Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that can help answer the question.
Query: When did Star Trek first air?
"Where No Man Has Gone Before" is the third episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series, Star Trek. Written by Samuel A. Peeples and directed by James Goldstone, it first aired on September 22, 1966.
"" is an American science fiction television series that originally aired on the UPN network from September 26, 2001 to May 13, 2005. Until the episode "" towards the start of the , the series was called simply "Enterprise" without the "Star Trek" prefix. The series aired for 98 episodes across four seasons, centring on the adventures of the 22nd century starship "Enterprise". They are the first deep space explorers in Starfleet, using the first Warp 5 equipped vessel. It was set within the universe of the "Star Trek" franchise, with the series placed earlier in the chronology than "".
After completing his second "Star Trek" novel, "World Without End" (1979), Haldeman was "fed up…" and left the "Star Trek" 'enterprise' at "warp factor five," finding the work of writing in-universe restraining. Haldeman told Jeff Ayers, in "Voyages of Imagination" (2006), that he wrote the first novel to explore writing when "all the main characters are already known to the readers," and he did not expect to do a second.
"The Voyage Home" opened theatrically in North America on Thanksgiving weekend, November 26, 1986. Since "Star Trek" had traditionally performed poorly internationally, the producers created a special trailer for foreign markets that de-emphasized the "Star Trek" part of the title, as well as retelling the events of "The Wrath of Khan" and "The Search for Spock". Winter recalled that the marketing did not seem to make a difference. "The Voyage Home" was the first "Star Trek" film shown in the Soviet Union, screened by the World Wildlife Fund on June 26, 1987, in Moscow to celebrate a ban on whaling. Attending the screening with Nimoy, Bennett was amazed the film proved as entertaining to the Russians as it did with American audiences; he said "the single most rewarding moment of my "Star Trek" life" was when the Moscow audience applauded at McCoy's line, "The bureaucratic mentality is the only constant in the universe. We'll get a freighter." Bennett believed it was a clear "messenger of what was to come".
FASA developed its game in the mid-1980s, when the only new on-screen "Star Trek" material was the second through fourth movies, and fans received new material in other forms eagerly. Paramount Pictures, the company with the right to grant licenses to produce "Star Trek"-related materials to other companies, gave its stamp of approval to many printed works, and there were no claims that these materials were or were not canon. They borrowed freely from each other - the game includes background from the 1980 book "Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology", while the 1987 book "Mr. Scott's Guide to the Enterprise" includes elements from the FASA background - and fans believed that if Paramount's name was on something, it must be valid "Star Trek". Many players therefore were dismayed when "Star Trek: The Next Generation" began to air in 1987 with what they saw as "changes" to a pre-established universe.
Throughout multiple script revisions a number of titles were considered, including "Star Trek: Borg", "Star Trek: Destinies", "Star Trek: Future Generations" and "Star Trek: Generations II". The planned title of "Resurrection" was scrapped when Fox announced the title of the fourth "Alien" film; the film was rebranded "First Contact" on May 3, 1996.
FASA designed their "Star Trek" game universe nearly five years before "" ("TNG") (1987-1994) was first broadcast. The game's designers built their "game universe" when there was no official canon, and they borrowed heavily from ideas in the "Star Trek" original series, the "Star Trek" animated series, fan fiction, and the works of the late "Star Trek" novelist John M. Ford.
After the release of "", DC Comics became the "Star Trek" comic licensee, publishing stories from 1984 set in the movie era (see "Star Trek DC comics"). In 1988, the series ended when Paramount withdrew its license at the advice of Richard Arnold following a series of disputes between Arnold and DC Comics, specifically with the comic's main author, Peter David. After a year's hiatus DC's second "Star Trek" series was launched with an adaptation of "". Original stories took place in the large gap between "Star Trek V" and "", but did not continue from the previous series, so storylines from that series were either ignored or rewritten. Although more limited in scope than the first series due to restrictions from Paramount – which included a prohibition by Richard Arnold against the creation and use of original and non-series-related ongoing characters in the comic stories – and the controversial removal of Peter David as head writer, the series still lasted 80 issues. Howard Weinstein, who like David was also a "Star Trek" novelist, took over writing the comic with issue No. 20, and used the opportunity to flesh-out some of the changes between "Star Trek V" and "VI", such as Sulu's promotion to captain of the "Excelsior".
Trimble contributed to the first encyclopedic collection of data for "Star Trek", the Star Trek Concordance, which contains cross-referenced details on every character, setting, event and device in every episode of the original "", its incarnation and, in later editions of the book, the "Star Trek" films. According to former "Trek" archivist Richard Arnold, the "Concordance" was used as a primary source of official canon by writers of the "Star Trek" Universe when he first started working at Paramount.
The first fan convention devoted to the show occurred on 1 March 1969 at the Newark Public Library. Organized by a librarian who was one of the creators of "Spockanalia", the "Star Trek Con" did not have celebrity guests but did have "slide shows of 'Trek' aliens, skits and a fan panel to discuss 'The Star Trek Phenomenon.'" Some fans were so devoted that they complained to a Canadian TV station when it preempted an episode in July 1969 for coverage of Apollo 11.
However, the Trekkie phenomenon did not come to the attention of the general public until after the show was cancelled in 1969 and reruns entered syndication. The first widely publicized fan convention occurred in January 1972 at the Statler Hilton Hotel in New York, featuring Roddenberry, Isaac Asimov, and two tons of NASA memorabilia. The organizers expected 500 attendees at the "First International "Star Trek" Convention" but more than 3,000 came; attendees later described it as "packed" and like "a rush-hour subway train". By then more than 100 fanzines about the show existed, its reruns were syndicated to 125 American TV stations and 60 other countries, and news reports on the convention caused other fans, who had believed themselves to be alone, to organize.
Shatner did not expect "Star Trek" to be successful, so when it was cancelled in 1969, he assumed it would be the end of his association with the franchise. He went on to voice Kirk in the animated "Star Trek" series, star in the first seven "Star Trek" films, and provide voice acting for several games. "" director and writer Nicholas Meyer, who had never seen an episode of "Star Trek" before he was assigned to direct, conceived a ""Hornblower" in outer space" atmosphere, unaware that those books had been an influence on the show. Meyer also emphasized parallels to Sherlock Holmes, in that both characters waste away in the absence of stimuli: new cases for Holmes; starship adventures for Kirk.
While this was one of several Star Trek roles for Scott, he: 
made his most memorable Trek appearance as Khan's son, Joachim, in "Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan". Not only did he get a featured role in the best Star Trek movie ever, but he got to play opposite Ricardo Montalban. The two entered into a friendship which is still alive and well today. Recently, when Ricardo received a lifetime achievement award, Judson was the presenter.
On September 10, 2012, Paramount confirmed the film's title as "Star Trek Into Darkness". Abrams had indicated that unlike some of the earlier films in the franchise, his second "Star Trek" would not include a number in its title. This decision was made to avoid repeating the sequel numbering which began with "", or making a confusing jump from "Star Trek " to "Star Trek 12". Lindelof addressed the team's struggle to agree on a title: "There have been more conversations about what we're going to call it than went into actually shooting it... There's no word that comes after the colon after "Star Trek" that's cool. Not that "Star Trek: Insurrection" or "First Contact" aren't good titles, it's just that everything that people are turned off about when it comes to "Trek" is represented by the colon". Of the titles proposed, he joked that he preferred "Star Trek: Transformers 4" best because the title is "technically available".
Disruptor Beam approached CBS about a "Star Trek" game when they had been developing for a year. Jon Radoff, CEO of Disruptor Beam, described the process of licensing "Star Trek" as "very competitive". Officially announced in April 2014, "Star Trek Timelines" is a 3D/2D game built in Unity 5. Its first live demo was at PAX East 2015, and the first playable tutorial experience was later debuted at "Star Trek" Las Vegas 2015.
Some actors, such as Nichelle Nichols, were unaware of the size of the show's fandom until the conventions, but major and minor cast members began attending them around the United States. The conventions so grew in popularity that the media cited Beatlemania and Trudeaumania as examples to describe the emerging "cultural phenomenon". 6,000 attended the 1973 New York convention and 15,000 attended in 1974, much larger figures than at older events like the 4,500 at the 32nd Worldcon in 1974. By then the demand from Trekkies was large enough that rival convention organizers began to sue each other. The first UK convention was held in 1974 and featured special guests George Takei and James Doohan. After this, there was an official British convention yearly.
Because "Star Trek" was set in the future the show did not become dated, and by airing during the late afternoon or early evening when other stations showed news programs it attracted a young audience. The reruns' great popularity—greater than when "Star Trek" originally aired in prime time—caused Paramount to receive thousands of letters each week demanding the show's return and promising that it would be profitable. (The fans were correct; by the mid-1990s "Star Trek"—now called within Paramount "the franchise" and its "crown jewel"—had become the studio's single most-important property, and Paramount sponsored its first convention in 1996.)
The episode was not the first to be broadcast in the United Kingdom, which instead premiered "Star Trek" on BBC One with "Where No Man Has Gone Before" on July 12, 1969. The episodes continued to be broadcast in a different order than they had appeared in the United States. "The Man Trap" was shown nearly three months later on October 4 as the 13th episode. This was during the period when the channel was still broadcasting only in black and white; it was not until "" on November 15 that the series was shown in color. During subsequent repeats of "Star Trek", the channel reverted to NBC's schedule and showed "The Man Trap" as the first episode. Canadian network CTV aired episodes of the first season of "Star Trek" on Tuesday nights instead of Thursdays and so ran "The Man Trap" on September 6, 1966, two days before NBC. Airing American programs early was a common practice among Canadian broadcasters in order to avoid direct competition for viewers and advertisers with American border stations airing the same program at the same time. The practice became obsolete once simultaneous substitution of commercials was permitted.
After signing a deal to expand the "Star Trek" franchise on television, Kurtzman announced "Short Treks" as the first such project in July 2018. The first four episodes aired from October 2018 to January 2019, between the and of "Discovery". In January 2019, it was announced that the series had been renewed for two additional animated episodes that are set to air following the conclusion of "Discovery"s second season.
On October 4, 1988, Paramount Pictures aired a two-hour television special, hosted by Patrick Stewart, called "The Star Trek Saga: From One Generation to the Next", which featured, for the first time, a full-color television presentation of "The Cage". In some markets, the special did not air until October 15, 1988. In the United States, "The Cage" was first released to DVD in December 2001. It was later included on the final disc in both the original and "remastered" season 3 DVD box sets (listed with the original air date of October 15, 1988).
The first original "Star Trek" novel for adults, "Spock Must Die!", was not published until February 1970. While Whitman did not publish any other "Star Trek" novels, it did publish a range of coloring books based on the series. "Mission to Horatius" was re-published by Pocket Books in February 1999 to celebrate the publisher's 20th anniversary of holding the official "Star Trek" license. Editor John J. Ordover stated, when interviewed for Jeff Ayers' "Voyages of Imagination", that it was reprinted for fun, and that when pitched he had explained that Paramount Studios held the rights to the book as Whitman had gone out of business. He added "It was selling for $50 at conventions. So why not do a reissue? It was the first "Star Trek" novel ever done and the first one I read." In order to re-publish the work, Pocket Books bought a second-hand copy from science fiction author Dayton Ward.
From the show's debut up until the end of the first season of "Star Trek: The Next Generation", "TAS" was considered part of "Star Trek" canon. Then, from the end of the first season of "Star Trek: The Next Generation" on May 16, 1988 (when all licenses for "Star Trek" spin-off fiction were renegotiated) up to June 27, 2007, "TAS" was "decanonized". However, on June 27, 2007, "Star Trek"s official website incorporated information from "TAS" into its library, recanonizing it.
Michael Scott designed his Star Trek game universe nearly nine years before (TNG) (1987–1994) first aired. The game's designer built his "game universe" when there was no official canon, and he borrowed heavily from ideas in the Star Trek original series and the Star Trek animated series.
"Star Trek" creator Gene Roddenberry first suggested the idea of a "Star Trek" feature in 1969. When the original television series was canceled, he lobbied to continue the franchise through a film. The success of the series in syndication convinced the studio to begin work on a feature film in 1975. A series of writers attempted to craft a suitably epic screenplay, but the attempts did not satisfy Paramount, so the studio scrapped the project in 1977. Paramount instead planned on returning the franchise to its roots with a new television series, "". The massive worldwide box office success of "Star Wars" in mid-1977 sent Hollywood studios to their vaults in search of similar sci-fi properties that could be adapted or re-launched to the big screen. When Columbia's "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" had a huge opening in late December 1977, Paramount was convinced that science fiction films other than "Star Wars" could do well at the box office, and production of "Phase II" was cancelled in favor of making a "Star Trek" film.
On November 2, 2015, CBS announced a new "Star Trek" television series to premiere in January 2017, "on the heels" of the ' 50th anniversary in 2016, to be developed specifically for the on-demand service CBS All Access. In February 2016, Bryan Fuller was announced as the new series' showrunner. Fuller began his career writing for the series "" and "", and had publicly called for "Star Trek" to return to television for years. When he first met with CBS about the series, the company did not have a plan for what the new show would be, and Fuller proposed an anthology series where each season would be a standalone, serialized show set in a different era, beginning with a prequel to the original series. CBS told Fuller to start with a single serialized show and see how that performs first, and so he began further developing the prequel concept. In June, Fuller announced that the first season would consist of 13 episodes, and a month later, at "Star Trek"s 50th anniversary San Diego Comic-Con panel, he revealed the series' title to be "Star Trek: Discovery." He also said it would be set in the "Prime Timeline" alongside the previous "Star Trek" series.
He recounts a chance encounter with William Shatner shortly after filming the pilot to "Star Trek", where at first Shatner did not recognize him. He also recounts other tensions between himself and Shatner. Takei played character Nim in John Wayne's "The Green Berets", and when he returned to "Star Trek" found that some of his lines had been given to a new character, Pavel Chekov, played by Walter Koenig. He recounts his jealousy at hearing this news. Takei describes the filming of "" and his attempts to inject more substance into his character of Sulu. When he heard that there was a plan to replace the original "Star Trek" cast with new crew members for "", Takei rallied fans at twelve consecutive Star Trek conventions, and Paramount Studios dropped plans to change the crew. In "", Takei's character Sulu is Captain of the starship "Excelsior", and plays an integral role in rescuing the starship "Enterprise".
Star Trek: The Animated Series ("ST: TAS"), originally aired as Star Trek and as The Animated Adventures of Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek, is an American animated science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry. It originally aired from September 8, 1973 to October 12, 1974 on NBC, spanning 22 episodes over two seasons. The second series in the "Star Trek" franchise, it is the first sequel to "". Set in the 23rd century, when Earth is part of a United Federation of Planets, it follows the adventures of the Starfleet vessel USS "Enterprise" as it explores the Milky Way galaxy.