Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant passages that can help answer the question.
Query: Who invented Hangul?
Hangul was personally created and promulgated by the fourth king of the Joseon dynasty, Sejong the Great.[1][2] Sejong's scholarly institute, the Hall of Worthies, is often credited with the work, and at least one of its scholars was heavily involved in its creation, but it appears to have also been a personal project of Sejong.
Hangul has many versions, the latest of which is Hangul NEO for Windows, Hangul 2008 Linux for Linux, and Hangul 2014 for Mac.
Hunminjeongeum (lit. "The Correct/Proper Sounds for the Instruction of the People") is a document describing an entirely new and native script for the Korean language. The script was initially named after the publication, but later came to be known as hangul. It was created so that the common people illiterate in hanja could accurately and easily read and write the Korean language. It was announced in Volume 102 of the "Annals of King Sejong", and its formal supposed publication date, October 9, 1446, is now Hangul Day in South Korea. The Annals place its invention to the 25th year of Sejong's reign, corresponding to 1443–1444.
Cheugugi (Hangul: 측우기, Hanja: 測雨器) is the first well-known rain gauge invented and used by the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. It was invented and supplied to each provincial offices during the King Sejong the Great's reign. As of 2010, only one example of the Cheugugi remains, known as the Geumyeong Cheugugi (Hangul: 금영측우기, Hanja: 錦營測雨器), which literally means "Cheugugi installed on the provincial office's yard." It is designated as National Treasures #561 of Korea and was installed in provincial office of Gongju city, 1837 by King Yeongjo, the 21st king of Joseon. In addition, the official record of the rainfall by Cheugugi from King Jeongjo's reign to Emperor Gojong's reign is preserved.
The text is notable for being one of the earliest printed examples of Korea's native "hangul" characters. It was printed using moveable copper type called "gabinja", the first form of printed type created after the invention of the "hangul", and as such represents the oldest form of indigenous Korean written text.
Included with New Gulim in Old Hangul Support Pack is Gulim Old Hangul Jamo (굴림 옛한글 자모/GulRim YesHanGeul JaMo) font, which contains only Basic Latin, Hangul, and old Hangul glyphs found in New Gulim font. The old Hangul glyphs, and small form variants of Hangul glyphs that are in the PUA of New Gulim font are moved to CJK Unified Ideographs block. Only seven glyphs in the Hangul Syllables block of New Gulim are retained in their original code points in Gulim Old Hangul Jamo.
The Korean word for "homosexual" is "dongseongaeja" (, "same-sex lover"). A less politically correct term is "dongseongyeonaeja" (Hangul: 동성연애자; Hanja: 同性戀愛者). South Korean homosexuals, however, make frequent use of the term "ibanin" (Hangul: 이반인; Hanja: 異般人 also 二般人) which can be translated as "different type person", and is usually shortened to "iban" (Hangul: 이반; Hanja: 異般). The word is a direct play on the word "ilban-in" (Hangul: 일반인; Hanja: 一般人) meaning "normal person" or "ordinary person". In addition, English loanwords are used in South Korea to describe LGBTQ people. These words are simple transliterations of English words into hangul: lesbian is "lejeubieon" or "yeoseongae" (Hangul: 레즈비언 or 여성애; Hanja: 女性愛), gay is "gei" or "namseongae" (Hangul: 게이 or 남성애; Hanja: 男性愛), queer is "kuieo" (Hangul: 퀴어), transgender is "teuraenseujendeo" (Hangul: 트랜스젠더), and bisexual is "yangseongaeja" (Hangul: 양성애자; Hanja: 兩性愛者).
Hangul Day (also spelled as Hangeul Day) is a day that celebrates the creation of the Hunminjeongeum (Hangul, Korean alphabet), which was inscribed to the UNESCO Memory of the World Register in 1997. Hangul was created by Sejong the Great in 1443 and proclaimed in 1446. Before the creation of Hangul, people in Korea (known as Joseon at the time) primarily wrote using Classical Chinese alongside native phonetic writing systems that predate Hangul by hundreds of years, including idu, hyangchal, gugyeol, and gakpil. However, due to the fundamental differences between the Korean and Chinese languages, and the large number of characters needed to be learned, there was much difficulty in learning how to write using Chinese characters for the lower classes, who often didn't have the privilege of education. To assuage this problem, King Sejong created the unique alphabet known as Hangul to promote literacy among the common people. Hangul Day was founded in 1926 during the Japanese occupation by members of the Korean Language Society, whose goal was to preserve the Korean language during a time of rapid forced Japanization. Today, both South Korea and North Korea celebrate Hangul Day as a national holiday.Sources
It includes a total of 30 fruits, recording various kinds such as chestnuts and jujubes common in the Joseon Dynasty, and it informs the reader of their areas of production. Especially, it records 6 kinds of mandarins from Jeju: "geumgyul" (hangul: 금귤; hanja: 金橘), "gamgyul" (hangul: 감귤; hanja: 甘橘), "cheonggyul" (hangul: 청귤; hanja: 靑橘), "yugam" (hangul: 유감; hanja: 柚柑), "yuja" (hangul: 유자; hanja: 柚子), and "gamnyu" (hangul: 감류; hanja: 甘榴) (a type of persimmon).
The statue of King Sejong was dedicated on 9 October 2009, in a ceremony attended by attended by President Lee Myung-bak and other Korean government official, on a Hangul Day in celebration of the 563rd anniversary of the invention of the Korean alphabet by King Sejong, two months after the Gwanghwamun Plaza opening. The golden statue is 6.2 meters high (another source gives the statue height as 9.5 meters and yet another, 6.7 meters) and weights 20 tons. The king has one hand raised and another placed on a book. Sides of the statue display all of the hangul alphabet characters. In front of the statue there are small models of a celestial globe, a rain gauge, and a sundial, the invention of which is also traditionally attributed to King Sejong in Korea. While King Sejong is best remembered for his invention of hangul, he is also considered to have been involved in promotion of agriculture, literature, science and technology, as well as Confucian philosophy, in Korea. 
Korean people used to watch chicken fights (Hangul: 닭싸움), and learned how chickens fought; a game inspired by such was invented.
Ju Si-gyeong, the linguist who had coined the term Hangul to replace "Eonmun" or "Vulgar Script" in 1912, established the Korean Language Research Society (later renamed the Hangul Society), which further reformed orthography with "Standardized System of Hangul" in 1933. The principal change was to make the Korean alphabet as morphophonemically practical given the existing letters. A system for transliterating foreign orthographies was published in 1940.
It records "jeungbyeong" (hangul: 증병; hanja: 蒸餠), "wolbyeong" (hangul: 월병; hanja: 月餠), "sambyeong" (hangul: 삼병; hanja: 蔘餠), "songoyumil" (hangul: 송고유밀, 송기떡; hanja: 松膏油蜜), "'jabyeong" (hangul: 자병, 전병; hanja: 煮餠), and so on in the section of Seoeul (Not Seoul).
Modern Korean is written almost exclusively in the script of the Korean alphabet (known as Hangul in South Korea and Chosungul in China and North Korea), which was invented in the 15th century. Korean is sometimes written with the addition of some Chinese characters called Hanja; however, this is only occasionally seen nowadays. While Hangul may appear logographic, it is actually a phonemic alphabet organised into syllabic blocks. Each block consists of at least two of the 24 hangul letters ("jamo"): at least one each of the 14 consonants and 10 vowels. Historically, the alphabet had several additional letters (see obsolete jamo). For a phonological description of the letters, see Korean phonology.
The Korean Alphabet Day, known as Hangeul Day (한글날) in South Korea, and Chosŏn'gŭl Day in North Korea, is a national Korean commemorative day marking the invention and the proclamation of Hangul (한글; 조선글), the alphabet of the Korean language, by the 15th-century Korean monarch Sejong the Great. It is observed on October 9 in South Korea and on January 15 in North Korea. In 2013, Hangul Day became a national holiday in South Korea.
The Korean alphabet hangul was also invented during this time by King Sejong the Great.
In Korea, glutinous rice is called "chapssal" (Hangul: 찹쌀), and its characteristic stickiness is called "chalgi" (Hangul: 찰기). Cooked rice made of glutinous rice is called "chalbap" (Hangul: 찰밥) and rice cakes (Hangul: 떡, ddeok) are called "chalddeok" or "chapssalddeok" (Hangul: 찰떡, 찹쌀떡). "Chalbap" is used as stuffing in "samgyetang" (Hangul: 삼계탕).
Since his inventions greatly contributed to his country, he was able to be promoted and participate in politics. However he was already old when he obtained the gunpowder recipe from the merchant, and his later days saw the change of Dynasty from Goryeo to Joseon. Soon after the foundation of the new Joseon Dynasty, Choe retired from both military and political affairs, and died in 1395. After his death, King Taejo gave him the honorary title of vice-premier. He is still remembered in Korea as the perfect role model for many scientists and as a patriot.Some of his inventions were: "daejanggunpo" (Hangul: 대장군포), "ijanggunpo" (Hangul: 이장군포), "samjanggunpo" (Hangul: 삼장군포), "yukhwa" (Hangul: 육화; Hanja: 六花), "seokpo" (석포; 石砲), "sinpo" (신포; 信砲), "hwajeon" (화전; 火箭; “Fire-arrow”), "hwapo" (화포; 火砲), "hwatong" (화통; 火㷁; “Fire-tube”), a possible forerunner of the hwacha, "juhwa" (주화; 走火; "Running fire"), which was the forerunner of the singijeon, and "cheollyeongjeon" (철령전; 鐵翎箭; literally “Iron-finned arrow”).
Born in 1687, on the twenty-ninth day of the ninth month in the thirteenth year of the reign of King Sukjong, the future Queen Inwon was the second daughter of Kim Joo-shin (Hangul: 김주신, Hanja: 金柱臣) and Lady Jo of the Imcheon Jo clan (Hangul: 임천 조씨, Hanja: 林川 趙氏). She had two brothers, Kim Huyeon (Hangul: 김후연, Hanja: 金後衍) and Kim Guyeon (Hangul: 김구연, Hanja: 金九衍), one older sister who married Mayor Lee Deoklin (Hangul: 시장이덕린, Hanja: 郡守李德隣), and one younger sister who married Yun Myeon-gyo (Hangul: 윤면교, Hanja: 尹勉教).
The book is noted as a principal force—along with the introduction of Buddhism into Korea—behind the introduction of Chinese characters into the Korean language. Hanja was the sole means of writing Korean until the Hangul script was created under the direction of King Sejong the Great in the 15th century; however, even after the invention of Hangul, most Korean scholars continued to write in Hanja until the late 20th century.
Kuryan -the Arabic script used for writing Korean language (Hangul) has invented by Korean Muslim in 2000s
The primary written language of Sungkyunkwan was hanja. Although hangul was invented in 1443, it did not become the primary language of study because the literary elite believed that the difficult hanja was more sophisticated. Hangul was invented to solve the widespread illiteracy of the common people at the time, but it was considered a threat by many in the upper class to their status as literary scholars, leading them to resist its implementation. As a result, hanja remained the written language used at Sungkyunkwan requiring anyone who wished to rise to the top levels of the government to be capable of reading and writing the characters.
"Jogwa" (hangul: 조과; hanja: 造果) is a word meaning all Korean traditional snack foods. People usually refer to them as "hangwa" to distinguish them from western-style cakes. People make "yumilgwa" (hangul: 유밀과, 유과; hanja: 油蜜果, 油菓) for memorial services, feasts and treating guests. They are divided into "yakgwa" (hangul: 약과; hanja: 藥果), "daegye" (hangul: 대계; hanja: 大桂), "jungbaeggi" (hangul: 중배끼; hanja: 中桂果), "hongsanja" (hangul: 홍산자; hanja: 紅癎子), "baeksanja" (hangul: 백산자; hanja: 白癎子), frozen desserts (hangul: 빙과; hanja: 氷果), "gwagwa" (hangul: 과과; hanja: 瓜果), "bongjeopgwa" (hangul: 봉접과; hanja: 蜂蝶果), "mandu-gwa" (hangul: 만두과; hanja: 饅頭果), and so on.
In Korea, the marking of traditional milestones in life is known as The Four Ceremonial Occasions, or Gwanhonsangje (Hangul: 관혼상제). The four rites of passage celebrated in this tradition are the coming of age (Gwallye; Hangul: 관례), marriage (Hollye; Hangul: 혼례), death, or the funeral rites (Sangrye; Hangul: 상례), and rites venerating the ancestors (Jerye; Hangul: 제례). The word "Gwanhonsangje" (Hangul: 관혼상제) is a generic term made up of the first letter of each word ("gwallye", "hollye", "sangrye", "jerye").
Hangul saves documents in HWP format, with the filename extension *.hwp. HWP files, up to the versions created with Hangul '97, can be opened with OpenOffice.org. However, files created with later editions of Hangul, including Hangul Wordian, Hangul 2002, Hangul 2005, and Hangul 2007 cannot be opened with OpenOffice.org, due to major changes in the document structure. However, users can save files in MS office formats, such as doc, xocx, ppt, pptx, xls, and xlsx. One can also directly save a file into PDF with Hancom Office 2010 and up. In addition, Hancom Office 2010 SE supports standard ODF files and can convert to the PDF file format.