Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that answer the question.
Query: Who was the last earl of Sandwich?
The heir apparent is the present holder's son Luke Timothy Charles Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke (b. 1969), the son of the 11th Earl of Sandwich and Lady Sandwich ((Susan) Caroline Hayman, b. July 1st 1968).. The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son, the Hon. William James Hayman Montagu (b. 2004).[3]
Six ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS "Sandwich", either after the English seaside town of Sandwich, or one of the holders of the title Earl of Sandwich, particularly Vice-Admiral Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich, or First Lord of the Admiralty John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. A seventh ship was planned, but never completed:
This is a list of notable sandwiches. A sandwich is a dish consisting of two or more slices of bread with one or more fillings between them, or one slice in the case of an open sandwich. Sandwiches are a common type of lunch food often eaten as part of a packed lunch. There are many types of sandwiches, made from a diverse variety of ingredients. The sandwich is the namesake of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, a British statesman.
Taking advantage of the fame of one of his ancestors, The 4th Earl of Sandwich (after whom the sandwich was named in the 18th century), the current Lord Sandwich licensed the use of his title for a chain of sandwich shops, "Earl of Sandwich". These are located in various parts of the United States, including Disney Springs Marketplace in Walt Disney World Resort, under an agreement chiefly with Robert Earl, founder of the Planet Hollywood chain.
The town's connection with the food item of the same name is that John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, who lived in the 18th century, allegedly invented it. As the story goes, he was an avid gambler, and since he often did not have time to sit for a meal due to his gambling habits, he would order his valet to bring him meat tucked between two pieces of bread. Because Montagu was the Earl of Sandwich, others began to order "the same as Sandwich!" However, the exact circumstances of the invention are still the subject of debate. A rumour in a contemporary travel book called "Tour to London" by Pierre Jean Grosley (although not confirmed) formed the popular myth that bread and meat sustained Lord Sandwich at the gambling table. An alternative suggestion by Sandwich's biographer, N. A. M. Rodger, is that due to Sandwich's commitments to the navy, to politics and the arts, the first sandwich is more likely to have been consumed at his desk, a practice perpetuated in offices ever since.
Lord Sandwich married firstly his distant cousin Lady Elizabeth Montague-Dunk, only daughter of George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, 8 March 1766. Lady Elizabeth died in 1768 and Sandwich married Lady Mary Powlett, daughter and co-heir of Admiral Harry Powlett or Paulet, 6th and last Duke of Bolton. Lord Sandwich lived and was a rural landowner at Hinchingbrooke House today in north Cambridgeshire and held other farming interests. His eldest child, John George Montagu, by his first wife died in 1790. Lord Sandwich died in June 1814, aged 70, and was succeeded by his eldest son by his second wife, George. Lord Sandwich's illegitimate son William Augustus Montagu rose to the rank of Vice-Admiral in the Royal Navy. William is thought to be named after his uncle, William Augustus, who died at Lisbon in 1776.
For several years Sandwich had as a mistress Fanny Murray, the subject of Wilkes' "An Essay on Woman" (1763), but he eventually married Dorothy Fane, daughter of the 1st Viscount Fane, by whom he had a son, John, Viscount Hinchingbrooke (1743 – 1814), who later succeeded as 5th Earl. Sandwich's first personal tragedy was his wife's deteriorating health and eventual insanity. During his wife's decline, Sandwich started an affair with the talented opera singer Martha Ray. During their relationship, Ray bore him at least five and perhaps as many as nine children, including Basil Montagu (1770 – 1851), writer, jurist and philanthropist. Tragedy was to strike again in April 1779 when Ray was murdered in the foyer of the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden by a jealous suitor, James Hackman, Rector of Wiveton. Sandwich never recovered from his grief. The events surrounding Ray's murder were depicted in a popular novel "Love and Madness" (1780) by Herbert Croft.
As of 2017, the titles are held by his eldest son, the eleventh Earl, who succeeded in 1995. Lord Sandwich is one of the ninety elected hereditary peers that remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, and sits as a cross-bencher.
Edward Montagu, 3rd Earl of Sandwich (10 April 1670 – 20 October 1729) was born in Burlington House, London, England to Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Sandwich and Lady Ann Boyle. He was styled Viscount Hinchingbrooke from 1672 until his accession to the earldom in 1688. On 8 July 1689 he married Elizabeth Wilmot, daughter of John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester and Elizabeth Malet. They had two children, Elizabeth, who died as an infant, and Edward Richard Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke (7 July 1692 – 3 October 1722), who predeceased his father.
Sandwich was the son of Rear-Admiral the Hon. Victor Alexander Montagu, second son of John Montagu, 7th Earl of Sandwich. His mother was Lady Agneta Harriet, daughter of Charles Yorke, 4th Earl of Hardwicke. He was Assistant Private Secretary to the Board of Trade from 1898 to 1900. The latter year he was returned to Parliament for Huntingdon, a seat he held until 1906. In 1916 Sandwich succeeded his uncle in the earldom and entered the House of Lords. He later served as Lord-Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire between 1922 and 1946.
The modern sandwich is named after Lord Sandwich, but the exact circumstances of its invention and original use are still the subject of debate. A rumour in a contemporaneous travel book called "Tour to London" by Pierre-Jean Grosley formed the popular myth that bread and meat sustained Lord Sandwich at the gambling table. But Sandwich was into many bad habits, including the Hellfire club, and any story may be a creation after the fact. Lord Sandwich was a very conversant gambler, the story goes, and he did not take the time to have a meal during his long hours playing at the card table. Consequently, he would ask his servants to bring him slices of meat between two slices of bread, a habit well known among his gambling friends. Other people, according to this account, began to order "the same as Sandwich!", and thus the "sandwich" was born. The sober alternative to this account is provided by Sandwich's biographer N. A. M. Rodger, who suggests that Sandwich's commitments to the navy, to politics, and to the arts mean that the first sandwich was more likely to have been consumed at his work desk.
Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich (1625–1672) Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Sandwich (1644–1689) Edward Montagu, 3rd Earl of Sandwich (1670–1729) Edward Richard Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke (1692–1722) John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718–1792) John Montagu, 5th Earl of Sandwich (1744–1814) George John Montagu, 6th Earl of Sandwich (1773–1818) John William Montagu, 7th Earl of Sandwich (1811–1884) Edward George Henry Montagu, 8th Earl of Sandwich (1839–1916) The Honourable Victor Alexander Montagu (1841-1915) George Charles Montagu, 9th Earl of Sandwich (1874–1962) (Alexander) Victor Edward Paulet Montagu, 10th Earl of Sandwich (1906–1995) (disclaimed 1964) John Edward Hollister Montagu, 11th Earl of Sandwich (b. 1943)
Earl of Sandwich is a noble title in the Peerage of England and the House of Montagu, nominally associated with Sandwich, Kent. It was created in 1660 for the prominent naval commander Admiral Sir Edward Montagu. He was made Baron Montagu, of St Neots in the County of Huntingdon, and Viscount Hinchingbrooke, at the same time, also in the Peerage of England. The viscountcy is used as the courtesy title by the heir apparent to the earldom. A member of the prominent Montagu family, Lord Sandwich was the son of Sir Sidney Montagu, youngest brother of Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester (from whom the Dukes of Manchester descend), and Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu of Boughton (from whom the Dukes of Montagu descended).
Wilkes's political enemies, foremost among them John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, who was also a member of the Hellfire Club, obtained the parody. Sandwich had a personal vendetta against Wilkes that stemmed in large part from embarrassment caused by a prank of Wilkes involving the Earl at one of the Hellfire Club's meetings; he was delighted at the chance for revenge. Wilkes had frightened Sandwich during a seance put on by the club. Sandwich read the poem to the House of Lords in an effort to denounce Wilkes's moral behaviour, despite the hypocrisy of his action. The Lords declared the poem obscene and blasphemous, and it caused a great scandal. The House of Lords moved to expel Wilkes again; he fled to Paris before any expulsion or trial. He was tried and found guilty "in absentia" of obscene libel and seditious libel, and was declared an outlaw on 19 January 1764.
For a long time, she was the mistress of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, who was so deeply enamoured of her as to hang a large nude portrait of Murray in his apartment, proudly showing it to guests. Murray often appeared as a "nun" — a female guest — at the orgies of the Hellfire Club, a secret society with satanic trappings which Sandwich regularly attended, and it is also likely that she was a member of the "harem" at the Divan Club, an orientalist group founded by Sandwich that was exclusive to noblemen who had visited the Ottoman Empire.
Earl of Sandwich is a restaurant franchise based in Orlando, Florida, United States. It was founded by The Rt Hon. The 11th Earl of Sandwich, his younger son John Montagu, and businessman Robert Earl, founder of Planet Hollywood.
Hinchingbrooke House in Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, was built around an 11th-century Benedictine nunnery. After the Reformation it passed into the hands of the Cromwell family, and subsequently, became the home of the Earls of Sandwich, including John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, reputedly the "inventor" of the modern sandwich. 
The second Earl's great-grandson was The 4th Earl of Sandwich, who was a prominent statesman and served as First Lord of the Admiralty and as Secretary of State for the Northern Department. Lord Sandwich is also remembered for sponsoring the voyages of discovery made by Captain James Cook, R.N., who named the Sandwich Islands in his honour, and as the namesake of the sandwich.
He was succeeded by his nephew, the ninth Earl. He was the son of Rear-Admiral the Hon. Victor Alexander Montagu, second son of the seventh Earl. Lord Sandwich was Member of Parliament for Huntingdon and Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire.
Born in approximately 1785, William Augustus Montagu was an illegitimate son of John Montagu, 5th Earl of Sandwich. William is thought to be named after his uncle, William Augustus, who died at Lisbon in 1776. His grandfather was John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, who served three terms as the First Lord of the Admiralty, to 1783.
Louisa Mary Anne Julia Harriet Montagu, Countess of Sandwich (née Lady Louisa Lowry-Corry) (3 April 1781 – 19 April 1862) was an Irish noblewoman and society figure, who in 1804 became the wife of George Montagu, 6th Earl of Sandwich.
George John Montagu, 6th Earl of Sandwich (4 February 1773 – 21 May 1818) was the son of John Montagu, 5th Earl of Sandwich and Lady Mary Henrietta Powlett. He was styled Viscount Hinchingbrooke from 1790 until in 1814 when, his elder half-brother having died, he inherited the earldom from his father, together with the Hinchingbrooke estate in Huntingdonshire. He was educated at Eton School {1780-90) and Trinity College, Cambridge (1790-92). 
After the dissolution, Queen Elizabeth I became Lord of the manor of St Neots. James I, who succeeded her, passed the title to Sir Richard Lucy in 1620 who, in turn, sold it to Sidney Montagu in 1631, whose family subsequently became Earl of Sandwich and of Manchester. The Earls of Sandwich lived in Huntingdon and allowed the St Neots affairs to be handled by a bailiff, Robert Payne, whose son, Edward, succeeded him.
George Charles Montagu, 9th Earl of Sandwich (29 December 1874 – 15 June 1962), known as George Montagu until 1916, was a British Conservative politician.
Sandwich (1928-?) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse that won the classic St Leger Stakes at Doncaster Racecourse in 1931, for owner Earl of Rosebery. By 1931, Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery had died, making this a win for his son, Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery. Sandwich was a half-brother to Manna, winner of the 1925 Epsom Derby, and as well as his 1931 St Leger success also won the Chester Vase and King Edward VII Stakes.