Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that can help answer the question.
Query: When was Hangul invented?
The Korean alphabet is the native script of Korea, created in the mid fifteenth century by King Sejong,[1][2] as both a complement and an alternative to the logographic Sino-Korean hanja. Initially denounced by the educated class as eonmun (vernacular writing), it only became the primary Korean script following independence from Japan in the mid-20th century.[3]
The Korean word for "homosexual" is "dongseongaeja" (, "same-sex lover"). A less politically correct term is "dongseongyeonaeja" (Hangul: 동성연애자; Hanja: 同性戀愛者). South Korean homosexuals, however, make frequent use of the term "ibanin" (Hangul: 이반인; Hanja: 異般人 also 二般人) which can be translated as "different type person", and is usually shortened to "iban" (Hangul: 이반; Hanja: 異般). The word is a direct play on the word "ilban-in" (Hangul: 일반인; Hanja: 一般人) meaning "normal person" or "ordinary person". In addition, English loanwords are used in South Korea to describe LGBTQ people. These words are simple transliterations of English words into hangul: lesbian is "lejeubieon" or "yeoseongae" (Hangul: 레즈비언 or 여성애; Hanja: 女性愛), gay is "gei" or "namseongae" (Hangul: 게이 or 남성애; Hanja: 男性愛), queer is "kuieo" (Hangul: 퀴어), transgender is "teuraenseujendeo" (Hangul: 트랜스젠더), and bisexual is "yangseongaeja" (Hangul: 양성애자; Hanja: 兩性愛者).
"Jogwa" (hangul: 조과; hanja: 造果) is a word meaning all Korean traditional snack foods. People usually refer to them as "hangwa" to distinguish them from western-style cakes. People make "yumilgwa" (hangul: 유밀과, 유과; hanja: 油蜜果, 油菓) for memorial services, feasts and treating guests. They are divided into "yakgwa" (hangul: 약과; hanja: 藥果), "daegye" (hangul: 대계; hanja: 大桂), "jungbaeggi" (hangul: 중배끼; hanja: 中桂果), "hongsanja" (hangul: 홍산자; hanja: 紅癎子), "baeksanja" (hangul: 백산자; hanja: 白癎子), frozen desserts (hangul: 빙과; hanja: 氷果), "gwagwa" (hangul: 과과; hanja: 瓜果), "bongjeopgwa" (hangul: 봉접과; hanja: 蜂蝶果), "mandu-gwa" (hangul: 만두과; hanja: 饅頭果), and so on.
Choe Sejin is mostly known for his 1527 work, "Hunmong Jahoe" (훈몽자회). It is a textbook for children to learn the Chinese characters, and is known to be very practical in its teachings. During the Joseon Era, literacy in Chinese was an essential skill for advancement in society. Chinese was the dominant language of literature at this time, and children were taught Chinese from an early age to prepare for the future. Although hangul, the Korean orthography, existed by this time, it was not widely used in the country. Choe wanted to promote the usage of hangul through his work "Hunmong Jahoe". As a textbook for children to learn Chinese, "Hunmong Jahoe" incorporated hangul in the textbook to promote both the learning of Chinese characters, as well as hangul. The Chinese characters were annotated in hangul, and in order for one to understand and learn the Chinese characters, one must have a full grasp of hangul first to comprehend the annotations. Choe wanted people to use hangul more extensively, and he thought that this would encourage people to take some time to fully learn hangul, before starting to learn Chinese. He wrote that "it would take [only a single day] to learn Hangul", commenting on the simplicity of hangul, and afterwards, one would be able to learn Chinese on their own without an instructor if one knew hangul and utilized his textbook.
The statue of King Sejong was dedicated on 9 October 2009, in a ceremony attended by attended by President Lee Myung-bak and other Korean government official, on a Hangul Day in celebration of the 563rd anniversary of the invention of the Korean alphabet by King Sejong, two months after the Gwanghwamun Plaza opening. The golden statue is 6.2 meters high (another source gives the statue height as 9.5 meters and yet another, 6.7 meters) and weights 20 tons. The king has one hand raised and another placed on a book. Sides of the statue display all of the hangul alphabet characters. In front of the statue there are small models of a celestial globe, a rain gauge, and a sundial, the invention of which is also traditionally attributed to King Sejong in Korea. While King Sejong is best remembered for his invention of hangul, he is also considered to have been involved in promotion of agriculture, literature, science and technology, as well as Confucian philosophy, in Korea. 
The Korean Alphabet Day, known as Hangeul Day (한글날) in South Korea, and Chosŏn'gŭl Day in North Korea, is a national Korean commemorative day marking the invention and the proclamation of Hangul (한글; 조선글), the alphabet of the Korean language, by the 15th-century Korean monarch Sejong the Great. It is observed on October 9 in South Korea and on January 15 in North Korea. In 2013, Hangul Day became a national holiday in South Korea.
Since his inventions greatly contributed to his country, he was able to be promoted and participate in politics. However he was already old when he obtained the gunpowder recipe from the merchant, and his later days saw the change of Dynasty from Goryeo to Joseon. Soon after the foundation of the new Joseon Dynasty, Choe retired from both military and political affairs, and died in 1395. After his death, King Taejo gave him the honorary title of vice-premier. He is still remembered in Korea as the perfect role model for many scientists and as a patriot.Some of his inventions were: "daejanggunpo" (Hangul: 대장군포), "ijanggunpo" (Hangul: 이장군포), "samjanggunpo" (Hangul: 삼장군포), "yukhwa" (Hangul: 육화; Hanja: 六花), "seokpo" (석포; 石砲), "sinpo" (신포; 信砲), "hwajeon" (화전; 火箭; “Fire-arrow”), "hwapo" (화포; 火砲), "hwatong" (화통; 火㷁; “Fire-tube”), a possible forerunner of the hwacha, "juhwa" (주화; 走火; "Running fire"), which was the forerunner of the singijeon, and "cheollyeongjeon" (철령전; 鐵翎箭; literally “Iron-finned arrow”).
In Korea, the marking of traditional milestones in life is known as The Four Ceremonial Occasions, or Gwanhonsangje (Hangul: 관혼상제). The four rites of passage celebrated in this tradition are the coming of age (Gwallye; Hangul: 관례), marriage (Hollye; Hangul: 혼례), death, or the funeral rites (Sangrye; Hangul: 상례), and rites venerating the ancestors (Jerye; Hangul: 제례). The word "Gwanhonsangje" (Hangul: 관혼상제) is a generic term made up of the first letter of each word ("gwallye", "hollye", "sangrye", "jerye").
A potential solution to the linguistic and cultural bottleneck that held back movable type in Korea for two hundred years appeared in the early 15th century—a generation before Gutenberg would begin working on his own movable type invention in Europe—when King Sejong devised a simplified alphabet of 24 characters called Hangul for use by the common people, which could have made the typecasting and compositing process more feasible.
Kuryan -the Arabic script used for writing Korean language (Hangul) has invented by Korean Muslim in 2000s
Hunminjeongeum (lit. "The Correct/Proper Sounds for the Instruction of the People") is a document describing an entirely new and native script for the Korean language. The script was initially named after the publication, but later came to be known as hangul. It was created so that the common people illiterate in hanja could accurately and easily read and write the Korean language. It was announced in Volume 102 of the "Annals of King Sejong", and its formal supposed publication date, October 9, 1446, is now Hangul Day in South Korea. The Annals place its invention to the 25th year of Sejong's reign, corresponding to 1443–1444.
Although examples of mixed-script writing are as old as "hangul" itself, the mixing of "hangul" and "hanja" together in sentences became the official writing system of the Korean language at the end of the nineteenth century, when reforms ended the primacy of literary Chinese in literature, science and government. This style of writing, in competition with "hangul"-only writing, continued as the formal written version of Korean for most of the twentieth century. The script slowly gave way to "hangul"-only usage in North Korea by 1948, but it continues in South Korea to a limited extent, but with the decrease in "hanja" education, the number of "hanja" in use has slowly dwindled that in the twenty-first century, very few "hanja" are used at all.
The book is noted as a principal force—along with the introduction of Buddhism into Korea—behind the introduction of Chinese characters into the Korean language. Hanja was the sole means of writing Korean until the Hangul script was created under the direction of King Sejong the Great in the 15th century; however, even after the invention of Hangul, most Korean scholars continued to write in Hanja until the late 20th century.
Included with New Gulim in Old Hangul Support Pack is Gulim Old Hangul Jamo (굴림 옛한글 자모/GulRim YesHanGeul JaMo) font, which contains only Basic Latin, Hangul, and old Hangul glyphs found in New Gulim font. The old Hangul glyphs, and small form variants of Hangul glyphs that are in the PUA of New Gulim font are moved to CJK Unified Ideographs block. Only seven glyphs in the Hangul Syllables block of New Gulim are retained in their original code points in Gulim Old Hangul Jamo.
In Korea, glutinous rice is called "chapssal" (Hangul: 찹쌀), and its characteristic stickiness is called "chalgi" (Hangul: 찰기). Cooked rice made of glutinous rice is called "chalbap" (Hangul: 찰밥) and rice cakes (Hangul: 떡, ddeok) are called "chalddeok" or "chapssalddeok" (Hangul: 찰떡, 찹쌀떡). "Chalbap" is used as stuffing in "samgyetang" (Hangul: 삼계탕).
Hangul, a phonemic Korean alphabet invented around 1446 by scholars in the court of Sejong the Great, was little used for several centuries because of the perceived cultural superiority of Classical Chinese (a position similar to that of Latin in Europe). However, the Catholic Church became the first Korean religious organization to officially adopt Hangul as its primary script. Bishop Siméon-François Berneux mandated that all Catholic children be taught to read it. Christian literature printed for use in Korea, including that used by the network of schools established by Christian missionaries, mostly used the Korean language and the easily learned Hangul script. This combination of factors resulted in a rise in the overall literacy rate, and enabled Christian teachings to spread beyond the elite, who mostly used Chinese. As early as the 1780s, portions of the Gospels were published in Hangul; doctrinal books such as the "Jugyo Yoji" (주교요지) appeared in the 1790s and a Catholic hymnal was printed around 1800.
"Jangdok" (Hangul: 장독) means "crock" (for condiments and soy sauce) and "dae" (Hangul: 대) means "place", "support"... so "jangdokdae" (Hangul: 장독대) means "place for jangdok(s)". The jars are called "hangari" (Hangul: 항아리) or "onggi" (Hangul: 옹기).
Modern Korean is written almost exclusively in the script of the Korean alphabet (known as Hangul in South Korea and Chosungul in China and North Korea), which was invented in the 15th century. Korean is sometimes written with the addition of some Chinese characters called Hanja; however, this is only occasionally seen nowadays. While Hangul may appear logographic, it is actually a phonemic alphabet organised into syllabic blocks. Each block consists of at least two of the 24 hangul letters ("jamo"): at least one each of the 14 consonants and 10 vowels. Historically, the alphabet had several additional letters (see obsolete jamo). For a phonological description of the letters, see Korean phonology.
This set includes modern Hangul consonants, followed by vowels, both ordered by South Korean collation customs, followed by obsolete consonants. When used individually, these characters map to the Unicode Hangul Compatibility Jamo block, and do not have a one-to-one mapping with the position-specific characters in the Hangul Jamo block. Compare with row 4 of the North Korean KPS 9566.
Old Korean is attested in Chinese histories, in the Three Kingdoms period of Korea (ca. 0 to 900 CE), when the Silla Kingdom (in Eastern Korea), Baekje Kingdom (in Southwestern Korea), and Goguryeo Kingdom (in Northern Korea) were simultaneously present on the Korean peninsula, although Korean was not a literary language until later; the hangul script of Korean was invented in the 15th century CE (the earlier Idu script dates to the 6th century CE).
HWP files, up to the versions created with Hangul '97, can be opened with OpenOffice.org (version 4.1.1 or earlier) or LibreOffice. However, files created with later editions of Hangul, including Hangul Wordian, Hangul 2002, Hangul 2005 and Hangul 2007 cannot be opened with OpenOffice or LibreOffice, due to the major changes in the document structure. These later versions of Hangul do not provide support for opening and saving of files in Microsoft Word format, but users are not necessarily aware of this. Consequently, Korean Hangul users may often send files to non-Koreans in .hwp format, not realizing the recipient will be unable to open such files.
Born in Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Kim Min-Ki moved to Seoul before he was in primary school. When he was at Seoul National University, he started writing music and formed the group 'Doobidoo'. At that time, he met Helen Yang, his primary school friend, and wrote her a song named 'Morning dew' (Hangul: 아침 이슬) which was released in 1970. In 1972, he was arrested for singing songs such as 'We will win' (Hangul: 우리 승리하리라), 'Freedom Song' (Hangul: 해방가), 'The Child Blowing Flowers' (Hangul: 꽃피우는 아이), with all of his songs prevented from being broadcast. After he left the Korean army, he wrote Hee Eun Yang's song 'Like the Pine Needles in Wild Grassland' (Hangul:거치른 들판의 푸르른 솔잎처럼) and also 'The Light in the Factory' (Hangul: 공장의 불빛).
The text is notable for being one of the earliest printed examples of Korea's native "hangul" characters. It was printed using moveable copper type called "gabinja", the first form of printed type created after the invention of the "hangul", and as such represents the oldest form of indigenous Korean written text.
Cheugugi (Hangul: 측우기, Hanja: 測雨器) is the first well-known rain gauge invented and used by the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. It was invented and supplied to each provincial offices during the King Sejong the Great's reign. As of 2010, only one example of the Cheugugi remains, known as the Geumyeong Cheugugi (Hangul: 금영측우기, Hanja: 錦營測雨器), which literally means "Cheugugi installed on the provincial office's yard." It is designated as National Treasures #561 of Korea and was installed in provincial office of Gongju city, 1837 by King Yeongjo, the 21st king of Joseon. In addition, the official record of the rainfall by Cheugugi from King Jeongjo's reign to Emperor Gojong's reign is preserved.
Hanja were the sole means of writing Korean until King Sejong the Great promoted the invention of Hangul in the 15th century. Even after the invention of Hangul, however, most Korean scholars continued to write in "hanmun".