Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that can help answer the question.
Query: Who created Doom video game?
Doom (typeset as DOOM in official documents and stylized as DooM in other media)[1] is a 1993 first-person shooter (FPS) video game by id Software. It is considered one of the most significant and influential titles in video game history, for having helped to pioneer the now-ubiquitous first-person shooter. The original game was divided into three nine-level episodes and was distributed via shareware and mail order. The Ultimate Doom, an updated release of the original game featuring a fourth episode, was released in 1995 and sold at retail.
In 2012, Time named it one of the 100 greatest video games of all time as "it established the look and feel of later shooters as surely as Xerox PARC established the rules of the virtual desktop," adding that "its impact also owes a lot to the gonzo horror sensibility of its designers, including John Romero, who showed a bracing lack of restraint in their deployment of gore and Satanic iconography."[72] Including Doom on the list of the greatest games of all time, GameSpot wrote that "despite its numerous appearances in other formats and on other media, longtime fans will forever remember the original 1993 release of Doom as the beginning of a true revolution in action gaming."[73]
Doom: The Boardgame is an adventure board game for two to four players (two to five in the 2016 edition) designed by Kevin Wilson and published by Fantasy Flight Games in 2004. The game is a based on the "Doom" series of first-person shooter computer games, though it resembles "Doom 3" more than it does the first two "Doom" video games.
The Doom game engine was licensed by id Software to several other companies, who released their own games using the technology, including Heretic, Hexen: Beyond Heretic, Strife: Quest for the Sigil, and Hacx: Twitch 'n Kill. A Doom-based game called Chex Quest was released in 1996 by Ralston Foods as a promotion to increase cereal sales,[103] and the United States Marine Corps released Marine Doom.
id Tech 4, popularly known as the "Doom 3" engine, is a game engine developed by id Software and first used in the video game "Doom 3". The engine was designed by John Carmack. Carmack also created previous game engines, such as those for "Doom" and "Quake", which are widely recognized as significant advances in the field. This OpenGL-based game engine has also been used in "Quake 4", "Prey", "", "Wolfenstein", and "Brink".
The game was created by programmer Kornel Kisielewicz with Free Pascal, and uses art by Derek Yu. The developers based DRL in the popular first-person shooters "Doom" and "Doom II" universe.
Since approximately 2002 in-development with first beta versions, the latest stable release is from 2013.
In 2016, John Romero created and published two new Doom levels - E1M4b ("Phobo's Mission Control") and E1M8b ("Tech Gone Bad").[107][108]
On March 12, 2007, The New York Times reported that Doom was named to a list of the ten most important video games of all time, the so called game canon.[88] The Library of Congress took up this video game preservation proposal and began with the games from this list.[69][89]
Chex Quest is a non-violent first-person shooter video game created in 1996 by Digital Café as a Chex cereal promotion aimed at children aged 6–9 and up. It is a total conversion of the more violent video game "Doom" (specifically "The Ultimate Doom" version of the game). "Chex Quest" won both the Golden EFFIE Award for Advertising Effectiveness in 1996 and the Golden Reggie Award for Promotional Achievement in 1998, and it is known today for having been the first video game ever to be included in cereal boxes as a prize. The game's cult following has been remarked upon by the press as being composed of unusually devoted fans of this advertising vehicle from a bygone age.
Doom has appeared in several forms in addition to video games, including a Doom comic book, four novels by Dafydd Ab Hugh and Brad Linaweaver (loosely based on events and locations in the games), a Doom board game and a live-action film starring Karl Urban and The Rock released in 2005. The game's development and impact on popular culture is also the subject of the book Masters of Doom by David Kushner.
In 2009, GameTrailers ranked Doom as number one "breakthrough PC game".[70] That year Game Informer put Doom sixth on the magazine's list of the games of all time, stating that it gave "the genre the kick start it needed to rule the gaming landscape two decades later."[71] Game Informer staff also put it sixth on their 2001 list of the 100 best games ever.[90] IGN included Doom at 2nd place in the Top 100 Video Game Shooters of all Time, just behind Half-Life, citing the game's "feel of running and gunning", memorable weapons and enemies, pure and simple fun and its spreading on nearly every gaming platform in existence.[68]
The development of "Doom", a first-person shooter video game by id Software, began in November 1992 and continued until the game was released in December 1993. Seven people worked on "Doom", which is considered one of the most significant and influential titles in video game history. The initial development team was programmers John Carmack and John Romero, artists Adrian Carmack and Kevin Cloud, and designer Tom Hall; late in development Hall was replaced by Sandy Petersen and programmer Dave Taylor was added to the team. The music and sound effects were created by Bobby Prince.
Completing all ten endings unlocks the game's true ending in which Black Doom uses Chaos Control, enhanced by the power of all seven Chaos Emeralds, to bring the Black Comet to the Earth's surface. Black Doom explains that the Black Arms intend to use humans as an energy source, and the Black Comet begins to release a nerve gas into the Earth's atmosphere that causes total paralysis in those who inhale it. Shadow confronts Black Doom after the "Last Way" level, where he discovers that Professor Gerald Robotnik created the ARK's Eclipse Cannon weapon to destroy the Black Comet. During their confrontation, Black Doom reveals that Shadow was created using Black Doom's blood, and he attempts to use mind control on Shadow, but fails. Black Doom then transforms into a giant called Devil Doom; in response, Shadow uses the Chaos Emeralds to transform into Super Shadow and confronts Devil Doom. During the battle, Doctor Eggman confirms to Shadow that he is the original and not an android. Shadow defeats Devil Doom and uses Chaos Control to teleport the Black Comet back into Earth's orbit, where he obliterates it using the Eclipse Cannon. His friends are elated, as are people at G.U.N. headquarters. Shadow is then shown in the ARK's control room holding up a photograph of Maria and Gerald. He discards the photograph and leaves the room, deciding to put the past behind him and move on.
SpongeBob SquarePants featuring Nicktoons: Globs of Doom (commonly shortened to simply Nicktoons: Globs of Doom) is a 2008 video game, sequel to "", the fourth and final installment in the "Nicktoons Unite!" series. Characters from "SpongeBob SquarePants", "Danny Phantom", "", "Tak and the Power of Juju", and "Invader Zim" appear. This is the only "Nicktoons Unite!" game to not feature characters from "The Fairly OddParents". The original developers of the previous games for consoles, Blue Tongue Entertainment, did not return to create this installment.
"Doom"s multiplayer was developed in conjunction with Certain Affinity. SnapMap was developed in conjunction with Escalation Studios and designed to be powerful, to give players the opportunity to create their own content as part of the "Doom" and id legacies, and target those who have no experience or expertise in traditional modding.
Athens was the home of Robert Prince (Bobby Prince – a long time Athens musician) when he wrote the music and created the sound effects for early computer and video games, including the "Commander Keen" series, "Wolfenstein 3D" and "Doom". Athens is also the home of the rock band, Bit Brigade, who play shows in which they recreate the soundtracks to Castlevania (1986 video game), Contra (video game), Mega Man 2, Metroid (video game), Ninja Gaiden (NES video game), and The Legend of Zelda (video game), while a speedrun of the featured game is played live.
Although the popularity of the Doom games dropped with the release of more modern first-person shooters, the game still retains a strong fan base that continues to this day by playing competitively and creating WADs, and Doom-related news is still tracked at multiple websites such as Doomworld. Interest in Doom was renewed in 1997, when the source code for the Doom engine was released (it was also placed under the GNU General Public License on October 3, 1999). Fans then began porting the game to various operating systems, even to previously unsupported platforms such as the Dreamcast. As for the PC, over 50 different Doom source ports have been developed. New features such as OpenGL rendering and scripting allow WADs to alter the gameplay more radically.
"Doom" WAD is the default format of package files for the video game "Doom" and its sequel "Doom II: Hell on Earth", that contain sprites, levels, and game data. WAD stands for "Where's All the Data?". Immediately after its release in 1993, "Doom" attracted a sizeable following of players who created their own mods for WAD files—packages containing levels, graphics, and other game data—and played a vital part in spawning the mod-making culture which is now commonplace for first-person shooter games. Thousands of WADs have been created for "Doom", ranging from single custom levels to full original games; most of these can be freely downloaded over the Internet. Several WADs have also been released commercially, and for some people the WAD-making hobby became a gateway to a professional career as a level designer.
On 20 April 1999, 18-year-old Eric Harris and 17-year-old Dylan Klebold killed 12 students, a teacher, and themselves in the Columbine High School massacre. The two were allegedly obsessed with the video game "Doom". Harris also created WADs for the game, and created a large mod named "Tier" which he called his "life's work". Contrary to rumor, however, neither student had made a "Doom" level mimicking the school's layout, and there is no evidence the pair practiced the massacre in "Doom".
It was the second best-selling retail game in its week of release in the UK, behind "". This was reported to be 67% more in its first week than the previous entry, "Doom 3". "Doom" was the second best-selling retail video game in the US in May 2016, also behind "Uncharted 4". By the end of May 2016, "Doom"s sales on the PC reached 500,000 copies. The following month, by late June 2016, the game rose to number one in the UK charts, overtaking "Uncharted 4" and the later-released "Overwatch", and remained number one for a second week. The game had surpassed 1 million sold copies for PCs in August 2016. By July 2017, the game reached 2 million copies sold on PC. In November 2017 "Doom" was the fourth best-selling Switch game, during its debut week.
"Doom" was announced as "Doom 4" in 2008, but underwent an extensive development cycle with different builds and designs before being restarted in 2011, and revealed as simply "Doom" in 2014. It was tested by customers who pre-ordered the Bethesda game "", and also by the general public. Mick Gordon composed the music for the game, with additional music contributed by Ben F. Carney, Chris Hite, and Chad Mossholder.
Doom 3: Resurrection of Evil is a first-person shooter video game developed by Nerve Software and published by Activision. It was released for Microsoft Windows on April 3, 2005, as an expansion pack and sequel to "Doom 3" and on October 5, 2005, for the Xbox video game console. The Xbox version does not require the original "Doom 3" in order to play, and includes the original "Doom", "", and "Master Levels for Doom II".
Doom was influential and dozens of new first-person shooter titles appeared following Doom's release, and they were often referred to as "Doom clones" rather than "first-person shooters". The term "Doom clone" was used to describe the style of gameplay in Doom-like games. While the term was initially popular, it was, after 1996, gradually replaced by "first-person shooter", and the phrase "first-person shooter" had firmly superseded "Doom clone" around 1998. Some of these were certainly "clones", hastily assembled and quickly forgotten, while others explored new grounds of the genre and were highly acclaimed. Many of the games closely imitated features in Doom such as the selection of weapons and cheat codes. Doom's principal rivals were Apogee's Rise of the Triad and Looking Glass Studios' System Shock. The popularity of Star Wars-themed WADs is rumored to have been the factor that prompted LucasArts to create their first-person shooter Dark Forces.[102]
Judge Doom appears as a final boss in the 1988 video game adaption, the 1989 video game adaption, and the 1991 video game adaption of the film.
The Doomguy, commonly known as the Marine and referred to as the Doom Slayer in the rebooted portion of the series, is the unnamed player character in the "Doom" video game franchise of first-person shooters created by id Software, and its sequels and spin-off media. He is a space marine dressed in green combat armor who does not speak onscreen. 