Instruct: Given a question, retrieve documents that answer the question.
Query: What year were cellphones invented?
A cellular telephone switching plan was described by Fluhr and Nussbaum in 1973,[20] and a cellular telephone data signaling system was described in 1977 by Hachenburg et al.[21]
Liberty Science Center and Google designed an interactive exhibit based on the Rubik's Cube. It opened at LSC in Jersey City, NJ, in April 2014 in celebration of the 40th anniversary of the Cube's invention before traveling internationally for 7 years. Exhibition elements include a 35-foot-tall rooftop cube made of lights that people can manipulate with their cellphones, a $2.5 million cube made of diamonds, a giant walk-in cube displaying the inner workings of the puzzle, and cube-solving robots.
In 2018, the world's oldest brewery was found, with residue of 13,000-year-old beer, in a prehistoric cave near Haifa in Israel when researchers were looking for clues into what plant foods the Natufian people were eating. This is 8000 years earlier then experts had previously thought beer was invented.
Madeline Pynch is a rich woman who is the mother of Priscilla Pynch, works at an as-yet-unnamed company, and is good friends with Mayor Luskey. In "Spellbound", she planted golden cellphones around town which mesmerized people to help in her company's plot to get to the gold that is underneath Blossom Vale, in which they were passed down to everyone (including the Rescue Bots) but Cody. Her plan to mine the vale went into operation and managed to reap some reward before the cellphone controlling Boulder falls off and he helps Cody take down the cell tower, breaking the hypnotic hold over the town's residents. When Priscilla later told her mother that she found a cellphone under the seat of the limo that they are in, her mother said it was a model that was being recalled while reflecting that the cellphones put out would have to be much stronger.
Cellphone spying software is a type of cellphone bugging, tracking, and monitoring software that is surreptitiously installed on mobile phones. This software can enable conversations to be heard and recorded from phones upon which it is installed. Cellphone spying software can be downloaded onto cellphones. Cellphone spying software enables the monitoring or stalking of a target cellphone from a remote location with some of the following techniques:
What is the measure of a true superhero? This is the question that our young protagonist will try to answer in Super Inggo 1.5. Budong and his family have now transferred to the town of San Roque after fleeing their old town Sto. Nino, which was attacked by giant monsters. He will meet Lola Facunda, the mother of Pacita & Super Inday; as well as new friends such as Bokia, the talking cellphone (a play on the cellphone brand, Nokia ) ; and Chin-Chin Tsinelas, Budong's crush.
In 2010, an estimated 1500 pedestrians were injured in the US while using a cellphone and some jurisdictions have attempted to ban pedestrians from using their cellphones.
One year later May is chased by debt collectors for a loan she got for her con-artist boyfriend Wong Tai-lung. When the police calls her to collect her handbag that was previously in Gin's possession, she desperately uses the counterfeit cellphone that killed Gin to try to call authorities when the debt collectors trap her. Upon opening and recharging the counterfeit cellphone Gin's spirit comes alive. May unnoticeably brings home the counterfeit cellphone knowing that she had seen Gin's ghost. She slowly figures out that the counterfeit cellphone is somehow connected to Gin's spirit coming alive. May's curiosity gets the better of her and she decides to recharge the counterfeit cellphone again just to see if Gin will come out again. After May finds out that she is the only one that can see or hear Gin and that Gin cannot venture far away from the counterfeit cellphone, Gin uses May's responsibility for her death to have her take her to GSZ Architects Limited's office because she wants to see Michael. Upset by the new supposed women in Michael's life and after seeing Michael's heartfelt message to her, Gin uses May to communicate with Michael and her loved ones.
Randice-Lisa "Randi" Altschul (born 1960) is an American toy inventor based in Cliffside Park, New york
. She is an inventor of the first disposable cellphone. She began inventing in 1985 and by age 26 became a millionaire. She has granted more than 200 licenses of ideas for games and toys.
Aquapac is a registered trademark and brand name of a UK-based manufacturing company, Aquapac International Limited, specializing in waterproof cases and bags. The privately owned company was formed in 1983 and holds patents worldwide on systems for sealing bags and cases. The range commenced with a waterproof case for the original Sony Walkman known as the ‘Aquaman’, followed by cases for handheld VHF radios. Following Motorola’s invention of the first cellphone Aquapac launched the world’s first waterproof cellphone case. Nokia was an important customer for these cases during the 1990s, as were cellphone operators such as Deutsche Telekom and NTT DoCoMo. Aquapac went on to launch waterproof cases for other handheld electronics such as cameras and eReaders. The company operates out of factories in London, England.
Between tour legs Nine Inch Nails gave a performance as part of the "Year Zero" game. A small group of fans received fictional in-game telephone-calls that invited them to a "resistance meeting" in a Los Angeles parking lot. Those who arrived were given "resistance kits", some of which contained cellphones that would later inform the participants of further details. After receiving instructions from the cellphones, fans who attended a fictional Art is Resistance meeting in Los Angeles were rewarded with an unannounced performance by Nine Inch Nails. The concert was cut short as the meeting was raided by a fictional SWAT team and the audience was rushed out of the building.
Until the smartphones of the 2010s, the goal of what an AT&T study called "an intelligent cellphone" was still pending.
The early 1990s saw a noticeable change in Pekarsky's style. Gil Einstein noted in 1995 that "the fine detail of the work of the 1980's has disappeared and been replaced by an expressionism which partially reflects the artist's earlier work. Where methodology was the invention before, imagery is the invention now. Having shown us for many years what he saw, Pekarsky is now beginning to show us what he thinks."
The issue of non-obviousness reached the U.S. Supreme Court again in 1851 in "Hotchkiss v. Greenwood". The question was whether a substitution of known door knob materials such as metal or wood for a new material—porcelain—deserved a patent. The court concluded that "the improvement is the work of a skillful mechanic, not that of the inventor" and invalidated the patent. Such approach foresees the line of thought which was later formulated as the PHOSITA (person having ordinary skill in the art) approach to the analysis of inventiveness. Despite beginning to develop the PHOSITA approach, the Court did not give practical means to determine what how much inventiveness deserves a patent. It is worth noting here that Eaton and Hotchkiss, respectively, illustrate the heretofore existing trend to state the appropriate inventiveness by defining both what is obvious (lacks an inventive step / discovery) and what is non-obvious (has an inventive step / discovery).
Although Evans had always suffered from bouts of depression, and bitterness towards those he felt did not appreciate his inventions, such sentiments seemed to peak in his later years. During one of his many legal battles in 1809, comments from the presiding judge sent Evans into a particular fury in which he dramatically incinerated many schematics and papers regarding his inventions, both prior and future. Evans declared at the time that inventing had led only to heartache, disappointment and under-appreciation; and committed himself to business and material acquisition for the sake of his family. Ultimately what was burned represents only a small proportion of what survives from Evans, and he did continue his interest in inventing, but the tone of Evans's later life was undoubtedly one of hostility and disappointment.
In 2018, the world's oldest brewery was found, with residue of 13,000-year-old beer, in a prehistoric cave near Haifa in Israel when researchers were looking for clues into what plant foods the Natufian people were eating. This is 8000 years earlier then experts had previously thought beer was invented.
The 1995 split was intended as a long-term solution. However, within two years both 404 and 770 were close to exhaustion due to Atlanta's explosive growth and the proliferation of cellphones and pagers. On January 1, 1998, area code 678 was introduced as an overlay area code for 404 and 770. Since then, ten-digit dialing has been mandatory throughout metro Atlanta. Because the Federal Communications Commission would not allow an area code to apply only to cellphones, mobile customers throughout the metro area were given the option of choosing numbers in the 404, 770 and 678 area codes when signing up for service. 
"Cellphone's Dead" was first performed on stage in early 2005, when its title instead was "Knock Out." The main rap verses were still in the song, although the chorus was different.
In 2009, Ira Hyman conducted one of his most widely cited studies along with S. Matthew Boss, Breanne M. Wise, Kira E. McKenzie and Jenna M. Coggiano. The article was called "Did you see the Unicycling Clown? Inattentional Blindness while Walking and Talking on a Cell Phone." The researchers had a clown unicycle around a plaza on a college campus, and observed the students walking through the plaza. They interviewed students after they had been exposed to the clown, and found that only a quarter of those using a cell phone saw the clown. They compared this to three other groups: those walking alone, those listening to music, and those walking in a pair or group. They found that it wasn't the use of an electronic device that impaired the students attention, because more than twice as many students saw the clown while listening to music, than while on the phone. They concluded that it is using a cellphone, and having to divide attention between the conversation and the surroundings, what makes people less likely to notice the clown. They observed that many of the students using their cells walked slower, changed directions more often and weaved more than other students. They also noted that individuals walking in pairs were more likely to notice the clown, simply because they could also rely on their companion to pay attention, and that it is unlikely that the conversation itself was the reason why the cellphones users were less attentive to their surroundings. This research offers an important finding in what dictates our attention, and shows just how unaware of many things around us we are at any given time. It also shows the dangers of cellphone distraction, that can be applied to areas other than just walking, such as working machinery or attempting to drive while talking on a cellphone. A recreation of this study was featured on the CBC Documentary "Are We Digital Dummies" and on News10 in Sacramento, California.
WWI invention and innovations included the variable-pitch propeller, developed by Wallace Rupert Turnbull, the gas mask, invented by Dr. Cluny MacPherson of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, the "Nissen Hut", invented by Peter Norman Nissen in 1916, the Curtiss Canada bomber and the ill-starred Ross rifle. Attempts were made to convert the latter to what became known as the Huot automatic rifle, but the war ended before it could be introduced.
The year 1876 saw Alexander Graham Bell invent the telephone. Bell (a Scot by birth) had a family home in Canada at the time, but conducted much of his work in a rented laboratory in Boston. Experiments in trans-oceanic wireless communication were being conducted by Guglielmo Marconi in Newfoundland and Cape Breton. In the US, Canadian Reginald Fessenden conducted investigations into what is now called FM broadcasting. Canadian Frederick Creed invented the teleprinter in 1902.
The CIA agents were implicated, in part, by extensive cellphone records which allowed Milan police to reconstruct their movements for the nine days they were in the city. Because the agents had apparently not, at any time, removed the batteries from their cellphones, investigators were able to pinpoint their locations from moment to moment. The agents also made numerous phone calls to the US consulate in Milan, to northern Virginia (where the CIA headquarters are located) and to friends and family in the United States.
In Ukraine inmates in correctional facilities have recently formally been allowed to use the Internet connection and to use cellphones without any restrictions. The law has allowed prisoners using cellphone connections, but the recently changed State Penitentiary Service Head S.Starenkiy "de facto" rewrote the law with a regulation that inmates are not allowed to use cellphones if there are traditional phones available in the prison. The law hasn't specified the right to possess electronic devices, which has become a cornerstone of the argument for banning the access by the administrative bureaucracy. 
Likewise, the Internet access is only allowed in places defined by the prison administration and under its control. No social networks, e-mail services, porn sites, or other banned services may be consulted.
Consequently, unrestricted access on the law level has been diminished by the administrative regulation. Ukrainian human rights activists blamed such a step regarding status quo of existing cellphones brought illegally by prisons staff to inmates who pay for this service. Indeed, corruption issues were supposed to be addressed by the law adopted in order to abolish a rule prohibiting cellphones and the Internet access that anyway has not worked due to the disobedience by both prisoners and the penitentiary staff.
Usage of prepaid cellphone service is common in most parts of the world. Around 70% of customers in Western Europe and China use prepaid phones with the figure rising to over 90% for customers in India and Africa. 23% of cellphone users in the United States Of America were using prepaid service as of 2011, a share that's expected to rise to 29% by 2016. Prepaid SIM cards are also becoming a variation of the traditional prepaid cellphone plans. Rather than needing to purchase an entirely new phone, existing phones can be used by simply replacing the SIM card within the device.
Athenaeus described what may be considered the first patents (i.e. exclusive right granted by a government to an inventor to practice his/her invention in exchange for disclosure of the invention). He mentions that in 500 BC, in the Greek city of Sybaris (located in what is now southern Italy), there were annual culinary competitions. The victor was given the exclusive right to prepare his dish for one year.