Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that answer the question.
Query: Where is the most Navajo at?
At more than 300,000 enrolled tribal members as of 2015,[1][2] the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the U.S. (the Cherokee Nation being the largest) and has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,000 square miles of land in Arizona, Utah and New Mexico. The Navajo language is spoken throughout the region, with most Navajos speaking English, as well.
Coyote (Navajo: ) is an irresponsible and trouble-making character and he is one of the most important and revered characters in Navajo mythology. Even though is the Navajo god of rain, Coyote also has powers over rain. Coyote's ceremonial name is which means "first scolder". In Navajo tradition, Coyote appears in creation myths, teaching stories, and healing ceremonies.
Only one Navajo word has been fully absorbed into the English language: hogan (from Navajo hooghan) – a term referring to the traditional houses.[88] Others with limited English recognition include chindi (an evil spirit of the deceased),[89] and Kayenta (a place name, from tééʼndééh 'game pit where wild animals fall into deep water').[90] The taxonomic genus name Uta may be of Navajo origin.[91] It has been speculated that English-speaking settlers were reluctant to take on more Navajo loanwords compared to many other Native American languages, including the Hopi language, because the Navajo were among the most violent resisters to colonialism.[92]
Barboncito (1821–1871) was a famous Navajo political and spiritual leader. His name means bearded in Spanish ("barbón" = bearded and "-cito" = conjucated to add a little flare). He also was known as Hástiin Dághá (Man with the Whiskers), , (The Orator), and (Blessing Speaker). Barboncito was born into the "Ma'íí deeshgíízhiníí" (Coyote Pass People) clan at Cañon de Chelly in 1820 and was a brother to Delgadito. He was a signatory of several treaties between the United States and Navajos, including the Doniphan Treaty of 1846 (Also known as the Bear Springs Treaty), which was an attempt to establish peace between the Navajo and whites during the Mexican War. This treaty proved to be unsuccessful, as not all of the Navajo Chiefs were willing to become signatory to it. This would later lead to armed rebellion against the United States where Barboncito worked together with another Navajo, Manuelito, in order to try and stop the forced relocation of Navajo tribe members to Bosque Redando. Barboncito was the Head Chief of the Navajo when the Bosque Redondo Treaty of 1868 was signed. This treaty contained articles which would end hostilities between the United States and the Navajo people, as well as allowing them to return to their ancestral land at Cañon de Chelly in Arizona and having a reservation established there. The impact of this aspect of the treaty was the end of the Long Walk of the Navajo which had claimed the lives of thousands of Navajo people. Of all the Navajos of his time, Barboncito is probably most responsible for the long-term success of the Navajo culture and relations with non-Navajos. As well as being established as a skillful negotiator and leader of the Navajo people. Shortly after the enactment of the Bosque Redando Treaty, Barboncito died in 1871 at Cañon de Chelly.
Written records establish the Navajo as fine weavers for at least the last 300 years, beginning with Spanish colonial descriptions of the early 18th century. By 1812, Pedro Piño called the Navajo the best weavers in the province. Few remnants of 18th-century Navajo weaving survive; the most important surviving examples of early Navajo weaving come from Massacre Cave at Canyon de Chelly, Arizona. In 1804, a group of Navajo were shot and killed there, where they were seeking refuge from Spanish soldiers. For a hundred years the cave remained untouched due to Navajo taboos until a local trader named Sam Day entered it and retrieved the textiles. Day separated the collection and sold it to various museums. The majority of Massacre Cave blankets feature plain stripes, yet some exhibit the terraces and diamonds characteristic of later Navajo weaving.
Both officers were later assigned to New Mexico, where in 1860 Canby coordinated a campaign against the Navajo, commanding Sibley in a futile attempt to capture and punish Navajo for "depredations" against the livestock of settlers. The campaign ended in frustration, with Canby and Sibley rarely sighting Navajo raiders. Usually they saw the Navajo at a distance and never got close to them.
A Chapter is the most local form of government in the Navajo Nation. The Nation is broken into five agencies. Each agency contains chapters; currently there are 110 local chapters, each with their own chapter house. Chapters are semi-self autonomous, being able to decide most matters which concern their own chapter. Typically, they meet in a Chapter house (), where they can also express their opinions to their Navajo Nation Council Delegate, although those opinions are non-binding. As of January 2004, there were a total of 110 such meeting places in existence. Currently there are 24 delegates who represent the 110 chapter. The number of delegates was reduced from 88 in the 2010 election.
The Navajos are speakers of a Na-Dené Southern Athabaskan language known within the language as Diné bizaad (lit. 'People's language'). The language comprises two geographic, mutually intelligible dialects. The Apache language is closely related to the Navajo Language; the Navajos and Apaches are believed to have migrated from northwestern Canada and eastern Alaska, where the majority of Athabaskan speakers reside.[4] Speakers of various other Athabaskan languages located in Canada may still comprehend the Navajo language despite the geographic and linguistic deviation of the languages.[5] Additionally, some Navajos speak Navajo Sign Language, which is either a dialect or daughter of Plains Sign Talk, as well as some being speakers of Plains Sign Talk itself.[6]
At the time, an artist and ethnologist named Maud Oakes was living on the reservation. With King's permission, she recorded the ceremony, including the sand-paintings. She published the text and her paintings, with commentary by mythologist Joseph Campbell, as "Where the Two Came to Their Father: A Navaho War Ceremonial". It is one of the most complete extant recordings of a Navajo ritual.
As no physical boundaries or signposts were set in place, many Navajo ignored these formal boundaries and returned to where they had been living prior to captivity.[8] A significant number of Navajo had never lived in the Hwéeldi near (Fort Sumner). They remained or moved to near the Little Colorado and Colorado rivers, on Naatsisʼáán (Navajo Mountain) and some with Apache bands.[7]
In the early 1940s Young joined the Bureau of Indian Affairs, where he worked in the Southwest at the Navajo Agency in Window Rock, Arizona. Morgan also joined the BIA, and the two worked together for decades on the Navajo language, making it the most documented indigenous language in the United States.
Navajo uses a number of postpositions where Indo-European languages tend to favor prepositions; thus, all spatial and most other relations such as "under", "on", or "above" are expressed by using the possessive prefix in combination with a postposition. All postpositions are inalienable, meaning that a prefix or fusion with a true noun is mandatory.
Navajo Prep competes in NMAA's District 1-AA with Navajo Pine, Ramah, Pine Hill, and Rehoboth in most sports and Navajo Pine, Newcomb, Laguna-Acoma, and Dulce in football.
Richard Fowler Van Valkenburgh founded the Navajo Rangers in 1957. Valkenburgh (a non-native man) was born in Newark, Alameda County, California. He graduated from Compton Union High School in California and then began working with Standard Oil and Richfield Oil Companies between 1923 and 1928. He soon after began work in Archaeology as a student assistant in the Los Angeles Museum of History, Art and Science. Valkenburgh developed a strong interest in the Indians of Southern California and Arizona during his archaeological research in these areas. Richard started research in Navajo archaeology and ethnology in 1934. In 1938 he wrote A Short History of the Navajo People, and in wrote many other articles for western magazines over the years. More than forty of his articles were published in Desert Magazine alone. Most important to Richard, in the course of his life, was his work for and with the Navajo people. Valkenburgh was employed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs to oversee research on land problems, but then resigned in 1942. In 1951, he returned to the reservation to work on Navajo land claims for the Tribal Council. He was Chief of the Land Use and Surveys Section of the Navajo Tribe, and did a great deal to establish proof of the historical occupancy rights of the Hopi and Navajo Indians from earliest times. Richard was also involved in many other projects benefiting the Navajo Nation. He analyzed boundary line disputes, was influential in the Governmental decision to add lands to the Navajo Reservation, aided in preserving historic records and files of the Navajo Tribe, and brought about the establishment of a Navajo Park Commission for preservation of Navajo antiquities. He also lived, ate, worked and slept among the natives throughout his extensive work with Navajo. Richard died of a heart attack on June 19, 1957. He is buried in the Navajo Cemetery at Fort Defiance, in an honored place next to the late leader of the Navajos, Chee Dodge.
Carson enlisted the neighboring tribes in aiding his campaign to capture as many Navajos as he could. One tribe that proved to be most useful were the Utes. The Utes were very knowledgeable of the lands of the Navajos, and were very familiar with Navajo strongholds as well. Carson would launch his full-scale assault on the Navajo population in January 1864. He would destroy everything in his path, eradicating the way of life of the Navajo people. Hogans were burned to the ground, livestock was killed off, and irrigated fields would be destroyed. Navajos who surrendered were taken to Fort Canby and those who resisted were killed. Navajos would be able to escape Carson's campaign but were soon forced to surrender due to starvation and the freezing temperature of the winter months.
In the Navajo language, ' translates to "by means of it, it goes on all fours". While perhaps the most common variety seen in horror fiction by non-Navajo people, the ' is one of several varieties of Navajo witch, specifically a type of "". The legend of the skin-walkers is not well understood outside of Navajo culture, mostly due to reluctance to discuss the subject with outsiders. Navajo people are reluctant to reveal skin-walker lore to non-Navajos, or to discuss it at all among those they do not trust:
In December 2012, Ben Shelly led a delegation of Navajos overseas to Israel, where they toured the country as representatives for the Navajo people. In April 2013, Shelly's aide, Deswood Tome, led a delegation of Israeli agricultural specialists on a tour of resources on the Navajo Nation.[49]
Navajo Mountain High School is a senior high school in Navajo Mountain, an unincorporated area in San Juan County, Utah and within the Navajo Nation. The school, a part of the San Juan School District, uses an Arizona mailing address. It is located in a low income area away from the closest gas station; the Navajo Mountain Chapter stated that Navajo Mountain is the most isolated community in the entire Navajo Nation.
An injury to a climber in late March 1970 (American Alpine Journal 1971 accident report) caused the Navajo Nation to ban rock climbing not only on Shiprock but all over the Navajo Nation. The Navajo Nation announced that the ban was "absolute, final and unconditional". Due to "the Navajo's traditional fear of death and its aftermath, such accidents and especially fatalities often render the area where they occur as taboo, and the location is sometimes henceforth regarded as contaminated by evil spirits and is considered a place to be avoided." The pinnacle is located on private property of Navajo grazing lease holders and is currently monitored and overseen by Shiprock tribal community advocates. Two Navajo chapter tribal government organizations claim jurisdiction over the formation. The Navajo tribal parks and recreation department does not have jurisdiction over the formation because it is not presently a tribal park. The formation is a highly sacred religious site to the Navajo people. 
A hogan, the traditional Navajo home, is built as a shelter for either a man or for a woman. Since they live in the arid Four Corners area, the houses are made of dried mud. Male hogans are square or conical with a distinct rectangular entrance, while a female hogan is an eight-sided house. Both are made of wood and covered in mud, with the door always facing east to welcome the sun each morning. The Navajos construct hogans out of poles and brush covered with earth.[39] Navajos also have several types of hogans for lodging and ceremonial use. Ceremonies, such as healing ceremonies or the kinaaldá, take place inside a hogan.[40] According to Kehoe, this style of housing is distinctive to the Navajos. She writes, "even today, a solidly constructed, log-walled Hogan is preferred by many Navajo families." Most Navajo members today live in apartments and houses in urban areas.[41]
In 1958, he was hired by the Tribal Research Section of the Navajo Tribe, where he assembled documentation for the Navajo Tribe's case before the U.S. Land Claims Commission. He researched the Navajo claim to their traditional lands by using anthropology, Navajo oral tradition, written sources and archaeology research.
Along with Lee J. Correll, Editha L. Watson and others, Brugge assembled a comprehensive Navajo bibliography published by the Navajo Tribe. He conducted extensive research to document every mention of Navajo in the Catholic Church Records of New Mexico between 1694-1875. This is a primary document for studies about Indian slavery in the Southwest.
Navajo () is a census-designated place (CDP) in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 2,097 at the 2000 census. Navajo is the most Navajo town in the United States, with 95.04% of residents having full or partial Navajo ancestry.
The traditional Navajo homeland spans from Arizona through western New Mexico, where the Navajo had houses and raised livestock. There was a long historical pattern in the Southwest of groups or bands raiding and trading with each other. This included Navajo, Spanish, Mexican, Apache, Comanche, Ute, and the "new men" (Anglo-Americans), as Chief Narbona called them in 1846. Events before 1863, included a cycle of treaties, raids and counter-raids by the US Army, the Navajo and a civilian militia, with civilian speculators often on the fringe. Most of the militia involved were longtime enemies of the Navajo, like Spanish descendants from northern New Mexico, where Spain had established several settlements beginning in the late 16th century during the New Mexico's Colonial period.
Navajo or Navaho (/ˈnævəhoʊ, ˈnɑː-/;[3] Navajo: Diné bizaad [tìnépìz̥ɑ̀ːt] or Naabeehó bizaad [nɑ̀ːpèːhópìz̥ɑ̀ːt]) is a Southern Athabaskan language of the Na-Dené family, by which it is related to languages spoken across the western areas of North America. Navajo is spoken primarily in the Southwestern United States, especially on the Navajo Nation. It is one of the most widely spoken Native American languages and is the most widely spoken north of the Mexico–United States border, with almost 170,000 Americans speaking Navajo at home as of 2011. The language has struggled to keep a healthy speaker base, although this problem has been alleviated to some extent by extensive education programs on the Navajo Nation.
Navajo is most closely related to Western Apache, with which it shares a similar tonal scheme[10] and more than 92 percent of its vocabulary. It is estimated that the Apacheean linguistic groups separated and became established as distinct societies, of which the Navajo were one, somewhere between 1300 and 1525.[11] As a member of the Western Apachean group, Navajo's next closest relatives is the Mescalero-Chiricahua language.[12] Navajo is generally considered mutually intelligible with all other Apachean languages.[13]