Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that can help answer the question.
Query: When was the Hummer made available to civilians?
Hummer was a brand of trucks and SUVs, first marketed in 1992 when AM General began selling a civilian version of the M998Humvee.[1] In 1998, General Motors (GM) purchased the brand name from AM General and marketed three vehicles: the original HummerH1, based on the military Humvee, as well as the new H2 and H3 models that were based on smaller, civilian-market GM platforms.
As part of war reparations, Harley-Davidson acquired the design of a small German motorcycle, the DKW RT 125, which they adapted, manufactured, and sold from 1948 to 1966. Various models were made, including the Hummer from 1955 to 1959, but they are all colloquially referred to as "Hummers" at present. BSA in the United Kingdom took the same design as the foundation of their BSA Bantam.
In 1960, Harley-Davidson consolidated the Model 165 and Hummer lines into the Super-10, introduced the Topper scooter, and bought fifty percent of Aermacchi's motorcycle division. Importation of Aermacchi's 250 cc horizontal single began the following year. The bike bore Harley-Davidson badges and was marketed as the Harley-Davidson Sprint. The engine of the Sprint was increased to 350 cc in 1969 and would remain that size until 1974, when the four-stroke Sprint was discontinued.
While there is no 2005 model year Hummer H1, the 2006 model year H1 Alphas were manufactured in both 2005 and 2006. 448 H1 Alphas were produced from January through May 2005, and 281 H1 Alphas were produced from September 2005 through May 2006, when the production for the Hummer H1 officially ended.
After T.J. shows Deuce his boat, or "float crib," the pair go to a coffee shop where they get high and bump into Heinz Hummer, a German gigolo. After leaving the coffee shop, Deuce finds Hummer dead in an alley, but thinks he is merely stoned and takes the dead gigolo to T.J.'s float crib; when T.J. gets back, he immediately realizes that Hummer is dead. T.J. plans to dump the body, but skeptical of Hummer's reputation of being well-endowed, unzips his pants and examines his genitalia and is caught by a tour boat.
The Hummer H1 shares some common driveline parts with the HMMWV. These include brakes, axles, frame and major body panels (hood, tailgate and quarter panels) are shared between the HMMWV and Hummer H1. All H1s and HMMWVs were produced on the same assembly line; of which civilian H1s were then painted and finished in a separate building opposite the parking lot.
U.S. - High Mobility, Multi-purpose, Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) or "Hummer"; The HMMWV, commonly known as the Humvee, is a four-wheel drive military automobile produced by AM General.[6] It has largely supplanted the roles formerly served by smaller jeeps such as the M151 1⁄4-ton (230 kg), the M561 "Gama Goat", their M718A1 and M792 ambulance versions, the CUCV, and other light trucks. Primarily used by the United States military, it is also used by numerous other countries and organizations and even in civilian adaptations. The Humvee's widespread use in the Persian Gulf War helped inspire the civilian Hummer automotive marque.
The Hummer H1 is a four-wheel-drive utility vehicle based on the M998 Humvee, which was created by AM General. The vehicle was produced from 1992 through 2006, and was the first of what became the Hummer line. Originally designed strictly for military use, the off-road vehicle was released to the civilian market due to market demand. It was initially known as the "Hummer"; however, under a 1999 deal, GM bought marketing rights to the Hummer name and called the vehicle the Hummer H1. At the time, GM began marketing the Hummer H2 that was also assembled by AM General on a modified GMC 2500HD chassis. AM General continued to build the H1 and Humvee in its Mishawaka, Indiana facility. GM stopped marketing the H1 in 2006 model year, but AM General continued production of the military Humvee versions.
The Hummer H3 is a sport utility vehicle/off-road vehicle from Hummer that was produced from 2005 to 2010 by GM, not AM General like the earlier H1 and H2. It was introduced for the 2006 model year, based on a modified GMT355 that underpinned the Chevrolet Colorado/GMC Canyon compact pickup trucks that were also built at GM's Shreveport Operations in Shreveport, Louisiana and the Port Elizabeth plant in South Africa. The H3 was the smallest Hummer model. It was available either as a traditional midsize SUV or as a midsize pickup known as the H3T. The H3 and the Colorado/Canyon are very different. GM claims they share only 10% of their components, with the chassis modified and reinforced for heavy off-road duties.
Team Hummer Racing was created in 1993. Led by off-road racer Rod Hall, Team Hummer competed in the stock classes of both BitD and SCORE, with specialized racing shock absorbers, tires, and other modifications, along with mandatory safety equipment. Team Hummer stock-class H3 driven by Hall finished first in class with the H3 in the 2005 Baja 1000. Team Hummer earned 11 production-class wins at the Baja 1000.
The Hummer H1 was available for the Mexican Army through the '90s. With the late 2007 scandal involving former president Vicente Fox (portraying him as the owner of diverse vehicles from unknown funds, notably a Hummer), jokes referring to the Hummer became popular throughout the country.
After the Pontiac brand stopped production of all cars in late 2010 as GM announced, Buick is expected to replace Pontiac in the Mexican market and become GMC's partner brand as most dealerships in Mexico are GMC-Pontiac.
In addition to being the owner of Team HUMMER, Hall is partner with Mike Winkel in Reno’s Rod Hall/Winkel HUMMER. His franchise was the first stand-alone Hummer dealership in the country. Hall regularly conducts BF Goodrich tire seminars, HUMMER Happenings for dealerships and corporate excursions in HUMMER vehicles.
The Hummer H1 was available in three major variants: a convertible-like soft top, a four-door hard top Sport Utility Truck and an "Alpha Wagon" body version. Less known variants were a two-door pickup truck and a four-door slantback, which shares the same body style of the Humvee employed by the U.S. Military. The convertible/soft top and the station wagon versions were the last types available to individual consumers.
AM General had planned to sell a civilian version of the Humvee as far back as the late 1980s. Having the same structure and most mechanical components, the civilian Hummers were finished in automotive gloss paint, adding passenger car enhancements such as air conditioning, sound insulation, upgraded upholstery, stereo systems, wood trim, and convenience packages.[15] The civilian model began in part because of the persistence of Arnold Schwarzenegger, who saw an Army convoy while filming a movie.[16]
In 1992, AM General began selling a civilian version of the M998 Humvee vehicle to the public under the brand name "Hummer".[14]
AM General, sold by American Motors in 1982, is still in business building the American Motors-designed Humvee for American and allied militaries. AM General also built the now-discontinued civilian variant – the H1 – and manufactured a Chevrolet Tahoe-derived companion, the H2, under contract to GM, who acquired the rights to the civilian Hummer brand in 1999. GM was forced to phase out the Hummer brand in early 2010 as a part of its bankruptcy restructuring after offering it for sale, but failing to find a suitable buyer.
In 2006, Defence Minister Sergey Ivanov ordered one of the signals (with an accuracy of ) to be made available to civilian users. Putin, however, was not satisfied with this, and demanded that the whole system should be made fully available to everyone. Consequently, on 18 May 2007, all restrictions were lifted. The accurate, formerly military-only signal with a precision of , has since then been freely available to civilian users.
After graduation, Hummer applied to be a Los Angeles County lifeguard. In 1987, he won his first national title at a lifeguard competition in Hawaii. In 1988, Hummer made the US team that traveled to the World Championships in Australia. In 1989, Hummer was the U.S. Ocean Ironman Champion for the first time. He has been the U.S. Ocean Ironman Champion seven times. starting in 1989.
Originally released in the civilian market March 14, 1992, the Hummer H1 became known from the photographs published during Operation Desert Storm and the enthusiastic campaign from actor-politician Arnold Schwarzenegger.
In 2006, Defence Minister Sergey Ivanov ordered one of the signals (with an accuracy of 30 m) to be made available to civilian users. Putin, however, was not satisfied with this, and demanded that the whole system should be made fully available to everyone. Consequently, on 18 May 2007, all restrictions were lifted. The accurate, formerly military-only signal with a precision of 10 m, has since then been freely available to civilian users.
In the December 7 contest against , Hummer scored the game-winning layup with three seconds left in the game. On December 14, 2011, Hummer tallied 21 points, 12 rebounds, 7 assists, and 4 steals in an overtime victory over . Then on December 18, he had 20 points, 5 rebounds, 6 assists, 5 steals and 2 blocks against . These back-to-back 20 point performances, which included a career high in assists against Rider and a career high in steals against Northeastern, earned him Ivy League Player of the Week recognition on December 19, 2011. His 25-point, 15-rebound effort in the December 30 triple overtime victory over eventual 2012 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament Champion Florida State tied his career-high point production and established a career high in rebounds. When Hummer scored 18 points on February 4, 2012 against Yale, he became the 29th Princeton Tiger (and 5th Princeton junior as well as 2nd Hummer family member) to reach the 1000-point plateau. Hummer's 515 points was the highest single-season total by a Princeton player since Bill Bradley. Hummer's efforts helped the 2011–12 team earn a bid to the 2012 College Basketball Invitational. He was a 2012 unanimous first team All-Ivy and a second team NABC All-District selection.
The Hummer H3T is a mid-size pickup truck that was available during the 2009 and 2010 model years.
In 1997, Montague received a grant from DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to work with the United States Marine Corps in developing the Tactical Electric No Signature (TENS) Mountain bike. The project led to the development of a new folding bike design that allowed faster folding for Paratrooper exit from military aircraft with the bike. This gave rise to the Paratrooper, Montague's non-electric Military Mountain Bike. The design was later dubbed the X-Frame. In 1999, folding bikes using the X-Frame design were first made available to the civilian population under the Montague name. In 2002, development and marketing of an upscale X-Frame folding mountain bike began in conjunction with General Motors' Hummer product line. Promotional distribution of Montague designed Hummer bicycles took place through GM dealerships.
Chinese regulators refused to allow for the purchase of the brand and GM decided on February 24, 2010, to retire the brand. Despite the failed sale, GM discussed entertaining interest in part of the Hummer brand, subsequently made no effort in that direction, leaving Hummer to close.
Criticism of Hummers mirrors the criticism of SUVs in general, but to a higher degree. Specific criticisms of Hummers include:
In 1992 AM General began marketing the HUMVEE to the civilian market under the Hummer Brand.