ammannati. Classes began on 28 October 1584. A picture on display at the Roman College shows Pope Gregory XIII present at the inauguration.
In Rome Gregory XIII built the magnificent Gregorian chapel in the Basilica of St. Peter, and extended the Quirinal Palace in 1580. He also turned the Baths of Diocletian into a granary in 1575.
A central part of the strategy of Gregory XIII's reform was to apply the recommendations of Trent. He was a liberal patron of the recently formed Society of Jesus throughout Europe, for which he founded many new colleges. The Roman College of the Jesuits grew substantially under his patronage, and became the most important centre of learning in Europe for a time. It is now named the Pontifical Gregorian University. Pope Gregory XIII also founded numerous seminaries for training priests, beginning with the German College at Rome, and put them in the charge of the Jesuits.
The present church is the result of a rebuilding by Carlo Rainaldi in 1575-6 under Pope Gregory XIII. At this time it became denominated "in Panisperna", rather than "in Formoso", and its present facade was constructed. A new, outer portico was added in the 17th century, then restored and decorated with images of St. Lawrence and St. Francis of Assisi in 1893-4 by Pope Leo XIII, who in 1843 had been ordained bishop in the church. Pope Leo XIII also constructed a steep flight of steps in front of the church that led to a tree-lined courtyard. A modern, bronze statue of St. Bridget of Sweden adorns this courtyard. 
He participated in the papal conclave of 1572 that elected Pope Gregory XIII. The new pope named him archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore; during the jubilee year of 1575, he opened the holy door there. Gregory XIII also made him cardinal protector of Spain. Sometime before March 30, 1573, he resigned the government of the Diocese of Parma. He was named Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura on January 12, 1575. On July 11, 1580, he was named papal legate to the Papal States (in addition to remaining legate to Bologna), charged with eliminating banditry.
However, even following "Romanum decet pontificem", only three of the eight Popes of the 18th century failed to make a nephew or brother cardinal. The College of Cardinals apparently preferred rule by nephews than by favorites, which they perceived as the alternative; for example, the College urged Pope Benedict XIII (1724–1730) to appoint a cardinal-nephew, who they hoped would replace Benedict XIII's notorious lieutenant Niccolò Coscia. Pope Gregory XIII (1572–1585) also had to be urged by key figures in the College to appoint his cardinal-nephew: Filippo Boncompagni.
The pope during his pontificate canonized four saints during his pontificate and in 1584 beatified his predecessor Pope Gregory VII.
Pope Gregory XIII (r. 1572–1585) created 34 cardinals in eight consistories.
Finally, a council was convened by Pisan antipope John XXIII in 1414 at Constance to resolve the issue. This was endorsed by Pope Gregory XII, thus ensuring the legitimacy of any election. The council, advised by the theologian Jean Gerson, secured the resignations of John XXIII and Pope Gregory XII, who resigned in 1415, while excommunicating the second antipope, Benedict XIII, who refused to step down. The Council elected Pope Martin V in 1417, essentially ending the schism. Nonetheless, the Crown of Aragon did not recognize Pope Martin V and continued to recognize Benedict XIII. Archbishops loyal to Benedict XIII subsequently elected Antipope Benedict XIV (Bernard Garnier) and three followers simultaneously elected Antipope Clement VIII, but the Western Schism was by then practically over. Clement VIII resigned in 1429 and apparently recognized Martin V.
During his pontificate, the pope created 34 cardinals in eight consistories; this included naming his nephew Filippo Boncompagni to the cardinalate in the pope's first consistory in 1572. Gregory XIII also named four of his predecessors as cardinals all in 1583: Giovanni Battista Castagna (Urban VII), Niccolò Sfondrati (Gregory XIV), Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti (Innocent IX), and Alessandro de' Medici (Leo XI).
Pope Gregory XIII had no connection with the plot of Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother, Charles, Duke of Mayenne, to assassinate Elizabeth I in 1582.
The adoption of this formula is dated from the election of Odo Colonna as Pope Martin V (1417), who was chosen as the new pope by the cardinals and representatives from different countries at the Council of Constance. In this context, prior to Martin V, there were three claimants to the papal throne: Antipope John XXIII (who had called for the council, and appointed most of the cardinal electors), Antipope Benedict XIII (the only one to have been named cardinal before the outbreak of the Western Schism) and Pope Gregory XII. The first two were deposed by the Council itself, and Gregory XII abdicated after formally convoking the already convened council and authorizing its acts including the act of electing his successor. Two years after the first two contenders were deposed and the resignation of the third, the council elected the new pope. The announcement, therefore, could be interpreted as: "(Finally) we have a pope (and only one!) ".