Instruct: Given a question, retrieve documents that can help answer the question.
Query: What is the population of Turkey?
In 2017, the population of Turkey was estimated to be 80.8 million with a growth rate of 1.24% per annum.[1]
The population of Arabs in Turkey varies according to different sources. A Turkish study estimates the Arab population to be between 1.1 and 2.4%.
An earlier American estimate from 1995 puts the numbers between 800,000 and 1 million. According to Ethnologue, in 1992 there were 500,000 people with Arabic as their mother tongue in Turkey. According to a Turkish study based on a large survey in 2006, 0,7% of the total population in Turkey were ethnically Arab.
Although its population is overwhelmingly Muslim, Turkey claims to be a secular country per Article 24 of the Turkish Constitution. The two main Islamic streams in Turkey are Sunni and Alevi, a branch of Shia Islam. In Turkey Alevi are the minority, estimated at 17 percent of the Muslim population.
According to a report by Turkish agency KONDA, in 2006, out of the total population of 73 million people in Turkey there were 11.4 million Kurds and Zazas living in Turkey (close to 15.68% of the total population). The Turkish newspaper Milliyet reported in 2008 that the Kurdish population in Turkey is 12.6 million; although this also includes 3 million Zazas. According to the World Factbook, Kurdish people make up 18% of Turkey's population (about 14 million, out of 77.8 million people). Kurdish sources put the figure at 10 to 15 million Kurds in Turkey.
In the census of 1965, 12,832 Turkish citizens spoke Albanian as first language, which is only 0.04% of the population. However, there were 403,445 "Albanian speakers" in total. These people were mostly living in Bursa (0.3%), Sakarya (0.2%), Tokat (0.2%) and Istanbul (0.2%). Another 390,613 spoke Albanian as second language (1.28% of Turkey's population). Together, Albanian speaking population in Turkey according to the census of 1965 was 403,445 or 1.3% of the total population of Turkey.
According to CIA Factbook, Kurds formed approximately 18% of the population in Turkey (approximately 14 million) in 2008. One Western source estimates that up to 25% of the Turkish population is Kurdish (approximately 18-19 million people). Kurdish sources claim there are as many as 20 or 25 million Kurds in Turkey.
In 1980, Ethnologue estimated the number of Kurdish-speakers in Turkey at around five million, when the country's population stood at 44 million. Kurds form the largest minority group in Turkey, and they have posed the most serious and persistent challenge to the official image of a homogeneous society. This classification was changed to the new euphemism of "Eastern Turk" in 1980. Nowadays the Kurds, in Turkey, are still known under the name "Easterner" (Doğulu).
Xiro Chorio's roots are pre-Ottoman, as it is listed by the name of "Chirochorion" in Venetian land and population surveys. In 1901, prior to Crete's union with Greece, Xiro Chorio was listed in the Turkish census as having exactly 100 residents, 99 of whom were of the "Musulman faith" and one of the "Greek Orthodox". In 1922, the population exchange between Greece and Turkey that resulted from the War in Asia Minor, 1919-1922, caused the Cretan Muslems of Xiro Chorio to be displaced to what is today Turkey, and the village to be inhabited by Orthodox Christians who in turn had been displaced from Turkey.
Assyrians in what is now Turkey primarily lived in the provinces of Hakkari, Şırnak, and Mardin. These areas also had a sizable Kurdish population.
In 2002, Heritage Foods USA partnered with Frank Reese of Good Shepard Poultry Ranch in Lindsborg, KS, selling about 800 Heritage turkeys to Slow Food USA members around the country. Starting what would become an annual program, the Heritage Turkey Project aimed to increasing heritage turkey populations by increase market demand for the birds.
Since then, Heritage Foods USA has continued their partnership with Frank Reese, the only farmer in America recognized by the USDA as a producer of authentic heritage poultry,
Since the inception of the Heritage Turkey Project, many breeds have been removed from the critically endangered species list. A 2003 census by the Livestock Conservancy reported a 200 percent increase in heritage turkey populations. By 2006, the count of heritage turkeys in the U.S. was up to 8,800 breeding birds. Though all but the Bourbon Red and Royal Palm are still considered critically endangered, the birds have rebounded significantly.
Since the total population of Turkey is 77,695,904, the population in the 30 provinces make up 77% of the population of the country.
Laal Pasha Mosque - Ladino language - Lake Eber - Lake Eymir - Lake Mogan - Lake Van - Lamas Aqueduct - Landing at Anzac Cove - Landing at Cape Helles - Landing at Suvla Bay - Left of Center (Turkey) - Letters from Turkey - Letters from Turkey (Moltke) - Leyla Gencer - LGBT rights in Turkey - Liberal Democrat Party - Liberalism in Turkey - Liberty Party - Libraries in Turkey - Lira - List of Turkish academics - List of castles in Turkey - List of Chiefs Turkish General Staff - List of cities in Turkey - List of free zones of Turkey - List of Seljuk hans and kervansarays in Turkey - List of historical parties in Turkey - List of maritime incidents in the Turkish Straits - List of mayors of İzmir - List of mayors of Mersin - List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey - List of mountain passes in Turkey - List of museums in Turkey - List of newspapers in Turkey - List of party leaders in Turkey - List of political parties in Turkey - List of populated places in Adana Province - List of populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province - List of populated places in Mersin Province - List of Presidents of Turkey - List of Prime Ministers of Turkey - List of Speakers of the Parliament of Turkey - List of Turkish academics - List of Turkish elections - List of Turkish painters - List of Turks - List of yaylas in Turkey - List of World Heritage Sites in Turkey - List of World Heritage Sites in Turkey (Tentative list)
Perşembe (literally "Thursday", referring to market day ) is a belde (town) in Çaycuma district of Zonguldak Province, Turkey. It is situated in the mountainous area which runs parallel to Black Sea coast at . It is to the east of both Çaycuma and Zonguldak. The distance to Çaycuma is and to Zonguldak is . The population of Perşembe is 2659 as of 2010. The settlement was probably founded four centuries ago. The original population of the village was composed of migrants from Caucasus (probably Kipchaks, a medieval Turkic people lived in what is now Russian steps and Caucasus). Also people from other parts of Turkey were settled in the village. The settlement was declared a seat of township in 1990.
Again confronting public sentiment, Cobden, who had travelled in Turkey, and had studied its politics, was dismissive of the outcry about maintaining the independence and integrity of the Ottoman Empire. He denied that it was possible to maintain them, and no less strenuously denied that it was desirable. He believed that the jealousy of Russian aggrandisement and the dread of Russian power were absurd exaggerations. He maintained that the future of European Turkey was in the hands of the Christian population, and that it would have been wiser for Britain to ally herself with them rather than with what he saw as the doomed and decaying Islamic power. He said in the House of Commons You must address yourselves as men of sense and men of energy, to the question – what are you to do with the Christian population? for Mahommedanism [Islam] cannot be maintained, and I should be sorry to see this country fighting for the maintenance of Mahommedanism ... You may keep Turkey on the map of Europe, you may call the country by the name of Turkey if you like, but do not think you can keep up the Mahommedan rule in the country. The torrent of popular sentiment in favour of war was, however, irresistible; and both Cobden and John Bright were overwhelmed with obloquy.
Ali Bayramoğlu (born 1956), is a Turkish writer and political commentator. He was a columnist in the Turkish daily newspaper Yeni Safak, writing from a liberal pro-Islamic viewpoint. He has campaigned against ultra-nationalism, militarism and restrictions on Islamic political parties in Turkey, and in favour of greater recognition of, and accommodation with, the Kurdish population of Turkey, and a break with what he sees as Ottomanist tendencies which prevent Turkey from moving forward on issues such as the Armenian genocide. He has also warned against the possible rise of left-wing political violence in Turkey.
Greek refugees is a collective term used to refer to the nearly one million Greek Orthodox natives of Asia Minor, Thrace and the Black Sea areas who fled during the Greek genocide (1914-1922) and Greece's later defeat in the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), as well as remaining Greek Orthodox inhabitants of Turkey who were required to leave their homes for Greece shortly thereafter as part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, which formalized the population transfer and barred the return of the refugees. This Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations was signed in Lausanne, on January 30, 1923 as part of the peace treaty between Greece and Turkey and required all remaining Orthodox Christians in Turkey, regardless of what language they spoke, be relocated to Greece with the exception of those in Istanbul and two nearby islands. Although the term has been used in various times to refer to fleeing populations of Greek descent (primarily after the Ionian Revolt, the Fall of Constantinople or the Greek Civil War), the population strength and the influence of the Asia Minor Greeks in Greece itself, has attached the term to the Anatolian Greek population of the early 20th century. At least 300,000 Greek refugees were from Eastern Thrace, whereas at least 900,000 were from Asia Minor. At least 150,000 were from Istanbul, who left the city in three years before 1928.
The Minority Rights Group report of 1985 (by Martin Short and Anthony McDermott) gave an estimate of 15% Kurds in the population of Turkey in 1980, i.e. 8,455,000 out of 44,500,000, with the preceding comment "Nothing, apart from the actual 'borders' of Kurdistan, generates as much heat in the Kurdish question as the estimate of the Kurdish population. Kurdish nationalists are tempted to exaggerate it, and governments of the region to understate it. In Turkey only those Kurds who do not speak Turkish are officially counted for census purposes as Kurds, yielding a very low figure." In Turkey: A Country Study, a 1995 online publication of the U.S. Library of Congress, there is a whole chapter about Kurds in Turkey where it is stated that "Turkey's censuses do not list Kurds as a separate ethnic group. Consequently, there are no reliable data on their total numbers. In 1995 estimates of the number of Kurds in Turkey is about 8.5 million" out of 61.2 million, or 13% of the population at that time.[56] Turkish government statistics show that Kurdish women in Turkey give birth to about four children, more than double the rate for the rest of the Turkish population.[57][58][59] [60] Prime Minister Erdogan stated that Kurds could become a majority by 2038.[61][62] In some Kurdish dominated provinces women give birth to 7.1 children on average. Even though many Kurds have been migrating to cities in Western Turkey or Western Europe, cities in south-east Turkey are still growing at a faster rate than others.[63] Women in Kurdish dominated provinces of eastern Turkey also have a illiteracy rate about three times higher than men, a factor which correlates with higher birth rates. In Şırnak 66 percent of 15-year old girls could not read or write. [64]
By the early 1900s, the turkey population had been decimated in North America because of habitat destruction, commercial hunting, and lack of wildlife regulations. Hunters, wildlife agencies and conservation organizations intervened and turkey populations rebounded dramatically. More than 7 million wild turkeys now roam North America, with populations in every U.S. state but Alaska. Wild turkeys are also hunted in parts of Mexico and Canada.
The population exchange was envisioned by Turkey as a way to formalize, and make permanent, the exodus of Greeks from Turkey, while initiating a new exodus of a smaller number of Muslims from Greece to supply settlers for occupying the newly depopulated regions of Turkey, while Greece saw it as a way to supply its masses of new propertyless Greek refugees from Turkey with lands to settle from the exchanged Muslims of Greece.
Acoording to Population exchange agreement between Greece and Turkey, the Greek Orthodox population in Turkey and the Moslem population in Greece were exchanged in the 1920s. The refugees would be provided with new possessions totaling the ones they had left behind. Listing the possessions of the Orthodox people who left Turkey and assigning them to the Moslem people from Greece was a formidable task for the bureaucracy of the newly established Turkey and a separate ministry was formed to solve the problems of the exchange and settlement on 30 October 1923. During the 1st and the 2nd government of Turkey the name of the ministry was "Ministry of Exchange, Construction and Settlement".
During the 3rd government of Turkey the Minister of Interior was also the minister of Exchange, Construction and Settlement between 22 November 1924 – 3 March 1925. After the 3rd government the ministry was abolished.
The Kurds are concentrated in the east and southeast of the country, in what is also known as Turkish Kurdistan, making up a majority in the provinces of Tunceli, Bingöl, Muş, Ağrı, Iğdır, Elâzığ, Diyarbakır, Batman, Şırnak, Bitlis, Van, Mardin, Siirt and Hakkari, a near majority in Şanlıurfa Province (47%), and a large minority in Kars Province (20%). In addition, due to internal migration, Kurdish communities exist in all major cities in central and western Turkey, particularly in Istanbul, where there are an estimated 3 million Kurds, making Istanbul the city with the largest Kurdish population in the world. The minorities besides the Kurds are thought to make up an estimated 7–12 percent of the population.
Twelver shia population of Turkey is nearly 3 million and most of them are Azeris. Half million of Ja'faris live in İstanbul.
Turkey is in the area of the Yazidi homeland, along with Syria and Iraq. The Yazidi population in Turkey was estimated at around 22.000 in 1984. Earlier figures are difficult to obtain and verify, but some estimate there were about 100.000 Yazidi in Turkey in the early years of the 20th century.
According to some sources, the population exchange, albeit messy and dangerous for many, was executed fairly quickly by respected supervisors. If the goal of the exchange was to achieve ethnic-national homogeneity, then this was achieved by both Turkey and Greece. For example, in 1906, nearly 20 percent of the population of present-day Turkey was non-Muslim, but by 1927, only 2.6 percent was.
Turkey is hostile towards the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (DFNS), since Turkey claims that the PYD, the political party ruling the DFNS is connected to the PKK and it fears that the DFNS would encourage increased unrest and calls for autonomy among the Kurdish population within Turkey. There have been claims that Turkey has been giving material support to Islamist rebel groups including ISIL who would fight the DFNS. Turkey has also shelled population centers in the DFNS, causing property damage but also injury and death of civilians. Turkey has also been accused of actively supporting the indiscriminate shelling of civilian population centers under DFNS control by opposition militias, causing 1,000 civilian deaths in the Sheikh Maqsood neighbourhood of Aleppo alone.
According to religiosity polls, 97.8% of the population identifies as Muslim, and only 2% is non-religious. Most Muslims in Turkey are Sunnis, forming about 78% of the overall Muslim denominations. The remaining Muslim sects forming about 20% of the overall Muslim population consist of Alevis, Ja'faris (representing 4%) and Alawites (with an estimated population of around 1 million) which is about 1% of the overall Muslim population in Turkey. 
Figures on NDM's or Non-denominational Muslims vary with estimates ranging from 2 percent of the population to 14 percent of the population. 
Virtually, the Vietnamese community in Turkey comprises mostly Cham Muslims, the only registered Muslim population in Vietnam, and little existence of Vietnamese population is recorded in Turkey.