Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that can help answer the question.
Query: When was Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park established?
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park is a regional park in King County, Washington, near the towns of Bellevue and Issaquah. The park was established in June 1983 to protect the central core of Cougar Mountain, the park covers 3,115 acres (12.61km2) with 38 miles (61km) of hiking trails and 12 miles (19km) of equestrian trails.
The park preserves the Sheep River valley between Elbow-Sheep Wildland Park and the eastern boundary of Kananaskis Country; the area is a transition zone between the Rocky Mountain and Foothills natural regions; it provides a travel corridor for numerous wildlife species including elk, moose, bighorn sheep, white-tailed deer, mule deer, wolves, grizzly bears, black bears and cougars.
There are five named waterfalls within or near Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park.
Among other smaller trailheads which provide on-street parking and access directly or via connecting trails to the park trail system are the following:
AA Peak - 1,480 feet (450m). This peak overlooks Radar Park, a former Cold War military installation. Excellent views to the north of Lake Sammamish and Mt. Baker are obtained here. The only summit reachable by car. Claypit Peak - 1,560 feet (480m). Separated from Wilderness Peak by a saddle, Claypit Peak looms above a 150-acre (0.61km2) open pit, the one-time source of clay for bricks, leased by Mutual Materials in Newcastle. It is unmarked on maps and is in the wilderness portion of the park designated Habitat Conservation Area with no access. Deceiver Ridge - 1,220 feet (370m). A broad plateau bristling with second-growth fir. Long View Peak - 1,445 feet (440m). This summit has a horse hitch, a bench, and a view to the south. Marshall's Hill - 1,120 feet (340m). Dominating the Renton side of Cougar Mountain, the top of Marshall's Hill is reached by switchbacks from the De Leo Wall. Reichert's Hill - 1,420 feet (430m). Also known as Radio Hill or Goat Hill, this is the site of many radio and television station broadcast antennas. Ring Road Peak - 1,245 feet (379m). On the shoulder of Long View Peak. The summit is outside the Park, on private property. Wilderness Peak - 1,595 feet (486m). There is no view owing to a stand of old growth timber, but Wilderness Peak is the highest elevation in the park. There is a summit register.
The hilltops of Cougar Mountain form a rough horseshoe-shape around the Klondike Marsh headwaters of Coal Creek, which runs northwest to Lake Washington through Coal Creek Park. Long Marsh Creek, Far Country Creek, Cabbage Creek, and Wilderness Creek are tributaries of May Creek, draining the south side of Cougar Mountain to Lake Washington. Deeply etching the sandstone precipice on the north and east side, Lewis Creek, Kline Creek, AA Creek, West Tibbets Creek, and Claypit Creek carry their water to Lake Sammamish.
There are four major trailheads within the park. Maps are available at these trailheads, and there are directional signs at major trail intersections. Equestrian access is available at all but the first of these. Bicycles are not allowed on any trails.
The city has an active trail building community, creating a system of trails that are being integrated into new housing developments and parks. Most of the trail-work has been completed by volunteers and the Washington Conservation Corps, or WCC, sponsored by the City of Newcastle. The trail system will eventually lead all the way to Lake Washington to the west, in conjunction with Renton, and is already connected to Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park to the east, which is in unincorporated King County.
Cougar populations have suffered due to human interference. Whereas cougars were once prevalent in Eastern North America, their populations have dwindled as a result of human interference. The Eastern North America decisuous region therefore could fail to regenerate because of the abundant populations of deer. The Wildlands Network focuses on 2 main goals in regards to the conservation of cougars. To push stronger policies for the protection of cougars in the Eastern U.S, and to continue the recovery of cougar populations in various wildland complexes. One of the main methods of carrying out these goals is to educate the public on the need for cougars. 
Jaguars are the largest wild cats in the world, and once roamed from the southern U.S to Argentina. Jaguar populations are dwindling at an alarming rate due to rapid urban development. The Wildlands Network focuses on creating conditions for jaguars to migrate freely between the US and Mexico because this migration path is essential for their survival (see Borderlands Campaign). One of the ways the Network is doing this is by advocating for wildlife crossing structures at key locations along Highway 2, which runs parallel to the U.S-Mexico Border. 
The Borderlands Campaign's goal is to ensure that wild animals have access to all of the natural immigration pathways that they had long before humans colonized the land. Political boundaries are meaningless to animals, and the Wildlands Network attempts to help governments recognize that by campaigning for animal crossing bridges rather than walls. The Wildlands Network identifies core areas and habitat corridors essential for the natural immigration patterns of many species. There are currently three core areas in Northern Mexico that the Network is hoping to strengthen protections in. 
The IATC has had a few setbacks from developers (notably Grand Ridge on the Sammamish Plateau) but overall they have been greatly instrumental in getting King County and local communities to set aside much of the Alps for recreational use. The club is now working with the Snoqualmie Valley Trails Club to advocate land management for the Mountains-to-Sound Greenway.Manning, Harvey. "The Authoritative Guide to the Hiking Trails of Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park and Surrounds (Foreword)." Issaquah Alps Trails Club, Issaquah, Washington, 2000.
Many provincial parks and wildland reserves are established on the river, such as Butler Ridge Provincial Park, Taylor Landing Provincial Park, Beatton River Provincial Park, Peace River Corridor Provincial Park in British Columbia and Dunvegan Provincial Park, "Dunvegan West Wildland", Peace River Wildland Provincial Park, Greene Valley Provincial Park, Notikewin Provincial Park, Wood Buffalo National Park in Alberta.
Richardson Wildland Park is a wildland provincial park in northern Alberta, Canada that is in size. It is located near the far northeast corner of the province within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, encompassing lands south of Lake Athabasca and east of the Athabasca River adjacent to Wood Buffalo National Park. The Government of Alberta announced its creation through its approval of the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan in August 2012.
Manning, Harvey & Owen, Ralph. Hiking and Strolling the Trails of Cougar Mountain, Issaquah Alps Trails Club, Issaquah, 1991. McCrone, Charles. The Authoritative Guide to the Hiking Trails of Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park and Surrounds, Issaquah Alps Trails Club, Issaquah, 2000.
Coal Creek Falls 25 feet (7.6m), seasonal flow. At Coal Creek near the Quarry Trail. Doughty Falls - At Cabbage Creek on the Deceiver Trail. Far Country Falls - At Far Country Creek on the Indian Trail. Sandstone Falls - On the Primrose Trail in Coal Creek Park. North Fork Falls - 20 feet (6.1m), year-round flow. Actually on the trail through Bellevue's Coal Creek Natural Area, across the road from the Red Town Trailhead.
Spray Valley Provincial Park is a provincial park located east of the Rocky Mountains, along the Spray River in western Alberta, Canada.
The park is part of the Kananaskis Country park system (along with Bluerock Wildland Provincial Park, Bow Valley Provincial Park, Bow Valley Wildland Provincial Park, Canmore Nordic Centre Provincial Park, Don Getty Wildland Provincial Park, Elbow-Sheep Wildland Provincial Park, Peter Lougheed Provincial Park, Plateau Mountain Ecological Reserve, Sheep River Provincial Park and numerous designated provincial recreational areas). Spray Valley borders the Banff National Park to the west.
Gipsy-Gordon Wildland Park is a wildland provincial park in northern Alberta, Canada that is in size. It is located in the northeast portion of the province within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, encompassing lands south of the Clearwater River and west of the Saskatchewan boundary that surround Gipsy Lake Wildland Provincial Park. The Government of Alberta announced its creation through its approval of the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan in November 2000.
Newcastle Crosstown Trail Trailhead at SE 85th St near 146th Pl SE in Newcastle Cul de sac at end of 161st Ave SE south of SE Cougar Mountain Way in Bellevue Indian Trail/Licorice Fern Trail crossing of SE Licorice Way above 169th Ave SE on the south side of the park Ring Road Trailhead located in the private area above Wilderness Creek Trail Bear Ridge Trailhead on SR900 1 mile south of Newport Way with overflow area just south of creek culvert. Big Tree Ridge Trailhead on Newport Way NW 1/2 mile NW of SR-900 Renton-Issaquah Road SE (pullover parking). Talus Neighborhood: The Bridges neighborhood in SW corner (Talus Bridge Trail) and Shangri-la Way at center west (Surprise Creek Trail) Harvey Manning Park at Talus <>. Restrooms, water fountains, play equipment.
Blackwater Pond - In the highlands between Wilderness Peak and Claypit Peak, drains east to Tibbets Creek. Jerry's Duck Pond - A quiet wooded man-made pond near the summit of Claypit Peak. Klondike Marsh - A former reservoir providing water for coal-car steam hoists. Long Marsh - Large swamp between the Wildside Trail and Indian Trail. Shy Bear Marsh - The source of Cabbage Creek in the most remote part of the park. Tibbett's Marsh - The source of West Tibbett's Creek, crossed by a massive downed cedar log. Trog Swamp - Wetland along the Far Country Trail. Lake Boren - Outside of the park, in a separate park in Newcastle. Lake Boren is the largest body of water in the highlands of Cougar Mountain.
The park is bordered on the north by the Lakemont neighborhood in the city of Bellevue and on the northeast by the city of Issaquah. The park is bounded on the east by the 260-acre Talus Open Space. State Route 900 forms the southeastern border. Neighboring Squak Mountain looms to the southeast and the farms of May Creek valley lie to the south. To the southwest is the city of Renton. The city of Newcastle, ranging over the Newport Hills occupies the western portion of Cougar Mountain, with several smaller parcels designated the China Creek Open Space abutting the park on the west and housing surrounding the Newcastle Golf Club directly to the west. To the northwest of the Red Town Trailhead is the deep gully of Coal Creek, with its own separate park, the Coal Creek Natural Area managed by the City of Bellevue which divides Newcastle from Bellevue. A 4-1/2 mile trail through the latter continues down to I-405. The park is fully within the Mountains to Sound Greenway.
Cougar Mountain is a peak in the Issaquah Alps in King County, Washington. It is part of the highlands in the Eastside suburbs of Seattle, and is the lowest and westernmost of the Alps. About two-thirds of Cougar Mountain has experienced residential development, and is home to many neighborhood communities such as Lakemont, but the forested heart of the hill was officially preserved by King County in June 1983 as Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park. Cougar Mountain is also home to the Cougar Mountain Zoo.
Kazan Wildland Park is a wildland provincial park in northern Alberta, Canada that is in size. It is located in the far northeast corner of the province within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, encompassing the majority of lands north of Lake Athabasca and east of the Slave River and Rivière des Rochers adjacent to Wood Buffalo National Park. The Government of Alberta announced its creation through its approval of the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan in August 2012.
Jim Whittaker Wilderness Peak Trailhead (SR 900/Renton-Issaquah Road SE 3.3 miles south of I-90): This small parking area provides access to the trail system on the east side of the park via the Whittaker Wilderness Peak Trail. It was formerly called the Wilderness Creek Trailhead, but renamed on September 26, 2013 at a ceremony attended by Jim Whittaker and King County Executive Dow Constantine. At the same time, connecting trails were dedicated in Whittaker's name and that of his climbing companion Nawang Gombu. Harvey Manning Trailhead (SE Cougar Mountain Drive): This area is located close to the top of Cougar Mountain and provides wonderful views to the north (sometimes one can catch a glimpse of Mt. Baker). Many of the wildland park's trails are accessed from this trailhead. Sky Country Trailhead (166th Way SE) is located near the former Nike missile site. Red Town Trailhead (Lakemont Blvd. SE/Newcastle Coal Creek Rd.) provides quick access to many historical mining exhibits in the northwest sector of the park, and also provides access to the adjacent Coal Creek Trail.
Caribou Mountains Wildland Park is a large wilderness area in northern Alberta, Canada. It is located in the Caribou Mountains, immediately west of Wood Buffalo National Park in a remote backcountry area. The closest community in Alberta is Fort Vermilion.
Issaquah is surrounded on three sides by the Issaquah Alps: Cougar Mountain on the west, Squak Mountain to the south, and Tiger Mountain to the east. To the north of Issaquah is Lake Sammamish. Cougar and Squak Mountains are home to sizable neighborhoods, though the bulk of all three mountains are preserved in public ownership as Squak Mountain State Park, Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park, West Tiger Mountain NRCA, and Tiger Mountain State Forest.
Geologists have noted the chemical and geological content of these three mountains to be much different than that of the Cascade Range, simply because they are not volcanic in origin, while the entire Cascade Range is postulated to have formed from volcanic action. They believe that these three mountains are the remains of a much older mountain range long since eroded by earthquakes, volcanic action, and shifting plates.
Cougar Mountain Zoo is an zoological park located in Issaquah, Washington, on the north slope of Cougar Mountain about east of Seattle. It is located near the border of the Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park. The zoo focuses on endangered species including lemurs from Madagascar, Bengal tigers, and endangered birds from various parts of the world. It was founded in 1972 by Peter and Marcie Rittler who operated it admission-free for its first 15 years. In 1990, the founders donated it to the Zoological Society of Washington which assumed the zoo's management and fundraising endeavors. As of 2009, Peter Rittler continued in the zoo's management.