Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that answer the question.
Query: What is the population of Ulaanbaatar?
Ulaanbaatar, formerly anglicised as Ulan Bator /ˌuːlɑːn ˈbɑːtər/ (Mongolian: Улаанбаатар, [ʊɮɑːm.bɑːtʰɑ̆r], literally "Red Hero"), is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. The city is not part of any aimag (province), and its population as of 2014 was over 1.3 million, almost half of the country's total population.[1] Located in north central Mongolia, the municipality lies at an elevation of about 1,300 meters (4,300ft) in a valley on the Tuul River. It is the country's cultural, industrial and financial heart, the centre of Mongolia's road network and connected by rail to both the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia and the Chinese railway system.[3]
Bayangol has a population of 192,600.
The Ulaanbaatar trolleybus system forms part of the public transport network in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia. It is Mongolia's only trolleybus system.
On April 16, 1992, the Mongolyn Skautyn Kholboo was officially founded by Myagmaryn Esunmönkh, (b. September 9, 1970) a professor at Ulaanbaatar University. That year, the first Scout camp was organized near Ulaanbaatar, and 200 Scouts participated. Mongolia is particularly wellsuited for Scouting, with many picturesque places to camp and take part in traditional Scouting activities, and a very young population, where about 40% are children under 16. 
The British School of Ulaanbaatar (BSU) in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia is a private international school, which offers an educational program from Pre-school to Year 13 (UK) for students of all nationalities wishing to study a British school curriculum.
Air pollution is a problem in Mongolia's cities, especially in Ulaanbaatar, the largest and most densely populated city in Mongolia. The pollution in Ulaanbaatar comes from the emissions of vehicles, power plants, "gers," and other industrial activity"." 
FC Ulaanbaatar ( ) is a professional football club based in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. FC Ulaanbaatar competes in top division of the Mongolian Premier League.
A number of Xiongnu-era royal tombs have been discovered around Ulaanbaatar, including the tombs of Belkh Gorge near Dambadarjaalin monastery and tombs of Songinokhairkhan. Located on the banks of the Tuul River, Ulaanbaatar has been well within the sphere of Turco-Mongol nomadic empires throughout history.
Small settlements, like sum centers, may consist almost exclusively of ger districts. Even in Mongolia's capital Ulaanbaatar, around 62% of the population live in such districts. However, only about 43% of the ger district residents in Ulaanbaatar actually live in gers. Some of the districts in Ulaanbaatar have existed for more than 100 years, for example the one around Gandan, but many of those farther away from the city centre are the result of recent migration and the high price of other accommodation in Ulaanbaatar.
On March 31st, 2018 it was confirmed that Rogers had joined Ulaanbaatar City FC on a free transfer. It was reported “Rogers, formerly of Bayangol FC and FC Ulaanbaatar, will likely be Ulaanbaatar City FC's new #1 following Mauro Boerchio’s recent departure.”
Ulaanbaatar Metro () is a rapid transit system in the planning stages in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The Ulaan Baatar Metro project was approved in 2012, and construction was originally planned to be completed by 2020.
Ulaanbaatar () is the main railway station of Ulaanbaatar (or Ulan Bator), the capital of Mongolia.
Uliastai (; ), also spelled Uliyasutai or Oulia-Sontai, and sometimes known as Javkhlant, is a city in Mongolia located in the western part of the country and from the capital Ulaanbaatar. Uliastai is the capital of Zavkhan Province and was the 10th most populous city in the country with a population of 24,276 (2000 census). However, recent estimates have the city's population at 16,240 (.) making it the 16th most populous city in Mongolia.
As of 2010, the population of Ulaanbaatar was 1,240,037 inhabitants and is increasing by nearly 100,000 people a year. The transport problem is exacerbated by the harsh climate and long winters. Traffic movement is difficult because of congestion, and the air is heavily polluted by exhaust fumes.
The American School of Ulaanbaatar and the International School of Ulaanbaatar both offer Western-style K-12 education in English for Mongolian nationals and foreign residents.[56][57]
In Europe and North America, Ulaanbaatar continued to be generally known as Urga or Khure until 1924, and afterward as Ulan Bator (a spelling derived from Улан-Батор, Ulan-Bator). The Russian spelling ("Улан-Батор") is the Russian phonetic equivalent of the Mongolian name, according to Russian spelling conventions. This form was defined two decades before the Mongolian name got its current Cyrillic script spelling and 'Ulaanbaatar' transliteration (1941–1950); however, the name of the city was spelled Ulaanbaatar koto during the decade in which Mongolia used the Latin alphabet. Today, English speakers sometimes refer to the city as UB.
At , Mongolia is the 18th-largest and the most sparsely populated unitary sovereign state in the world, with a population of around 3 million people. It is also the world's second-largest landlocked country behind Kazakhstan and the largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea. The country contains very little arable land, as much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 45% of the country's population. Ulaanbaatar also shares the rank of the world's coldest capital city with Moscow, Ottawa, and Astana.
About 40% of the population lives in Ulaanbaatar, and in 2002 a further 23% lived in Darkhan, Erdenet, the aimag centers and sum-level permanent settlements. Another share of the population lives in the sum centers.
In April 2013, Ulaanbaatar hosted the 7th Ministerial Conference of the Community of Democracies, and has also lent its name to the Ulaanbaatar Dialogue on Northeast Asian Security. Since 7 July 2016, the Mayor of Ulaanbaatar and Governor of the Capital City has been Sükhbaataryn Batbold[22] (Mongolian People's Party).
The Press Institute in Ulaanbaatar oversees the Digital Archive of Mongolian Newspapers. It is a collection of 45 newspaper titles with a particular focus on the years after the fall of communism in Mongolia.[72] The project was supported by the British Library's "Endangered Archives Programme". The Metropolitan Central Library in Ulaanbaatar maintains a digital monthly news archive.[73]
After the Oyu Tolgoi investment agreement was signed in 2009 the first phase of the Mongolian mining boom started. Ulaanbaatar as the capital of the country came to be labelled one of the world's top frontier investment destinations. From 2009 to 2012 Ulaanbaatar's position rapidly rose in the investment world. Miners and bankers flocked to the city as construction and other sectors boomed. In September 2011 Ulaanbaatar was featured on CNNGo TV - the same year Mongolia had the fastest GDP growth in the world at 17.3%. Developments in the Mongolian parliament in Ulaanbaatar came to be closely watched by foreign investors. The pace of growth slowed after the passing of SEFIL (Strategic Entities Foreign Investment Law) in 2012. Although the law was amended in 2013 the pace of growth has yet to return to previous boom levels. In the meantime Ulaanbaatar has been steadily increasing its international profile on a political and international relations level. Ulaanbaatar has been receiving regular OSCE delegations after Mongolia became a participating state of the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe in November 2012. In April 2013 Ulaanbaatar (as capital of the country holding presidency) successfully hosted the 7th Ministerial Conference of the Community of Democracies attended by 1,215 delegates from 104 countries. Aung San Suu Kyi was one of the attendees. It has also hosted the North Korea-Japan talks on abduction issues. In November 2013 Ulaanbaatar organized the first Meeting of Women Parliamentarians of Northeast Asian Countries. In June 2014 it hosted the first international conference of the Ulaanbaatar Dialogue on Northeast Asian Security. In August 2014 Ulaanbaatar hosted the Northeast Asian Mayors' Forum and became sister cities with Beijing. In August and September 2014 Ulaanbaatar was visited by both Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin. In 2016 Ulaanbaatarwill host the 11th Asia Europe Meeting (ASEM Summit). Ulaanbaatar also started hosting international music concerts in large stadiums. Michael Learns to Rock, ONYX and the Korean K-pop group T-ara have all performed in Ulaanbaatar. Previously only little known Russian pop stars used to come. The city has become increasingly Anglophone and English signs are common on streets and billboards. Korean culture also has a strong influence in the city as reflected in the numerous Korean businesses in the city center and the adoption of Korean styles among a large number of urban youth. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Mongolia on 16 May 2015.
The New Ulaanbaatar International Airport () , or the Khöshig Valley Airport () is a new international airport presently under construction 52 km south of Ulaanbaatar city center in Sergelen sum, Töv Province, Mongolia. It will serve Ulaanbaatar and its metropolitan area..
Ulaanbaatar is twinned with:
The construction project name for the airport is the New Ulaanbaatar International Airport or NUBIA.
Alternative names given in the media include "Chinggis Khaan International Airport", "Khöshig Valley International Airport", "Khöshig International Airport" and "Ulaanbaatar Khöshig International Airport".
Ulaanbaatar City is a football club from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. They currently play in the Mongolian Premier League, the highest level of football in Mongolia and made their debut appearance in the 2016 season. Since January 2017 the team has been coached by Spaniard Manuel Retamero Fraile.