Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that can help answer the question.
Query: When did South Korea become a republic?
The history of South Korea formally begins with its establishment on August 15, 1948.
Contact between Canada and the Republic of Korea date back to the 19th century when Canadians were some of the first Westerners to arrive on the Korean peninsula, a majority of whom were Christian missionaries, though they branched out into other fields of work. Rev. Canadian James S. Gale (1863-1937) created the Korean-English Dictionary which became the first and most essential tool for the scholarly study of Korea in the West; and did an independent translation of the Bible into the Korean language. Another Canadian, Dr. Oliver R. Avison, was the personal physician to King Kojong (1852-1919) and is considered the founder of modern medical knowledge in Korea. Official contact began in 1947 when Canada participated in the United Nations Commission overseeing election in Korea, and Canada formally recognized the Republic of Korea in 1949.
The Korean conflict is an ongoing conflict based on the division of Korea between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) and South Korea (Republic of Korea), both of which claim to be the sole legitimate government of all of Korea. During the Cold War, North Korea was backed by the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China and their communist allies, while South Korea was backed by the United States and its Western allies. The division of Korea by external powers occurred at the end of World War II, starting in 1945, and tensions erupted into the Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953. When the war ended, both countries were devastated, with utter destruction of much of the countries, but the division remained. North and South Korea continued a military standoff, with periodic clashes. The conflict survived the collapse of the Eastern Bloc of 1989 to 1991 and continues to this day.
Camp Bonifas is a United Nations Command military post located 400 meters south of the southern boundary of the Korean Demilitarized Zone. It was 2,400 meters south of the Military Demarcation Line, which forms the border between South Korea (the Republic of Korea) and North Korea (the Democratic People's Republic of Korea). It was returned to the Republic of Korea in 2006.
The party was established in Shanghai by Kim Koo in 1928, uniting a faction of conservative members of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea headed by Kim. When Kim was able to return to Korea in 1945, the KIP began operating in the country. Kim was initially supportive of Syngman Rhee, but a dispute over holding separate elections in South Korea (Kim was opposed, Rhee was for) led to a split and the party did not participate in the 1948 parliamentary elections in South Korea. However, Kim was a candidate in the indirect presidential elections in July 1948, losing heavily to Rhee.
Conscription in North Korea Republic of Korea Armed Forces Republic of Korea Army Republic of Korea Marine Corps Republic of Korea Navy Republic of Korea Air Force
This is a List of Ambassadors from Russia to South Korea. The Russian Empire established relations with the Joseon Dynasty in 1884. However Korea was deprived of its right to conduct independent foreign policy by the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905, while the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the eventual successor to the Russian Empire) did not formally recognise Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in exile. In 1948, three years after the end of Japanese rule in Korea, the USSR recognised only one government on the Korean peninsula—the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, commonly North Korea. In September 1990, towards the end of its existence, the USSR established relations with the Republic of Korea (commonly known as South Korea).
When the People's Republic of China and South Korea reformed relationship was settled in, several Chinese migrants had emerged in South Korea in 1992. In the early 1900s, a trade agreement allowed merchants from China conduct business trades in South Korea.
During the women's football tournament on the first day, 25 July, the flag of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) was mistakenly displayed on the electronic display in Hampden Park instead of that of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). The North Korean team walked off the pitch in protest at seeing the South Korean flag displayed by their names and refused to warm up whilst the flag was being displayed. The match between North Korea and Colombia was delayed by a little over an hour; the game then commenced after rectification of the error. LOCOG apologised for the error and said they would make efforts to ensure such a mishap did not recur; however, the organising committee's statement had to be reissued because it failed to use the nations' official titles (as used by the IOC) "Republic of Korea" and "Democratic People's Republic of Korea".
The Ambassador of Australia to the Republic of Korea is the Australian Government's foremost diplomatic representative in South Korea. The Ambassador is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the Embassy of the Commonwealth of Australia to the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The position has the rank and status of an Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and holds non-resident accreditation with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). 
Bangladesh–South Korea relations Bangladesh is one of the many countries that has established diplomatic relationships with both the Koreas. Official diplomatic relations with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) was established in 1973. In 1974, South Korea opened its embassy in the capital Dhaka while her counterpart did so in 1987.
South Korea is the EU's 8th largest trading partner and EU has become South Korea's second largest trading partner and export destination. In 2011 – 2012, South Korea was one of EU's main trading partners registering 16.2% exports' growth rate.
The EU – Republic of Korea Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which is applied since 1 July 2011, has marked an unprecedented step forward in trade relations between the EU and the Republic of Korea. The agreement eliminated tariffs for industrial and agricultural goods in a progressive, step-by-step approach, and on 1 July 2016, import duties will be eliminated on all products except for a limited number of agricultural products. The FTA also contains a number of specific commitments to eliminate and to prevent the emergence of non-tariff barriers to trade, notably in the automotive, pharmaceutical and electronic sectors.With the FTA, the bilateral trade in goods between the EU and the Republic of Korea has been constantly growing and reached the record level of more than 90 billion euros in 2015, with an increment of the EU export of 10.9% over 2014.The EU is also the largest investor in the country, ahead of the United States and Japan. The EU FDI stock in the Republic of Korea increased 35% from 2013 to 2014 (last data available) to reach 43.7 billion euros, accounting for over 20% of the FDI stock in the Republic of Korea.
Unlike in previous years, North and South Korea did not send a unified team; their athletes marched in separately as Republic of Korea (South Korea, ) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea, ). Taiwan marched under the name "Chinese Taipei" () as per a 1989 agreement and in the Olympics since then – and the Chinese media has followed suit, referring to Taiwan as "Zhonghua Taibei" instead of the previously used and controversial "Zhongguo Taibei" (, literally "Taipei, China").
At the end of World War II in 1945, Korea was divided into North Korea and South Korea with North Korea (assisted by the Soviet Union), becoming a communist government after 1946, known as the Democratic People's Republic, followed by South Korea becoming the Republic of Korea. China became the communist People's Republic of China in 1949. In 1950, the Soviet Union backed North Korea while the United States backed South Korea, and China allied with the Soviet Union in what was to become the first military action of the Cold War.
Today, South Koreans use "Hanguk" (, ) to refer to just South Korea or Korea as a whole, "Namhan" (, ; "South Han") for South Korea, and "Bukhan" (, ; "North Han") for North Korea. South Korea less formally refers to North Korea as "Ibuk" (, ; "The North"). South Koreans often refer to Korea as "uri nara" (), meaning "our nation" or "our country". In addition, the official name for the Republic of Korea in the Korean language is "Daehan Minguk" (, ; which is usually translated as "The Republic of Korea").
Following Japanese surrender at the end of the Second World War, the Allied Powers divided the Korean peninsula along the 38th Parallel with two occupation zones with the United States in the south, and the Soviet Union in the north that would later become North Korea. On August 15, 1948, the southern half of Korea declared independence as the Republic of Korea with Syngman Rhee as president. The United States recognized the Republic of Korea as an independent state on January 1, 1949 and diplomatic relations between two countries were established on March 25 in the following year.
Cross-border skirmishes and raids at the 38th Parallel escalated into open warfare when the North Korean forces invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950. The Korean War broke out when North Korea invaded South Korea. In response, 16 member countries of the United Nations, including the United States, came to the defense of South Korea. It was the first significant armed conflict of the Cold War with extensive deployment of American and other troops.
Kim Jong-oh () (May 22, 1921 – March 30, 1966) was South Korean Republic of Korea Army soldier in the Korean War. He was born in North Chungcheong Province. He was active in the First Republic of South Korea and Third Republic of South Korea. He was the 10th president of the Republic of Korea Military Academy (1952–1954) and commander of the Republic of Korea 1st Army.
South Korea–Serbia relations are foreign relations between South Korea(Republic of Korea or ROK) and Serbia
(Republic of Serbia). They established bilateral relations in 1982. South Korea has an embassy in Belgrade and Serbia has an embassy in Seoul.
The List of Ambassadors from Germany to South Korea began after the Federal Republic of Germany (then West Germany, today Germany) recognised the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in December 1955. The official title of this diplomat is "Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Germany to the Republic of Korea."
The Elders launched their Korean Peninsula initiative in April 2011, when a delegation led by Jimmy Carter made a six-day visit to the Republic of Korea (South Korea), the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and China. Jimmy Carter, together with Martti Ahtisaari, Gro Harlem Brundtland and Mary Robinson, aimed to alleviate tensions on the Peninsula, particularly by encouraging dialogue and addressing security and humanitarian concerns such as reported food shortages in North Korea. In all three countries they met senior government officials, diplomats, UN representatives, humanitarian agencies, researchers, think tanks and North Korean refugees who fled to South Korea. Throughout the visit they made it clear that they were acting independently and did not intend "to replace or intervene in any official process".
At the end of World War II, North Korea, aligned with the Soviet bloc, became friendly with the People's Republic of China, while the PRC and the Republic of Korea did not recognize each other. During the Korean War, when China was engaged in war with South Korea and its United Nations allies, efforts through propaganda were placed to intimidate hatred against South Korea, named a "puppet state" of the United States at the time by the PRC government.
South Korea–United States relations () refers to international relations between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the United States of America. Relations have been extensive since 1950, when the United States helped establish the modern state of South Korea, also known as the Republic of Korea, and fought on its UN-sponsored side in the Korean War (1950–1953). During the subsequent four decades, South Korea experienced tremendous economic, political and military growth, and significantly reduced U.S. dependency. From Roh Tae-woo's administration to Roh Moo-hyun's administration, South Korea sought to establish an American partnership, which has made the Seoul–Washington relationship subject to some strains, especially with the Anti-US/Korean sentiments. However, relations between the United States and South Korea have greatly strengthened under the conservative, pro-U.S. Lee Myung-bak administration. At the 2009 G20 London summit, U.S. President Barack Obama called South Korea "one of America's closest allies and greatest friends." In addition, South Korea has been designated as a Major non-NATO ally.
At the end of [[World War II]], Korea regained its independence after 35 years of [[Korea under Japanese rule|imperialist Japanese rule]]. Per the [[Yalta Conference]] agreements, [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces accepted [[Surrender of Japan|surrender of Japanese forces]] in northern Korea above the [[38th parallel north|38th parallel]], and [[United States|U.S.]] forces south of that line. [[Division of Korea|Korea was then divided]] into Soviet (North Korean) and U.S. (South Korean) spheres. South Korea refused diplomatic and trade relations with Japan, using Japan as a domestic bugbear to rally support for the South Korean government. The early ROK (Republic of Korea; South Korea) government derived its legitimacy from its opposition to Japan and North Korea, portraying South Korea as under threat from the North and South. The diplomatic relationship between Japan and South Korea was established in 1965, when the [[Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea|Treaty on Basic Relations]] was signed; Japan subsequently recognized the [[Republic of Korea]] (the official name of South Korea) as the only legitimate government on the [[Korean Peninsula]]. As such, [[North Korea]] does not have official diplomatic ties with Japan.
The war, which lasted from June 25, 1950, until the was signed on July 27, 1953, started as a civil war between communist North Korea and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The United States, acting on behalf of the United Nations, sought to repel the North Korean invasion. A monument for the veterans of the war was not created until the 1990s. When the war began, North and South Korea existed as provisional governments competing for control over the Korean peninsula, due to the division of Korea by outside powers. While originally a civil war, it quickly escalated into a proxy war between the capitalist powers of the United States and its allies and the communist powers of the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. The war began when North Korea invaded South Korea.
Both South and North Korea use the name "Korea" when referring to their countries in English. North Korea is sometimes referred to as "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" (DPRK) and South Korea is sometimes referred to as the "Republic Of Korea" (ROK). The official names of both entities are also used by organizations such as United Nations, International Olympic Committee and media such as the Associated Press, China Global Television Network, and several others. 