Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that can help answer the question.
Query: Who builds ships for the US Navy?
HII is the sole designer, builder, and refueler of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers in the United States. It is one of two nuclear-powered submarine builders (the other being General Dynamics Electric Boat). 70% of the current, active U.S. Navy surface fleet has been built by HII's former units.[7]
The US Navy quickly decommissioned 23 "Tacoma"-class ships after the end of World War II, after only very brief US Navy careers, and sold them for scrap in 1947 and 1948, although one, the former , was saved from the scrapyard to become a Brazilian merchant ship. The 27 ships the Soviet Union returned in 1949 went into the US Navys Pacific Reserve Fleet in Japan; 13 of them were recommissioned for US Navy service in the Korean War, but all 27 soon were transferred to the navies of other countries. The other 25 "Tacoma"-class ships never returned to service in the US Navy and also were transferred to foreign countries. In the post-World War II era, "Tacoma"-class patrol frigates operated in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, the Republic of Korea Navy, and the Argentine, Belgian, Colombian, Cuban, Dominican, Ecuadorian, French, Mexican, Royal Netherlands, Peruvian, and Royal Thai navies, and one ship operated as a civilian weather ship for the government of the Netherlands. In foreign navies, many "Tacoma"-class ships survived into the 1960s and 1970s, and the last operator of "Tacoma"-class patrol frigates, Thailand, did not retire its two ships until 2000.
In 2002, the U.S. Navy initiated a program to develop the first of a fleet of littoral combat ships. The Navy initially ordered two trimaran hulled ships from General Dynamics, which became known as the "Independence"-class littoral combat ships after the first ship of the class, USS "Independence". Even-numbered U.S. Navy littoral combat ships are built using the "Independence"-class trimaran design, while odd-numbered ships are based on a competing design, the conventional monohull . The initial order of littoral combat ships involved a total of four ships, including two of the "Independence"-class design. On 29 December 2010, the Navy announced that it was awarding Austal USA a contract to build ten additional "Independence"-class littoral combat ships.
Continuing from the 1950s, the ROK Navy continued to build naval surface forces mainly with ships transferred from the US Navy.
The significance of the 74s however is hard to overstate, as a summary of the ships of the line for all nations that were in commission at any time during the Revolutionary/Napoleonic Wars period.The Royal Navy captured a number of the early French 74-gun ships during the War of the Austrian Succession (for example, , captured at the first battle of Cape Finisterre in 1747) and the Seven Years' War and was greatly impressed by them compared to its own smallish 70-gun ships. As a result, it started building them in great numbers from about 1760, as did most other navies. Navies that were restricted by shallow waters, such as the Dutch and Scandinavian navies, at least early on tended to avoid the 74-gun ship to a certain degree due to its size and draught, preferring smaller two-deckers instead. Even so, the seventy-four was a standard feature in all European navies around 1800. Only a handful of 74-gun ships were commissioned into the United States Navy; the US Navy's early sea power concentrated on its frigates.
For the VC commandos of the 65th Special Operations Group, the explosion on "Card" signalled a successful mission. By sunrise, "Card" had settled into the river with its engine compartment completely flooded. Five American civilians who worked on the ship died as a result of the attack. Due to rapid response from the ship's crew and local authorities, flooding inside the ship was quickly stopped and it was stabilized. An inspection revealed that the explosion had torn a hole long and high, on the starboard side of the ship. In the days that followed, five US Navy divers were deployed to Saigon from the Philippines, in addition to several salvage teams from US bases in Japan and the Military Sea Transport Service Command. Amongst the divers was founding US Navy Seals member Roy Boehm, who claimed to have recovered the remains of a Hagerson Demolition Pack, a specialised explosive charge used by US navy frogmen. Bohem speculated that the explosives used in the attack had been stolen from his own South Vietnamese Navy unit by a group of deserters who had been mistreated by a South Vietnamese officer.
In 1942, the success of German submarines against Allied shipping and the shortage of escorts with which to protect Allied sea lines of communication convinced US President Franklin D. Roosevelt of a need to engage mercantile shipbuilders in the construction of warships for escort duty. The United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM), which oversaw the wartime merchant shipbuilding program, proposed to meet this requirement by building a version of the British River-class frigate, a Royal Navy ship type based on a mercantile design in British shipyards experienced in building commercial ships. Two River-class ships under construction in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, as (for the Royal Navy) and (for the Royal Canadian Navy), were transferred to the US Navy in 1942, prior to completion, as prototypes for the "Tacoma" class and became the and , respectively.
After the U.S. won the Spanish–American War of 1898, President Theodore Roosevelt, a former assistant secretary of the Navy, built up Navy presence. As such he arranged to build sixteen ships for a "goodwill tour" of the world. The main ship, the , was laid down at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1903 and launched in 1904; she was also the flagship vessel of the "Connecticut"-class battleships. To accommodate the construction of the "Connecticut", Building Way 1 was rebuilt in 1903. Another shipway, Building Way 2, was built in 1917, at the same time that Building Way 1 was enlarged. Building Ways 1 and 2 were collectively referred to as the Connecticut building ways. The shipways were used to launch dreadnoughts, large battleships with heavy guns. One such vessel was the , the lead ship of the "Florida"-class battleships, which was launched in 1910. Other lead battleships launched from the Connecticut building ways include the in 1912, the in 1915, the in 1917, and the in 1919. By this time, all vessels at Brooklyn Navy Yard were constructed outdoors, rather than inside shipbuilding houses, as it was easier for overhead cranes.
In February 1921, at the urging of Mitchell, who was anxious to test his theories of destruction of ships by aerial bombing, Secretary of War Newton Baker and Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels agreed to a series of joint Army-Navy exercises, known as Project B, to be held that summer in which surplus or captured ships could be used as targets.
Mitchell was concerned that the building of dreadnoughts was taking precious defense dollars away from military aviation. He was convinced that a force of anti-shipping airplanes could defend a coastline with more economy than a combination of coastal guns and naval vessels. A thousand bombers could be built at the same cost as one battleship, and could sink that battleship. Mitchell infuriated the Navy by claiming he could sink ships "under war conditions", and boasted he could prove it if he were permitted to bomb captured German battleships.
On 6 September 2014, PNS "Zulfiquar" was attacked by al-Qaeda-affiliated militants and rogue Pakistani Navy personnel who attempted to capture the ship and had plans to use it to attack US Navy vessels. The attack was foiled by Pakistani forces. The attackers had intended to use "Zulfiquar"s anti-ship missiles to attack the U.S. Navy Fleet in the Arabian Sea. Ten militants which included four rogue ex-Pakistani navy personnel were killed by Pakistani forces in their efforts to foil the capture attempt. Four other officers who were involved but who did not participate in the attack were later apprehended.
In 1665 Samuel Pepys, who was Clerk of the Acts of the Navy Board, recorded visiting Sheerness to measure out the site for the new dockyard. The situation was overtaken, however, by the escalating Anglo-Dutch conflict: in order to make the ships in The Nore battle-ready, temporary buildings were hastily erected. Work continued, but in 1667 the still-incomplete dockyard was easily captured, together with the adjacent fort, by the Dutch Navy and used as the base for a daring but humiliating raid on the English ships at anchor in the Medway. Both fort and dockyard were left in flames, along with a significant number of the ships moored in the river.
James I was responsible for developing the shipping interests of the country, establishing a shipbuilding yard at Leith. His successor, James II, developed the use of gunpowder and artillery in Scotland and, in consequence, ships were built with hulls thick enough to resist artillery, and with high forecastles to carry guns. The pioneer in Scotland's newer type of warship was Bishop Kennedy of St. Andrews who was responsible for the building of the St Salvator, which cost £10,000. James IV continued the policy of building up the navy, having 38 ships built for his fleet and founding two new dockyards. His greatest achievement was the construction of "Great Michael", the largest ship up to that time launched in Scotland, the building of which cost £30,000.
From 1984 to 2015, the decommissioned destroyer was a museum ship at the Washington Navy Yard as "Display Ship "Barry"" (DS "Barry"). "Barry" was frequently used for change of command ceremonies for naval commands in the area. Due to declining visitors to the ship, the expensive renovations she required, and the District's plans to build a new bridge that would trap her in the Anacostia River, "Barry" was towed away during the winter of 2015-2016 for scrapping. The U.S. Navy held an official departure ceremony for the ship on 17 October 2015.
After the Civil War, the timber sheds were used for timber storage, though the number of wooden ships built at the Navy Yard steadily decreased. During the late 19th century, Admiral's Row, a grouping of residences that formerly housed Navy Yard officers, was built around the timber sheds. As part of a Works Progress Administration renovation, part of Building 15 was demolished in 1937. In the 1940s, Building 16 was used as a police station as well as a lumber storage building, and in the 1950s and 1960s, it was also used as a garage. A 1963 renovation to Building 16 demolished part of the building, and the remainder was converted into a private ice rink for police officers. The rest of Building 15 was demolished probably after 1979, and Building 16 was abandoned around this time.
Henry J. Kaiser's had the Pacific Bridge Company join as one of Kaiser's "Group of Six" construction companies that help build the Hoover Dam, due to Pacific Bridge's expertise. Pacific Bridge also brought its capital into the large project The ship building yard was on the Oakland Alameda estuary. Some residential homes near Clement Avenue and Chestnut Street were purchased and taken down or moved to be part of the Emergency Shipbuilding Program. The Pacific Bridge Company was a contractor to the US Navy to build the ships. The ship yard was to the West of the General Engineering & Dry Dock Company. The land for the ship yard was purchased by the Navy from 24 March to 7 July of 1942. The Pacific Bridge Company Oakland Alameda yard discontinued shipbuilding after World War 2, continued manufacturing until 1969. In 1969 the yard was sold for redevelopment and today is the Alameda Marina, just west of the Naval Air Station Alameda station. Alameda Marina also has a commercial shipyard, ship maintenance facilities, industrial space, storage, and office buildings. Part of the shipyard became the Naval and Marine Corps Reserve Center in 1949. The Site had several training buildings that provided training on ship systems. 
On January 21, 2016 demolition started of the Pacific Bridge Company workshop building on Clement Ave. The land will be used for a new condominium complex. 
The 5"/38 cal gun was mounted on a very large number of US Navy ships in the World War II era. It was backfitted to many of the World War I-era battleships during their wartime refits, usually replacing 5"/25 guns that were fitted in the 1930s. It has left active US Navy service, but it is still on mothballed ships of the United States Navy reserve fleets. It is also used by a number of nations who bought or were given US Navy surplus ships. Millions of rounds of ammunition were produced for these guns, with over 720,000 rounds still remaining in Navy storage depots in the mid-1980s because of the large number of Reserve Fleet ships with 5"/38 cal guns on board.
In the 1970s, through the Park Chung-hee Administration's ""Yulgok" Plan" (an eight-year national defense plan "to build up self-reliant, national defense capability"), the ROK Navy began to build a fleet of locally built ships with indigenous technology. The Navy acquired shipbuilding capabilities by planning and building patrol craft such as "Baekgu" class and "Chamsuri" class in the 1970s. The lead ship (FF 951) of the 2,000-ton "Ulsan"-class frigates was launched in 1980. The lead ship (PCC 751) of the 1,000-ton "Donghae"-class corvettes and the lead ship (PCC 756) of the 1,000-ton "Pohang"-class corvettes were launched in 1982 and in 1984 respectively. The ROK Navy continued to carry out other shipbuilding projects for midget submarines, minesweepers, logistic support ships, and amphibious warfare ships in the 1980s and 1990s.
Beginning in the 1990s the company won Navy contracts to build AOE-10 support ships, strategic sealift ships, and TOTE Orca-class trailerships. Additional Navy contracts awarded during the 2000s included maintenance of the San Diego-based USS "Ticonderoga" (CG-47) and USS "Spruance" (DD-963) warships. In 2001 the Navy awarded NASSCO its largest order in company history, to build the Lewis and Clark class dry cargo ship (T-AKE), a 14-ship program with a contract value of $3.7 billion. The company has a contract to build at least three Mobile Landing Platform ships, a new class of ship for the U.S. Navy. Construction on the first vessel began in July 2011 and the keel was laid for the second in December 2012. In 2016, Matson, Inc ordered two Kanaloa-class freighters, to be delivered near the end of the decade.
"Biter" was returned to the US Navy on 9 April 1945. She underwent a refit and was lent to the French Navy, where she was renamed Dixmude. The Flotille 3FB equipped with Douglas Dauntless dive bombers served on the ship between 1945 and 1949. On 24 January 1951 she was removed from the US Navy register and disarmed during her next refit between 1951–1953. She then became an accommodation ship until 1965, when she was returned to the US Navy, who sank her as a target ship on 10 June 1966.
The Type R ship is a United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) designation for World War II refrigerated cargo ship, also called a reefer ship. The R type ship was used in World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War and the Cold War. Type R ships were used to transport perishable commodities which require temperature-controlled transportation, such as fruit, meat, fish, vegetables, dairy products and other foods. The US Maritime Commission ordered 41 new refrigerated ships for the US Navy. Because of the difficulty of building refrigerated ships only two were delivered in 1944, and just 26 were delivered in 1945 and the remainder in 1946–48. The 41 R type ships were built in four groups. Two of design types were modified type C1 ships and two were modified type C2 ships. The United Fruit Company operated many of the R type ships in World War II. The type R2-S-BV1 became the US Navy Alstede"-class stores ship and the type R1-M-AV3 became the US Navy Adria"-class stores ship.
R2-S-BV1 "Alstede"-class stores ship, , built by Moore Dry Dock Company of Oakland, California in 1945. Used carrying frozen meat to Allied forces in World War II. Hull is close to C2-SU type ships. Displacement: 6,319 t.(lt), length: , beam: , draft: , speed: max., crew complement: 64, propulsion: cross-compound turbines, single propeller.
Hercules' name was also used for five ships of the US Navy, four ships of the Spanish Navy, four of the Argentine Navy and two of the Swedish Navy, as well as for numerous civilian sailing and steam ships - see links at Hercules (ship).
After the War of 1812 began in June 1812, Eckford offered his services to United States Secretary of the Navy Paul Hamilton in a letter of 8 July 1812. US Navy Commodore Isaac Chauncey was placed in command of all Navy forces in the Great Lakes region, and he had known Eckford since Chauncey had been master of John Jacob Astors Eckford-built ship "Beaver" in 1806–1807 and had supervised Eckford & Beebes construction of US Navy gunboats in 1808. Chauncey visited New York City in the first week of September 1812 to meet with Eckford and his fellow shipbuilders Christian Bergh and Adam and Noah Brown about the problem of building a fleet of warships on Lake Ontario. Eckford, with experience in building ships in both Kingstown and Oswego, was an obvious choice for building ships for Chauncey on the Great Lakes, and Adam and Noah Brown also agreed to head north to design and build Chaunceys fleet, while Bergh agreed to remain in New York City and oversee the transportation of men and materiel north to Lake Ontario.
The "Huszár" class was a class of destroyers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy before the First World War. They were built to a design by the British shipbuilder Yarrow Shipbuilders, who built the first ship, with a further 11 ships being built in Austrian and Hungarian yards between 1905 and 1909. A replacement ship was built when the lead ship was lost in an accident in 1908, and another ship of similar design building for the Chinese navy was seized on the outbreak of the First World War. Two ships were lost during the war, a single ship serving with the Greek Navy following the end of the war, and the remainder being scrapped.
On 12 July 2005, ROKS "Dokdo" (LPH 6111), the lead ship of her class, was launched at the shipyard of Hanjin Heavy Industries in Busan. The first air cushion landing craft of LSF-II (ROKS "Solgae 631") was delivered for ROKS "Dokdo" in April 2007. In October 2009, the ROK Navy revealed that it plans to commission a new 14,500-ton (full displacement 18,800 tons) LPX around 2018. The "Marado" (LPH 6112) was launched in May 2018.The ROK Navy is considering to build an uncertain number of amphibious assault ships capable of operating the F-35B.The ROKN plans to build and commission an uncertain number of minelayers similar to ROKS "Wonsan" (MLS 560). The lead ship, ROKS "Nampo" (MLS 570), was commissioned in 2017.The ROKN plans to build and commission an uncertain number of mine countermeasure ships similar to the "Yangyang" class. MSH phase 2 has been delayed.The ROK Navy plans to commission a new 4,500-ton training ship (ATX) for midshipmen and officer candidates. The "Hansando" (ATH 81) was launched on November 16, 2018. She was designed as a training ship, and casualty receiving and treatment ship (CRTS). The "Hansando" is expected to be commissioned in 2021The ROKN plans to commission an uncertain number of 12,000-ton fast combat support ships (AOE) to relieve the 9,000-ton "Cheonji"-class ships. The lead ship, ROKS "Soyang" (AOE 51), was commissioned in 2018.The ROK Navy plans to commission a new submarine rescue ship around 2022. Daewoo S&ME will build the ship.
In 1960 the Royal Netherlands Navy noted that it needed a replenishment ship, after chartering earlier that year the turbine tanker "Mijndrecht" (of the shipping company Phs. van Ommeren) for a trip around the world with several Dutch navy ships. The replenishment ship allowed the Royal Netherlands Navy to supply its ship during long trips to different locations in the world, as well as during lengthy exercises. For example, in the context of NATO, to check the readiness of allied navies and to see how good they complement each other. At the end of 1961 the official order was given by the Dutch navy to build a replenishment ship. The design was done in-house by the Royal Netherlands Navy itself, while the Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij (RDM) got the order of actually building the ship. On 17 July 1962 the navy announced that the ship would be called "Poolster", the same name as of the Government Navy, which was active when the Dutch East Indies was still a colony of the Netherlands. On 18 September 1962 the keel of "Poolster" was laid down at one of the docks of RDM. On 16 October 1963 at 4:30 pm the ship was launched. After "Poolster" was commissioned on 29 June 1964 extensive trial runs took place until the Dutch navy concluded in September 1964 that the ship had withstood the tests successfully. The first real supply at sea of "Poolster" happened on 14 October 1964, when "Poolster" supplied the HNLMS "Van Ewijck".