Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that can help answer the question.
Query: What is the warmest part of Russia?
Sochi has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa),[20] at the lower elevations. Its average annual temperature is 18.4°C (65.1°F) during the day and 11°C (52°F) at night. In the coldest months—January and February—the average temperature is about 10°C (50°F) during the day, above 3°C (37°F) at night and the average sea temperature is about 9°C (48°F). In the warmest months—July and August—the temperature typically ranges from 25 to 29°C (77 to 84°F) during the day, about 20°C (68°F) at night and the average sea temperature is about 23–24°C (73–75°F). Yearly sunshine hours are around 2,200. Generally, the summer season lasts four months, from June to September. Two months—April and November—are transitional; sometimes temperatures reach 20°C (68°F), with an average temperature of around 16°C (61°F) during the day and 9°C (48°F) at night. December, January, February and March are the coldest months, with average temperature (of these four months) 11°C (52°F) during the day and 4°C (39°F) at night. Average annual precipitation is about 1,700 millimeters (67in).[2][21][24] Sochi lies at 8b/9a hardiness zone, so the city supports different types of palm trees.[19] Sochi is situated on the same latitude as Nice but strong cold winds from Asia make winters less warm. In fact, temperatures drop below freezing every winter. The highest temperature recorded was 39.4°C (102.9°F), on July 30, 2000, and the lowest temperature recorded was −13.4°C (7.9°F) on January 25, 1892.[25]
From 27 to 30 January 2011, this novel was promoted during the 2011 Angoulême International Comics Festival, where it is part of the official selection. During this festival, "Blue Is the Warmest Color" was awarded the "Fnac-SNCF Essential" prize, an award that was elected by the public.
A film adaptation has been made by Abdelatif Kechiche, with Léa Seydoux and Adèle Exarchopoulos in the main roles, which was released in 2013 under the title "Blue Is the Warmest Colour". The film, as with the book, received overwhelming critical acclaim; it won several awards including the "Palme d'Or" at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.
Despite an intrusion of cold air near the end of the month, temperatures in the Western United States averaged above normal for December, with temperatures in much of the area averaging over 3 °F (1.6 °C) above normal. The greatest departures from normal occurred in the vicinity of southern Idaho, where temperatures in Pocatello averaged , the seventh-warmest December in the area's 72-year record. Salt Lake City, Utah observed a monthly average temperature of , 7 °F (3.8 °C) above average, making the month the third-warmest December on record for the city. Ontario, Oregon too experienced its third-warmest December on record, averaging , 8.4 °F (4.6 °C) above normal. Fresno, California observed its warmest December on record, with an average of 51.9 °F (11.1 °C). Mount Shasta experienced its second-warmest December on record, with an average temperature of , above normal.
According to historians like Alexander Zimin and Anna Khoroshkevich, the continuous use of the term "Moscovia" was a result of traditional habit and the need to distinguish between the Muscovite and the Lithuanian part of the Rus', as well as of the political interests of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which competed with Moscow for the western regions of the Rus'. Due to the propaganda of the Commonwealth, as well as of the Jesuits, the term "Moscovia" was used instead of Russia in many parts of Europe where prior to the reign of Peter the Great there was a lack of direct knowledge of the country. In Northern Europe and at the court of the Holy Roman Empire, however, the country was known under its own name, "Russia" or "Rossia". Sigismund von Herberstein, ambassador of the Holy Roman Emperor in Russia, used both "Russia" and "Moscovia" in his work on the Russian tsardom and noted: "The majority believes that Russia is a changed name of Roxolania. Muscovites ("Russians" in the German version) refute this, saying that their country was originally called Russia (Rosseia)". Pointing to the difference between Latin and Russian names, French captain Jacques Margeret, who served in Russia and left a detailed description of "L’Empire de Russie" of the early 17th century that was presented to King Henry IV, stated that foreigners make "a mistake when they call them Muscovites and not Russians. When they are asked what nation they are, they respond 'Russac', which means 'Russians', and when they are asked what place they are from, the answer is Moscow, Vologda, Ryasan and other cities". The closest analogue of the Latin term "Moscovia" in Russia was “Tsardom of Moscow”, or “Moscow Tsardom” (), which was used along with the name "Russia", sometimes in one sentence, as in the name of the 17th century Russian work "On the Great and Glorious Russian Moscow State" ().
On 20 March 2009, it was recorded as the warmest place in the UK, at 18.5°C, which was the station's warmest recorded March temperature and possibly the first time the station had recorded the warmest UK temperature. This was beaten on 25 March 2017 when the station recorded 19.7°C. Also on 26 May 2017, the station recorded its highest May temperature of 28.0°C beating the previous 27.4°C recorded on 27 May 2012. On 8 January 2010, the temperature dipped to −22.3°C, the coldest temperature recorded in the UK since 1995. On 3 November 2015 the warmest November temperature of 16.1°C was reached, followed by 15.6°C on 17 December 2015 being the warmest December temperature on record at the weather station. On 25 January 2016, the highest January temperature of 13.9°C was reached.
Russia has thousands of rivers and inland bodies of water, providing it with one of the world's largest surface-water resources. However, most of Russia's rivers and streams belong to the Arctic drainage basin, which lies mainly in Siberia but also includes part of European Russia. Altogether, 84 percent of Russia's surface water is located east of the Urals in rivers flowing through sparsely populated territory and into the Arctic and Pacific oceans. In contrast, areas with the highest concentrations of population, and therefore the highest demand for water supplies, tend to have the warmest climates and highest rates of evaporation. As a result, densely populated areas such as the Don and Kuban River basins north of the Caucasus have barely adequate (or in some cases inadequate) water resources.
Schriesheim belongs, as does Heidelberg, to the warmest part of Germany. The amount of precipitation increases from west to east and ranges between 650 und 800 mm. The nearest weather station, located in Heidelberg, recorded an average temperature of 11.1 °C and average precipitation of 745 mm per year between the years 1971 and 2000. The warmest month is July with an average temperature of 20.1 °C while the coldest month is January with an average temperature of 2.5 °C.
California averaged warmer than the previous warmest winter (2013–14), which had broken the previous record (1980–81) by . February was the warmest on record in Washington, California, Utah and Arizona, while February was among the top 10 warmest in four other states. Overall, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reported that about 30.6 percent of the country was "very warm" – meaning February was in the warmest 10 percent of the historical record – while 31.5 percent of the country was "very cold," or in the coldest 10 percent historically.
When Russia was under the rule of communists led by Lenin he was invited to Russia during the reconstruction of the country. In November 1922, in what he referred to as his "Magic Pilgrimage," he traveled to Russia with Max Eastman to take part in the Fourth Congress of the Communist International in Petrograd and Moscow. McKay financed his trip to Russia by repackaging and selling "Harlem Shadows", "complete with a signed photograph and an inflated price tag" to members of an NAACP donor list. He was greeted in Russia with an "ecstatic welcome" and "rock-star treatment." 
In 2013, the city had the warmest July and September on record, with September being one of the driest. In September, temperatures were above average and the city had over seven days where temperatures reached , making it more similar to November's weather pattern. October 2015 had the warmest nights on record, which were above average. The warming trend continued in 2016 as Sydney's warmest autumn ever was recorded. July 2017 to June 2018 in southeastern Australia proved to be the hottest financial year on record with maximum temperatures being the warmest on record and minimums above average.
In 2003, Kirill I Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia stated in a congratulatory message on Maria Vladimirovna's 55th birthday, “you are the embodiment of a Russian Grand Duchess: noble, wise, compassionate, and consumed with a genuine love for Russia. Though you may reside far from Russia, you continue to take an active part in its life, rejoicing when there are triumphs and empathizing when there are trials. It is deeply gratifying to know that, even in these new historical circumstances, you are making a significant contribution to the building of Russia’s global standing on the basis of spiritual and moral values, and the centuries-old traditions of the Russian people. The Russian Orthodox Church remains the preserver of the historical memory of the Russian people, and supports, as it has traditionally, the warmest possible relations with the Russian Imperial House.” 
Like almost all Chukotkan settlements, there is no direct link from the village to any other settlement by permanent road. There is however, a small network of roads within the settlement including:Neshkan has a Tundra climate ("ET") because the warmest month has an average temperature between and .
Like much of the British Isles, Pateley Bridge has a Temperate Maritime Climate. The warmest temperature recorded was 31.0 °C (87.8 °F) on 1 July 2015. The nearest location where data is available is Dishforth Airfield. It is particularly notable that the warmest and the coldest temperatures for May both occurred in 2010, within the space of just 12 days. The heatwave at the beginning of October 2011 was so extreme that the warmest October temperature was recorded, and it was higher than the record high of September in any year. With a mean temperature of 11.4 °C (52.5 °F), December 2015 was easily the warmest December ever recorded, and the warmest ever December temperature of 16.2 °C (61.2 °F) was reached on 19th. In contrast, the December 2010 mean temperature was −1.9 °C (28.6 °F), and the coldest ever temperature of −15.0 °C (5.0 °F) was reached on the 6th.
Just two months after July 2006, September 2006 became the warmest September since official measurements started. Additionally, October 2006 and November 2006 broke several temperature records. October was one of the warmest Octobers since measurements began, and November went into the record books as the second warmest November since official measurements started three hundred years prior. With temperatures from the north of the Netherlands to the south of Belgium ranging between at the end of November, previous records were shattered. The autumn of 2006 was the warmest autumn in history, breaking the old record of just one year prior (2005) by . The winter of 2006/2007 was the warmest in three hundred years as well, and so was the following spring.
Mean annual temperatures in the province range between although the thermal amplitude (difference between temperatures in the warmest and coldest months) is large. In summer, mean temperatures in the warmest month (January) range from in the north and northeastern parts to in the west and southwestern parts of the province. Temperatures tend to be cooler in the west owing to the higher altitudes. In winter, mean temperatures in the coldest month (July) range from in the north to in the west and southwest. The northern parts are the warmest parts of the province; absolute maximum temperatures can reach up to . The lowest temperatures ever recorded range from in the northeast to in the southwest.
During the cooler winter months (October–March), the Coachella Valley regularly has the warmest winter temperatures out of any place west of the Rocky Mountains. East Los Angeles, the Gateway Cities, and parts of the San Gabriel Valley average the warmest winter high temps (72°F, 22°C) in all of the western U.S., and Santa Monica averages the warmest winter lows (52°F, 11°C) in all of the western U.S. Palm Springs, a city in the Coachella Valley, averages high/low/mean temperatures of 75°F/50°F/63°F, (24°C/10°C/17°C) respectively during the period of cooler weather from November to April.[5]
People from the former and contemporary boundaries of Iran have a long history in the territory of what is modern-day Russia, stretching back thousands of years. Throughout history, the Caucasus region was usually incorporated into the Iranian world, and large parts of it were ruled by empires based in modern-day Iran for a time span encompassing many centuries, or were under its direct influence. From the early 16th century up to including the early 19th century, Transcaucasia and a part of the North Caucasus (namely Dagestan), were ruled by the successive Safavid, Afsharid, and Qajar dynasties of Iran, and made up part of the latters concept for centuries. In the course of the 19th century, by the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813 and the Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828, Iran ceded the region to Russia. Ever since, the Dagestan region still makes up part of Russia.
Billings has a Tundra climate ("ET") because the warmest month has an average temperature between and .
September however turned to be very warm and sunny and in many parts of France it was the warmest in 50 years. October too was very warm and so was November, triggering in many regions the warmest autumn in recorded history. A very rare föhn-like warm spell affected northern and western France on 25 November and brought temperature as high as at 7 in the morning in Paris.
The western parts of the province are the coldest with an annual mean temperature of owing to the higher elevations while the coastal areas are the warmest with an annual mean temperature of . The central parts of the province have an annual mean temperature of since they have a higher elevation than the coastal areas. During winter, the mean temperature in the coldest months ranges from in the northern parts of the province to in the southern parts. In the Andes, the mean temperature can be close to . Unlike the northern hemisphere, most of the cold air masses originate from the Pacific Ocean, which moderates the cold air and as such, extreme cold temperatures are rare. Occasionally, cold air masses from Antarctica are not moderated by the ocean, resulting in very cold temperatures. During summer, the temperature gradient is greater than in the winter. The northern parts of the province, have a mean temperature greater than in the warmest months while in the southern parts, the mean temperature in the warmest month ranges from owing to the influence of subtropical air from the north. The westernmost parts of the province are the coolest during the summer, averaging only . The central parts of the province have the most extreme temperatures which can reach over during the summer and below in the winter. The lowest temperature recorded in Chubut was in Sarmiento.
Blue Is the Warmest Colour (; ), known as Blue Is the Warmest Color in the United States, is a 2013 French romance film co-written, co-produced, and directed by Abdellatif Kechiche, and starring Léa Seydoux and Adèle Exarchopoulos. The film follows Adèle (Exarchopoulos), a French teenager who discovers desire and freedom when an aspiring painter (Seydoux) enters her life. The film charts their relationship from Adele's high school years to her early adult life and career as a school teacher. The premise of "Blue Is the Warmest Colour" is based on the 2010 graphic novel of the same name by Julie Maroh.
According to prominent historians like Alexander Zimin and Anna Khoroshkevich, the continuous use of the term "Moscovia" was a result of traditional habit and the need to distinguish between the Muscovite and the Lithuanian part of the Rus', as well as of the political interests of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which competed with Moscow for the western regions of the Rus'. Due to the propaganda of the Commonwealth, as well as of the Jesuits, the term "Moscovia" was used instead of Russia in many parts of Europe where prior to the reign of Peter the Great there was a lack of direct knowledge of the country. In Northern Europe and at the court of the Holy Roman Empire, however, the country was known under its own name, "Russia" or "Rossia". Sigismund von Herberstein, ambassador of the Holy Roman Emperor in Russia, used both "Russia" and "Moscovia" in his work on the Russian tsardom and noted: "The majority believes that Russia is a changed name of Roxolania. Muscovites ("Russians" in the German version) refute this, saying that their country was originally called Russia (Rosseia)". Pointing to the difference between Latin and Russian names, French captain Jacques Margeret, who served in Russia and left a detailed description of "L’Empire de Russie" of the early 17th century that was presented to King Henry IV, stated that foreigners make "a mistake when they call them Muscovites and not Russians. When they are asked what nation they are, they respond 'Russac', which means 'Russians', and when they are asked what place they are from, the answer is Moscow, Vologda, Ryasan and other cities". The closest analogue of the Latin term "Moscovia" in Russia was “Tsardom of Moscow”, or “Moscow Tsardom” (), which was used along with the name "Russia", sometimes in one sentence, as in the name of the 17th century Russian work "On the Great and Glorious Russian Moscow State" ().
In eastern Canada the seasonal lag is consistent both in summer and winter, resulting in February and August being the coldest and warmest months, respectively. In Western Europe the lag is lower in spite of the Atlantic coastline, usually around a month, which is also consistent with many inland areas in the North American Midwest. In Japan, Korea and nearby areas (for example, Vladivostok, Russia), seasonal lag is stronger in summer than winter; the coldest month is January, while the warmest month is August, possibly due to enhanced cloud cover and rain during the early summer, June into mid to late July (for example, the "tsuyu" rainy season in Japan over the same period).
The 2006 European heat wave was a period of exceptionally hot weather that arrived at the end of June 2006 in certain European countries. The United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Germany and western parts of Russia were most affected. Several records were broken. In the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom, July 2006 was the warmest month since official measurements began.
The table below lists climate normals for the warmest and coldest months in New Zealand's six largest cities. North Island cities are generally warmest in February. South Island cities are warmest in January.