Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant passages that can help answer the question.
Query: When were the X-Men first introduced by Marvel?
Within the Marvel Universe, the X-Men are widely regarded to have been named after Professor Xavier himself. The original explanation for the name, as provided by Xavier in The X-Men #1 (1963), is that mutants "possess an extra power ... one which ordinary humans do not!! That is why I call my students ... X-Men, for EX-tra power!"[4]
Christopher Yost graduated from the University of Michigan with a film and video degree. With no clear sense of which direction to take his career in, he got into advertising in the Detroit area, producing TV commercials. He later interned, in 2002, in Marvel Comics' west coast office. His spec film scripts got attention from Marvel executives who hired Yost to write episodes of the TV series "". In 2003, Yost and Kyle co-wrote the episodes that introduced mutant character X-23, female clone of the popular X-Men character Wolverine. Marvel executives were impressed with X-23’s reception on TV, and asked Yost and Kyle to adapt the character into comics, first by writing a six-issue mini-series titled "X-23: Innocence Lost", and then by taking over writing chores (as of issue #20) on the "New X-Men" title, bringing X-23 in as a regular character. Yost and Kyle also co-wrote a second X-23 six-issue miniseries, titled "X-23: Target X" as well as "X-Force". Yost also wrote "", the first in a series of adaptations of Orson Scott Card's "Ender's Game" by Marvel.
When Art & Comics Studio first introduced Brazilian artists to the American comic book market, he was given the opportunity to work as an artist for Marvel Comics on the titles "Ghost Rider", "Hulk", "Uncanny X-Men", "X-Men Alpha", "X-Patrol", "Generation X", "X-Calibre", "X-Factor", "X-Man", "Avengers: Timeslide" and "Silver Surfer". He also worked for DC Comics, where he provided art for one issue of the comic book "Batman Chronicles".
During his 17 years as "X-Men" writer, Claremont wrote or co-wrote many classic X-Men stories, such as "The Dark Phoenix Saga" and "Days of Future Past". Comics writers and historians Roy Thomas and Peter Sanderson observed that "'The Dark Phoenix Saga' is to Claremont and Byrne what the 'Galactus Trilogy' is to Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. It is a landmark in Marvel history, showcasing its creators' work at the height of their abilities." Comics historian Les Daniels noted that "The controversial story created a sensation and "The X-Men" became the comic book to watch." In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Claremont and Byrne's run on "The X-Men" second on its list of the "Top 10 1970s Marvels". Claremont and artist Frank Miller crafted a "Wolverine" limited series in 1982. With artist Walt Simonson, Claremont produced "The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans" in 1982, an intercompany crossover between the top-selling Marvel and DC titles. The New Mutants were introduced by Claremont and Bob McLeod in "Marvel Graphic Novel" #4 (Dec. 1982) and received their own ongoing series soon after. The second X-Men film was loosely based on his "X-Men" graphic novel "."
In 2000, Claremont returned to Marvel and was put back on the primary X-Men titles during the Revolution revamp. He was later removed from the two flagship titles in 2001 and created his spin-off series, X-Treme X-Men. X-Men had its title changed to New X-Men and writer Grant Morrison took over. The book is often referred to as the Morrison-era, due to the drastic changes he made, beginning with "E Is For Extinction," where a new villain, Cassandra Nova, destroys Genosha, killing sixteen million mutants. Morrison also brought reformed ex-villain Emma Frost into the primary X-Men team, and opened the doors of the school by having Xavier "out" himself to the public about being a mutant. The bright spandex costumes that had become iconic over the previous decades were replaced by black leather street clothes reminiscent of the uniforms of the X-Men films. Morrison also introduced Xorn, who would figure prominently in the climax of his run. Ultimate X-Men set in Marvel's revised imprint was also launched, while Chuck Austen began his controversial run on Uncanny X-Men.
Storm first appeared in 1975 in the comic book "Giant-Size X-Men" #1, written by Len Wein and pencilled by Dave Cockrum. In this comic, Wein uses a battle against the living island Krakoa to replace the first-generation X-Men of the 1960s with new X-Men. Storm was an amalgam of two characters Cockrum created: The Black Cat and Typhoon. The Black Cat had Storm's costume, minus the cape, and was submitted for the new X-Men's original lineup. However, during a hiatus in the new X-Men project, other female cat characters like Tigra were introduced, making the Black Cat redundant.
Calvin first encountered the X-Men when he got into a fight with X-Men members Beast and Iceman in their civilian identities and duplicated their powers to defeat them. He later came across Marvel Girl, realizing this after gaining Marvel Girl's telekinetic power. Rankin decided to seek out the X-Men in a plot to get to the machine and make their powers his permanently. Taking the costumed identity "Mimic", he went to their mansion and battled the X-Men. He then escaped them, taking Marvel Girl hostage and drove to a cave, knowing the rest would follow. As the others came near, he regained their abilities, and he used Cyclops's optic power to break through the rubble to the machine. The other X-Men freed Marvel Girl and battled Mimic. Initially, he gained the upper hand and activated the machine after using Professor X's power to understand how the machine worked, but his powers were removed by Ronald's device, as Professor Xavier had expected. Xavier then wiped his memory and let him go.
Graymalkin first appeared in Marvel Comics' 2008 series "Young X-Men" #1 during a prophetic vision by X-Men character Blindfold. His first full appearance was in "Young X-Men" #3. His previously unknown background was explored in "" #3. While featured primarily in the ongoing "Young X-Men" series, Graymalkin has appeared as a background character in various other Marvel X-Men titles, including "Secret Invasion: X-Men" and "Wolverine and Power Pack."
The X-Men are a team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by the Marvel Comics. The X-Men first appeared in the self-titled X-Men comic, cover dated September 1963. Due to the X-Men's immense popularity, Marvel has launched dozens of spin-off series, called "X-Books," throughout the years.
After this, the character went on to a notable run as an X-Men member, before disappearing completely for much of the 1990s and early 2000s, barring occasional cameos. With the launch of "New Excalibur", she returned to monthly publication for the first time as a prominent cast member in over fifteen years. When Marvel canceled "New Excalibur", Dazzler was brought back as a supporting character in Uncanny X-Men written by Matt Fraction. In February 2010, Marvel published a one-shot "Dazzler" special by writer Jim McCann and artist Kalman Andrasofszky. The 2012 series "X-Treme X-Men" features Dazzler as the leader of a dimension-hopping X-Men team. Dazzler appeared in the 2012 volume of "Uncanny X-Men" as an agent of superspy outfit S.H.I.E.L.D.
In the Ultimate Marvel continuity, Scott is introduced as the straight-laced field leader of the X-Men. Cyclops's age in the Ultimate Marvel continuity is 18 as of his first appearance. His parents died in a plane crash, and he is estranged from his "older" brother Alex, with whom he hasn't spoken since joining the X-Men. Before becoming part of Professor Xavier's dream, Scott dated a young woman named Lorna Dane. Scott is unable to ask his crush Jean Grey on a date, and when she sleeps with Wolverine, Scott leaves the X-Men and joins Magneto's Brotherhood of Mutant Supremacy. Magneto considers Scott a potential heir and urges him to pursue a relationship with his daughter. However, after seeing the lengths to which Magneto will go to fulfill his dream, Scott then betrays the brotherhood
The Essential range launched in October 1996 with the joint release of "Essential X-Men" vol. 1, "Essential Wolverine" vol. 1 and "Essential Spider-Man" vol. 1. While "Essential Spider-Man" started with Spider-Man's first appearance in the Silver Age (collecting "Amazing Fantasy" #15 and "Amazing Spider-Man" #1-20), Marvel chose to skip ahead to "Giant Sized X-Men" #1 and "Uncanny X-Men" #94-119, the relaunch of the title that sparked the X-Men's popularity in the late 1970s and 1980s. The decision to skip the original X-Men in favor of starting with the more well known "All-New, All-Different" X-Men was controversial, though Marvel ultimately went back and began a new collection of Essential volumes, titled "Essential Classic X-Men", to collect the earliest X-Men stories (originally titled "Essential Uncanny X-Men").
The X-Treme Sanctions Executive is a fictional paramilitary police force appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, in particular those featuring the X-Men, and related spinoffs. The organization is charged with keeping the peace between mutants and humans in the Marvel Comics universe. The team was first mentioned in "X-Treme X-Men" #40, when Storm presents her team with an offer to join a new, government-backed squad, and debuts in "Uncanny X-Men" #445 (August 2004).
Dave Cockrum created the Starjammers with the intent of having them star in their own series. However, when he submitted the concept for Marvel's two try-out series, "Marvel Spotlight" and "Marvel Premiere", he was repeatedly informed that these series were booked for two years solid. Running out of patience, Cockrum showed the Starjammers to "X-Men" writer Chris Claremont, and convinced him to use the characters for this series. She first appeared in "X-Men" #107 (October 1977).
The X-Men is a fictional superhero team created by Marvel Comics that appear in comic books and other forms of media.
The X-Men made their first animated appearance on "The Marvel Super Heroes" TV series in 1966 with Professor X commanding the original X-Men line-up of Cyclops, Beast, Marvel Girl, Angel, and Iceman. In this episode the X-Men are not referred to as the "X-Men" but rather as the Allies for Peace.
In Cyclops's first appearance in "X-Men" #1, he is already leading the X-Men under tutelage of Professor X. Later, Scott's origin is first presented in "Uncanny X-Men" #38–42 and later refined in "Uncanny X-Men" #144 and "Uncanny X-Men" #156. In 2010, Marvel released "X-Men Origins: Cyclops" #1 that describes the character's childhood through his joining the X-Men.
Dave Cockrum created the Starjammers with the intent of having them star in their own series. However, when he submitted the concept for Marvel's two try-out series, "Marvel Spotlight" and "Marvel Premiere", he was repeatedly informed that these series were booked for two years solid. Running out of patience, Cockrum showed the Starjammers to "X-Men" writer Chris Claremont, and convinced him to use the characters for this series. He first appeared in "X-Men" #104 (April 1977).
The sales boom began to wane in the mid to late 1990s, due to the crash of the speculators' market and the effect it had on the industry. Marvel declared bankruptcy in 1996, and as a result, scaled back all of their franchises, including X-Men. A number of "X-books" were canceled, and the amount of limited series published, as well as general merchandise, was reduced.
In the early 2000s, a series of blockbuster "X-Men" movies have kept the X-Men franchise healthy, and have resulted in a larger market presence outside of comics. In 1999-2000, a new animated series, "" debuted, while new toys have been developed and sold since the success of the first "X-Men" feature film. The comic books themselves have been reinvented in series such as Grant Morrison's "New X-Men" and the "Ultimate X-Men", which, like Marvel's other "Ultimate" series, is an alternative universe story, starting the X-Men tale anew. This was done for "X-Men", and other books, because Marvel feared that the long and complex histories of the established storylines of certain titles were scaring off new readers.
In the Ultimate Marvel continuity, Rogue is first introduced in the story arc "Return to Weapon X" as a prisoner of Weapon X and she worked with Juggernaut and Nightcrawler. In this version, her name appears to be Marian Carlyle. Her powers are exploited to steal sensitive information on the location and layout of The Xavier Institute for Gifted Children. Using this information, agents of Weapon X storm the school and capture the X-Men. Rogue is released along with the X-Men, Juggernaut, and Nightcrawler, when a combination of the Brotherhood of Mutant Supremacy and S.H.I.E.L.D rescues them and destroys Weapon X's facility. Though offered a place on the X-Men, she joins the Brotherhood. She later joins the X-Men in the "Return of the King" arc.
Starting in 2013, Marvel began using the title "Amazing X-Men" for an ongoing X-Men series written by Jason Aaron and illustrated by Ed McGuinness. The first arc of the book is a continuation of a storyline in "Wolverine and the X-Men" and sees a team of X-Men searching for deceased member Nightcrawler in the afterlife. With "All-New X-Men" featuring time-displaced original X-Men, "Uncanny X-Men" featuring Cyclops's renegade X-Men team, "Wolverine and the X-Men" featuring the Jean Grey School's staff and students in the school setting, and "X-Men" featuring an all-female X-Men team, "Amazing X-Men" became the main title to feature Wolverine's X-Men team, replacing Marjorie Liu's "Astonishing X-Men", which ended a month before. The premiere issue featured Firestar in her first appearance as a member of the X-Men, though she made her Marvel Comics debut in Uncanny X-Men #193 (1985) as a member of the X-Men's rival team, the Hellions.
A sequel to "X-Men vs. Street Fighter" was released by Capcom in 1997. "Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter", while similar in terms of gameplay and art style, replaces a majority of the "X-Men" cast with characters from other Marvel Comics properties, such as Captain America and Spider-Man. The game is notable for introducing "assists" into the "Marvel vs. Capcom" series, which allow players to summon their off-screen character to perform an attack during battle. Like "X-Men vs. Street Fighter", the game was ported to the Sega Saturn and PlayStation, which were released in 1998 and 1999, respectively.
"Death of X" was a limited series event that was first announced by Marvel in early spring 2016. To help build anticipation for the limited series, in May 2016 Marvel announced the release of variant covers for other titles that would relate to the upcoming limited series depicting various X-Men facing potentially fatal situations. Also to help promote it, Marvel announced the release of a digital comic called "Inhumans vs. X-Men: Terrigenocide" as a tie-in to their mobile game . "X-Men" writer Jeff Lemire and "Inhumans" writer Charles Soule were set to co-write with Aaron Kuder on art. In July 2016 the authors were interviewed about how this limited series event would impact it will have on future issues of "X-Men" and "Inhumans" titles. That same month Entertainment Weekly released an article detailing how "Death of X" was going to finally reveal what happened in the eight-month gap between Secret Wars and the All New, All Different Marvel lineup.
A mainstay in most X-Men titles, Iceman has been a main character in both "Uncanny X-Men" and the second volume of "X-Men" and was also featured in "The Champions" from 1975 to 1978 and "The New Defenders" from 1983 to 1986 as a member. He was a main character in the first volume of "X-Factor", and a star in flashback stories when he was a teenager in "X-Men: The Hidden Years" and "X-Men: First Class".
He was originally called "the Canadian Shield", after the rock formation, but when Byrne introduced the character in "X-Men" this name was rejected by publisher Marvel Comics because of their fictional organization S.H.I.E.L.D. Byrne then suggested "Guardian", but this was also rejected due to the numerous extant Marvel characters under that name, so "X-Men" scripter Chris Claremont came up with Weapon Alpha and later Vindicator. These names were used for the character's initial appearances in "X-Men" #109, 120-121, and 139-140. Byrne disliked both these names, and when he was assigned the writing and penciling of the newly launched "Alpha Flight" comic, he quickly had "Vindicator" change names to his earlier suggestion, "Guardian." 
The 2010 "X-Men" series was the third ongoing series to launch with the title following the first series (volume 1) in 1963 and the (volume 2) in 1991. To distinguish itself from the other contemporary X-Men titles, this third volume of "X-Men" was conceived as a title that would focus on the mutants' role in the wider Marvel Universe and "...firmly integrate the X-Men in the Marvel Universe." As a result, the initial story arcs featured a guest appearance from characters from the Marvel Universe ranging from Spider-Man to Blade.