Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant passages that can help answer the question.
Query: Where is Silicone Valley located?
Silicon Valley is a region in the southern San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California that serves as a global center for high technology, innovation and social media. It corresponds roughly to the geographical area of Santa Clara Valley. San Jose is the Valley's largest city, the third largest in California, and the tenth largest in the United States. Other major Silicon Valley cities include Palo Alto, Menlo Park, Cupertino, Santa Clara, Mountain View, and Sunnyvale.[1] The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the third highest GDP per capita in the world (after Zurich, Switzerland and Oslo, Norway), according to the Brookings Institution.[2]
Sustainable Silicon Valley is a multi-stakeholder collaborative initiative to produce significant environmental improvement and resource conservation in Silicon Valley through the development and implementation of a regional environmental management system (EMS). SSV began in 2001 as a collaboration among business, led by the Silicon Valley Leadership Group (SVLG); government, led by California Environmental Protection Agency and political leaders; and non-governmental organizations, led by the Silicon Valley Environmental Partnership (SVEP).
In the mid- to late 1990s several successful computer technology related companies emerged in Silicon Valley in California. This led anyone who wished to create a startup company to do so in Silicon Valley. The surge in the number of Silicon Valley startups led to a number of venture capital firms relocating to or expanding their Valley offices. This in turn encouraged more entrepreneurs to locate their startups there.
Optics Valley is a region in southern Arizona, centered on Tucson, that is home to a high concentration of optics companies spawned by research at the University of Arizona. Based on the idea of a technology cluster such as Silicon Valley, Optics Valley is known not only for its optics industry and research but also for the astronomical observatories located in the mountains of southern Arizona where clear skies and isolated peaks make for superior observing conditions.
Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley is located on NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field. The campus (or in particular Moffett Field), is surrounded by high-tech companies such as Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, HP, and Lockheed Martin. Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley currently occupies Building 23 and since January 2011, a wing in Building 19, which provides space for full-time masters students, faculty and researchers. An extension for Building 19 has been in use since Fall 2012.
The Blue Silicon Valley is located in the Monterey Bay of California, USA and is part of one of the leading and largest sustainable, marine protected area, research and development regions in the world called the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS), which encompasses a shoreline length of 276 miles and more than 6,000 square miles of ocean. Monterey Bay itself is located 30 miles southwest of Silicon Valley and as part of the MBNMS was designated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1992, bringing federal protection to the marine area in Northern California stretching from Marin County to Cambria, California. The sanctuary was originally established for the purposes of resource protection, research and development, education and public use and is now the most researched body of water in the world.
Silicon Valley Association of Startup Entrepreneurs (SVASE) is a Silicon Valley nonprofit dedicated to fostering entrepreneurship. SVASE currently operated virtually in Silicon Valley, with an associate membership exceeding 11,000. SVASE is closely affiliated with the Silicon Valley entrepreneur and investor communities, and is recognized as an important networking forum for entrepreneurs. SVASE's speakers and sponsors are drawn from nearly every early stage venture capital firm, angel group and legal firm in Silicon Valley.
Growth in the technology sector of Silicon Valley at the beginning of the 21st century encouraged an influx of tech workers to the area. From the viewpoint of spatial justice, it was this growth which brought increased demands upon the public transportation networks servicing the greater Bay Area. These inadequate links between San Francisco and Silicon Valley workplaces became a leading factor in Silicon Valley employers' 2008 implementation of tech buses as viable alternatives for transportation. As a net gain, busing ensured employees had a convenient way to commute to work while allowing for tech workers to live outside of Silicon Valley. According to a 2012 report by the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA), there were approximately 6,500 tech commuters who used shuttle buses to take them from their respective homes to work locations outside the city.
Silicon Valley Polytechnic Institute (SVPTI)®, also dba California Valley Polytechnic Institute (CalPT)® and Silicon Valley Technical Institute (SVTI)®, established in 1998, is a provider of certificate training programs, located in the heart of Silicon Valley, in San Jose, California, United States. SVPTI® offers training programs covering a wide range of topics in Electronic Design, Semiconductor Technology, IC Packaging and Test, Communication and Computer Engineering, as well as Electronic, Mechanical and Architectural drafting.
The Plateau de Saclay, also called Silicon Valley Européenne (in English, European Silicon Valley), is located north of Essonne and south-east of Yvelines, 20 km south of Paris. It is bounded by the valley of the Yvette ("Vallée de Chevreuse") to the south and east, and the valley of the Bièvre to the north.
On October 20, 2011, Silicon Valley Law Group announced through a press release that the Dincel Group, consisting of trial attorneys Kim Dincel, Christopher Lai, and Jonathan Rose, will join the firm in the litigation department. Occurring within three months of Bernard Vogel's promotion to CEO, this will mark the firm's largest expansion since the economic downturn.San Jose's Metro Newspaper of Silicon Valley has named Silicon Valley Law Group as "Best Large Law Firm," as part of Metro's Best of Silicon Valley 2011.
UCSC Silicon Valley Initiatives comprise a set of educational and research activities which together increase the presence of the University of California in Silicon Valley. To that end, UC Santa Cruz has set up a satellite campus at its Silicon Valley Center, currently located at the NASA Ames Research Park at Moffett Federal Airfield. The Initiatives, still in the early stages of their development, have had ambitious hopes attached to them by UCSC, among them the possibility of a home for the University's long-planned graduate school of management and the Bio|Info|Nano R&D Institute.SVI Initiatives:
Besides the educational programs, Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley has also organized software-related events in Silicon Valley, such as Carnegie Mellon's "Tour de Silicon Valley", where selected Carnegie Mellon students from the Pittsburgh campus are flown to Silicon Valley for a week of networking at various software companies.
Westfield Valley Fair, commonly known as Valley Fair, is an upscale shopping mall in San Jose, California, in Silicon Valley, owned by Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield. It is located on Stevens Creek Boulevard in San Jose and Santa Clara, one of Silicon Valley's premier shopping streets and nearby Santana Row. 
Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley is a branch campus of Carnegie Mellon University located in the heart of Silicon Valley in Mountain View, California. It was established in 2002 at the NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field. The campus offers full-time and part-time professional Masters programs in Electrical And Computer Engineering, Software Engineering and Software Management, various bi-coastal (split-time between Pittsburgh and Silicon Valley) Masters programs in Information Technology, and a bi-coastal Ph.D. program in Electrical and Computer Engineering. One key differentiator between programs in the traditional Pittsburgh campus and the new Silicon Valley campus is a new focus on project-centered "learning by doing" approach to education.
Brazilian Silicon Valley is a term commonly applied to the region of Campinas and in southern region this term is applied for Florianópolis city, Brazil because of its similarity to the 'original' Silicon Valley, located in California in the USA.
The University of Silicon Valley Law School (USVLS) (also named The University of Silicon Valley School of Law on its logo) is registered with the California Committee of Bar Examiners as a private law school with offices located in Fremont, California. The school's website says it offers a part-time, four-year law program in which all classes are taken in the evenings in Fremont, California.
Silicon Valley Law Group (SVLG), a California law firm located in Silicon Valley, specializes in business litigation, corporate & securities, employment law, environmental law, financial services, intellectual property law, real estate & land use, and tax planning. The firm's CEO, Bernard Vogel III, is a shareholder and President of Silicon Valley Law Group.
The USPTO was expected by 2014 to open its first ever satellite offices in Detroit, Dallas, Denver, and Silicon Valley to reduce backlog and reflect regional industrial strengths. The first satellite office opened in Detroit on July 13, 2012. In 2013, due to the budget sequestration, the satellite office for Silicon Valley, which is home to one of the nation's top patent-producing cities, was put on hold. However, renovation and infrastructure updates continued after the sequestration, and the Silicon Valley location opened in the San Jose City Hall in 2015.
The Silicon Valley Historical Association was formed in 1991 and is located in Menlo Park, California. It publishes books, produces documentaries and records filmed histories of notable tech industry figures who have contributed to the development of the tech industry. The association's mission is to record the motivations, successes, failures, mentors and experiences of the individuals who have directly contributed to the Information Age, Computer Age, and Digital Age. The association draws parallels between the information revolution that took place during the Renaissance and the current development of technology in Silicon Valley.
Localization economies occur when an increase in the size of an industry in a city leads to an increase in productivity of a particular activity. Alfred Marshall (1920) introduced the idea that the localization of industry can increase productivity in his book Principles of Economics. The highly concentrated high tech industry in Silicon Valley exemplifies industrial localization. Although the cost of labor and land in Silicon Valley is very high, high tech firms continue to locate there because of the added benefit they receive from their proximity to a high-skilled labor pool. The size of the high tech industry, creates positive externalities for each firm located in Silicon Valley.
Additionally, Fresno State and San Jose State are both located in geographical valleys. Fresno is located in the agricultural San Joaquin Valley while San Jose is located in the Santa Clara Valley, which is now more widely known as Silicon Valley. The locations of the two schools account for the names Valley Cup and Battle for the Valley Trophy. 
Santa Clara has been touted as the "data center capital of Silicon Valley" in part spurred by low power rates from Silicon Valley Power. DVRPP, along with a major Silicon Valley Power substation a block away, provide redundant high capacity power sources. In close proximity are major long-haul hubs for several Tier 1 Internet backbone providers for redundant high capacity Internet connection. Many large private and co-location data centers are located in or near Santa Clara, specifically the area surrounding DVRPP bounded by Hwy 101, Lafayette St, Central Expressway, Scott Boulevard and San Tomas Expressway.
Morgan Hill's location in southern Silicon Valley makes it very accessible to the numerous, world-known universities and institutions located throughout the Silicon Valley/South Bay Area region, such as Stanford University, University of California, Berkeley, Santa Clara University, Saint Mary's College of California, and San Jose State University.
The segregation of the incomes and tax bases led to criticism that the proposal is merely a money and political power grab for Silicon Valley and California's other wealthy areas. Phillip Bump of the "Washington Post" wrote that "this entire plan is really about creating Silicon Valley as its own state. Therefore Silicon Valley gets to be a state called 'Silicon Valley,' and it gets to make its politics and its money more dense, and everyone in the idyllic dream of Silicon Valley gets to be happy."