Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that answer the question.
Query: When was the schooner invented?
According to the language scholar Walter William Skeat, the term schooner comes from scoon, while the sch spelling comes from the later adoption of the Dutch spelling ("schoener"). Another study suggests that a Dutch expression praising ornate schooner yachts in the 17th century, "een schoone Schip", may have led to the term "schooner" being used by English speakers to describe the early versions of the schooner rig as it evolved in England and America.[2] The Dutch word "schoon(e)" means nice, clean, good looking.
When Emperor Pedro II was declared of legal age and assumed his constitutional prerogatives in 1840, the Armada had over 90 warships: six frigates, seven corvettes, two barque-schooners, six brigs, eight brig-schooners, 16 gunboats, 12 schooners, seven armed brigantine-schooners, six steam barques, three transport ships, two armed luggers, two cutters and thirteen larger boats.
Multi-masted staysail schooners usually carried a mule above each staysail except the fore staysail. Gaff-rigged schooners generally carry a triangular fore-and-aft topsail above the gaff sail on the main topmast and sometimes also on the fore topmast (see illustration), called a gaff-topsail schooner. A gaff-rigged schooner that is not set up to carry one or more gaff topsails is sometimes termed a "bare-headed" or "bald-headed" schooner. A gaff schooner may carry a square topsail atop the foremast. A schooner with no bowsprit is known as a "knockabout" schooner. A "cat-rigged" schooner not only has no bowsprit but has no headsails, and has the foremast set as far forward as possible.[18]
When Emperor Pedro II was declared of legal age and assumed his constitutional prerogatives in 1840, the Armada had over 90 warships: six frigates, seven corvettes, two barque-schooners, six brigs, eight brig-schooners, 16 gunboats, 12 schooners, seven armed brigantine-schooners, six steam barques, three transport ships, two armed luggers, two cutters and thirteen larger boats.
On 26 July 1807, His Majesty's schooners "Maria", under Henderson's command, and captured the schooner "Atlantic". On 2 August, "Maria" was in company with"Pert" when they captured the schooner "Governor MKean". Then on 4 October, "Maria" was in company with "Jason", "Hart", and "Pert" when they captured the schooner "Rebecca". However the prize money for these vessels arrived in 1809, too late to be of much use to "Maria"s crew.
The schooner was later in the 1920s bought by "Putnam Lumber Company" in Shamrock (Florida) who sold it in 1939. 
The sources does not say who bought the schooner in 1939, when it foundered it was of Tampa, Florida, USA.
A popular legend holds that the first schooner was built by builder Andrew Robinson and launched in Gloucester, Massachusetts where a spectator exclaimed "Oh how she scoons", scoon being similar to scone,[3] a Scots word meaning to skip along the surface of the water.[4][5] Robinson replied, "A schooner let her be."[6] The launch is variously described as being in 1713 or 1745.[2] Naval architects such as Howard Chapelle have dismissed this invention story as a "childish fable",[7] but some language scholars feel that the legend may support a Gloucester origin of the word.[8]
Today, "Sweepstakes" is said to be picture perfect, where the hull remains intact. "Sweepstakes" is located approximately 50 yards from the head of Big Tub Harbour and remains in the water at a depth of 20 feet. The bow area of the boat contains the windlass and portions of the starboard railings remain unharmed. The stern name-board has been removed and currently is on display at the Bruce County Museum in Southampton. In the middle of the schooner is the center-board box, with the centerboard inside. This extends from keel to deck. The aft-deck of the "Sweepstakes" has collapsed, causing the stern-post to fall, where it now lies on the bottom of Big Tub Harbour. The Fathom Five National Marine Park has made repairs to the slowly deteriorating schooner to keep the deck from collapsing. Although "Sweepstakes" deteriorates a little more each year, it is said to be one of the best preserved 19th-century Great Lakes schooners that has been found and is considered one of the most popular shipwrecks in the Fathom Five National Marine Park. Nearby is another popular visited shipwreck, the "City of Grand Rapids". The schooner gives a good depiction of what a typical Great Lakes schooner looked like. Contrary to previous advisories when entering the shipwreck, this must be done with caution; entry of the schooner is no longer accessible to divers. The Fathom Five National Marine Park officials have put up fencing to prevent entry into the schooner. This reduces any further damage to the schooner which could be caused by the exhaled bubbles of the divers.
Adventure, 1926 design by Thomas McManus as a "knockabout" schooner. When she retired in 1953 she was the last American dory fishing trawler left of what was a prosperous and numerous fleet of Grand Banks fishing schooners. Adventuress, 1913 B.B. Crowninshield design America, eponym of the America's Cup American Eagle, the last schooner to be launched from Gloucester in the 1930s – 14 or more times winner of the Gloucester Schooner Festival races, only topped by the new, steel hulled Columbia. Bluenose, a Canadian racing and fishing vessel Brutus, one of the vessels of the First Texas Navy Casco, yacht which Robert Louis Stevenson chartered in 1888 for his voyage to the South Seas Charming Betsy, the eponym of a famous canon of statutory interpretation City of New York (1885 ship) Columbia (schooner), 1923 the final development of the Gloucester fishing schooner design. Lost with all hands in August 1927. A steel replica was built by Eastern Shipbuilding in Panama City, Florida and launched in August 2014. Clotilde, the last ship to bring African slaves to the United States Delawana, a Canadian fishing vessel and race winner Demeter (fictional in Dracula, by Bram Stoker), a Russian schooner transporting Count Dracula from the Balkans to London Duncan, (fictional in In Search of the Castaways) by Jules Verne, referred to as a "yacht" but described as a two-mast topsail schooner with combined sail/steam propulsion Effie M. Morrissey, now Ernestina, the oldest surviving Grand Banks fishing schooner USS Enterprise, fired the first shots in the First Barbary War. Later rebuilt as a brig and fought in the War of 1812. Enterprize, the ship that brought the first European settlers to Melbourne, Australia Esperanto (schooner), Gloucester, Massachusetts fishing schooner, winner of the 1920 International Fisherman's Cup Fram, the legendary Norwegian polar ship used by both Nansen and Amundsen in their exploration of the poles Grace Bailey (formerly Mattie), built in 1885 as a coastal schooner, she began running passengers in 1939 out of Camden, Maine and has been since, making her the oldest continuously operated sail excursion vessel in the United States. Gringo, 1886, Italian schooner. Rebuilt by Fernando Zuccaro in the 1990s in Argentina. Still sailing the South Atlantic Hesper and Luther Little, two of the last four-masted schooners to be built in the United States HMS Halifax, built as Nova Scotia Packet in 1765, well documented early colonial schooner USS Hannah, the first armed American naval vessel Hispaniola (fictional in Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island) Independence, one of the vessels of the First Texas Navy Invincible, one of the vessels of the First Texas Navy USS James S. Chambers (1861) La Amistad, ship on which a famous slave revolt occurred Lewis R. French (schooner), currently the oldest schooner in the US. Liberty, one of the vessels of the First Texas Navy Liverpool Packet, a famous Nova Scotian privateer schooner Nellie J. Banks, Canadian rum runner HMS Pickle, carried the news of Nelson's victory and death at Trafalgar back to Britain Pride of Baltimore, a Baltimore Clipper re-creation sunk in a white squall Rich Harvest, a 72-foot ferrocement staysail schooner, infamous as the "offshore off-licence" Roseway, 1925 built in Essex, Massachusetts. The only known surviving example of a fishing schooner built specifically with racing as the objective RYS Royalist, sailed to Borneo by James Brooke, enabling him to become 1st White Rajah of Sarawak San Antonio, one of the vessels of the Second Texas Navy, and sister ship to the La Amistad, San Jacinto, and San Bernard San Bernard, one of the vessels of the Second Texas Navy, and sister ship to the La Amistad, San Antonio, and San Jacinto San Jacinto, one of the vessels of the Second Texas Navy, and sister ship to the La Amistad, San Antonio, and San Bernard Separación Dominicana, the first armed Dominican Navy vessel Thomas W. Lawson, the only seven-masted schooner Wawona, built at Fairhaven, California for the lumber trade and the largest three-masted schooner built We're Here, from Rudyard Kipling's book Captains Courageous Western Union, last surviving authentic working tall ship built in Florida, also the flagship of the State of Florida and the flagship of the city of Key West When and If, 1939 designed by John G. Alden for then Colonel George S. Patton Wolf (schooner), flagship of the Conch Republic. She is a steel hull Merritt Walter design. Wyoming, the largest wooden schooner Zaca, a wood-hulled schooner appropriated by the US Navy for local patrol of the San Francisco area in World War II Zavala, one of the vessels of the Second Texas Navy, and the first Steamship-of-War in the Western Hemisphere Zodiac, 1924 William Hand Jr. design.
On September 28, 2003, the schooner was at Halifax Harbour at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic preparing to sail to Lunenburg, Nova Scotia and then home to Cape Cod. when Hurricane Juan struck. "Larinda" was moored north of the corvette "HMCS Sackville" when the corvette broke loose and rammed the schooner. According to the Canadian Coast Guard, winds reached up to . The schooner took on large amounts of water and sank just after the hurricane ended early on September 29. The sinking took place so quickly that only a few documents were saved, although all of the crew escaped unharmed. The schooner was raised by a crane and barge on October 17, 2003. However the schooner was badly contaminated by harbour sewage. Mahan was unable to afford repairs and decontamination and was forced to sell "Larinda". "Larinda" was purchased by Arthur Scott and Charlene Corkum of St. Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia who completed repairs and now use the schooner to promote a cottage and restaurant complex. The Mahan family sued "Sackville's" owners, the Naval Memorial Trust in 2009 for $815,000 but the Nova Scotia Supreme Court dismissed the case on August 4, 2011, concluding that the Trust had taken all necessary and appropriate precautions to secure "Sackville".
The steam schooner San Pedro (1899-1920) was the first vessel constructed by John Lindstrom's shipbuilding yard at Aberdeen, Washington in 1899. She was one of many steam schooners constructed by the yard that year, (which included the "Aberdeen", "Henry Wilson" and "W.H. Kruger") and weighed 456 tons. On October 3, 1905, the "San Pedro" accompanied the tugboat "Pomo" when the latter was towing the lumber schooner "Santa Barbara", damaged by grounding, to Hunter's Point, California.
If a Morg is killed adjacent to one of the exits, the cactus placed there blocks off the exit for the remainder of the game day. When all exits are blocked, the schooner is automatically moved to somewhere outside the sixteen blocks. If the schooner is killed at this point, the new schooner appears somewhere else on the screen.
On the morning of 16 July 1808, Captain John Holligsworth of "Minstrel" was off Veruda, when he observed a schooner anchor off "Paul's". As "Minstrel" approached, the crew of the schooner fired her guns at "Minstrel" and then ran schooner ashore "on one of the Bryone Islands", where they abandoned her. The schooner turned out to be the Italian schooner "Ortenzia", pierced for 16 guns but carrying only ten. She had had a crew of 56 men under the command of "lieutenant de fregate" Stalamini. Hollingsworth opined that she would be useful in His Majesty's service as she was a "very fast sailing Vessel... Copper bottomed, nearly new".
On 7 February Campbell was cruising between Altavella and the Main, when he discovered three vessels, two French schooner privateers and an English ship, their prize. One schooner escaped after a running battle. "Decouverte" succeeded in driving the other schooner and the ship on shore. Next morning, when Campbell sailed in to take possession of the two vessels, he found the enemy still in possession, covered by small arms fire from the shore. The British were able by cannon fire to drive the French from the ship. Campbell sent a request to the schooner under a flag of truce that she surrender the ship, together with whatever prisoners might be on board the schooner. The schooner's captain refused. Campbell then deployed a boarding party that set fire to the ship. The water was too shallow for the British to be able to get closer to the schooner, but Campbell was confident that she was wrecked on the rocks. The ship was "Matilda", of Halifax, Nova Scotia, which had been sailing to Jamaica.
Many Tancook boats were built for yachtsmen of the Chester region. Mahone Bay was a popular yachting area and the handsome sea kindly schooners made good cruisers when outfitted for pleasure sailing. Working boats were also bought and converted for yachting. The "Airlie" of the Nova Scotia Schooner Association is one surviving example of a working schooner converted to pleasure.
On 22 June, during a reconnaissance in Bay River, "Shawsheen" captured schooner, "Henry Clay", up Spring Creek. She then sent an armed boat up Dimbargon Creek to capture a small unnamed schooner carrying turpentine.
Perhaps her most productive day came on 20 July when she took five schooners—"Sally", "Helen Jane", "Elizabeth", "Dolphin" and "James Brice"—near Cedar Island, in the Nuese River. Nine days later, she captured the schooner, "Telegraph", in Rose Bay, North Carolina.
Patton had a personal schooner named "When and If". The schooner was designed by famous naval architect John G. Alden and built in 1939. The schooner's name comes from Patton saying he would sail it "when and if" he returned from war.
"Franchise" was off Curaçao on 24 April 1805 when she sighted a schooner that anchored under the guns of the fort of Port Maria. "Franchise" sailed in and fired on the schooner and the fort before she could cut her out. The schooner turned out to be a tender to the Dutch frigate "Kenau Hasselar". The schooner had a crew of a lieutenant and 35 men, but a number escaped ashore, leaving behind 24 of their wounded compatriots, as well as the surgeon and the lieutenant. "Franchise" had one man seriously wounded and two men slightly wounded. The schooner was carrying lumber and rice.
On 24 April 1805, HMS "Franchise" was off Curaçao when she sighted a schooner that anchored under the guns of the fort of Port Maria. "Franchise" sailed in and fired on the fort and on the schooner for an hour before "Franchise" could cut the schooner out. The schooner turned out to be a tender to "Kenau Hasselar". The schooner had a crew of a lieutenant and 35 men, but a number escaped ashore, leaving behind 24 of their wounded compatriots, as well as the surgeon and the lieutenant. "Franchise" had one man seriously wounded and two men slightly wounded. The schooner was carrying lumber and rice.
William James wrote scathingly of the "Ballahoo" and subsequent "Cuckoo"-class schooners, pointing out the high rate of loss, primarily to wrecking or foundering, but also to enemy action. He reports that they were "sent to 'take, burn, and destroy' the vessels of war and merchantmen of the enemy". The record suggests that none seem to have done so successfully. In the only two (arguably three) cases when the "Cuckoo"-class schooners did engage enemy vessels, in each case the enemy force was much stronger and overwhelmed the "Cuckoo"-class schooners.
Even though steamboats were used for time-critical routes such as for passengers and mail, schooners were still economical to use for bulk cargoes such as grain, wood, or iron ore. Steam tugs were introduced on the Great Lakes that could tow one or more barges. Since old schooners were available, they could be adapted to towing service with reduced crews. When winds were favorable, the schooner barge could have one or two sails rigged to save fuel in the steam tug. Eventually schooner-rigged wooden ships were purposely built for use as barges. The concept was later extended to salt-water use, with, for example, the United States Navy converting some schooners for use as barges for coal.
Martin Leander Welch (1864–1935) was a fishing schooner captain out of Gloucester, Massachusetts. He was captain of the Esperanto in 1920 when it defeated the Canadian schooner Delawana in the first International Fishing Schooner Championship Races in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
When Emperor Pedro II was declared of legal age and assumed his constitutional prerogatives in 1840, the Armada had over 90 warships: six frigates, seven corvettes, two barque-schooners, six brigs, eight brig-schooners, 16 gunboats, 12 schooners, seven armed brigantine-schooners, six steam barques, three transport ships, two armed luggers, two cutters and thirteen larger boats.
A schooner is a type of sailing vessel with fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts, the foremast being no taller than the rear mast(s). Such vessels were first used by the Dutch in the 16th or 17th century (but may not have been called that at the time). Schooners first evolved from a variety of small two-masted gaff-rigged vessels used in the coast and estuaries of the Netherlands in the late 17th century. Most were working craft but some pleasure yachts with schooner rigs were built for wealthy merchants and Dutch nobility. Following arrival of the Dutch-born prince William III the Orange on the British throne, the British Royal Navy built a Royal yacht with a schooner rig in 1695, HMS "Royal Transport". This vessel, captured in a detailed Admiralty model, is the earliest fully documented schooner. "Royal Transport" was quickly noted for its speed and ease of handling and mercantile vessels soon adopted the rig in Europe and in European colonies in North America. Schooners were immediately popular with colonial traders and fishermen in North America with the first documented reference to a schooner in America appearing in Boston port records in 1716. North American shipbuilders quickly developed a variety of schooner forms for trading, fishing and privateering. According to the language scholar Walter William Skeat, the term "schooner" comes from "scoon", while the "sch" spelling comes from the later adoption of the Dutch spelling ("schoener"). Another study suggests that a Dutch expression praising ornate schooner yachts in the 17th century, "een schoone Schip", may have led to the term "schooner" being used by English speakers to describe the early versions of the schooner rig as it evolved in England and America.
An earlier schooner named "Carrier Dove" was built in 1854 at Wolfe Island, Ontario. She sunk on the American side of Lake Ontario March 3, 1876, when the boat was "swept from her moorings and dragged underneath another schooner."