Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that answer the question.
Query: What is 4k?
4K resolution, also called 4K, refers to a horizontal display resolution of approximately 4,000 pixels.[1] Digital television and digital cinematography commonly use several different 4K resolutions. In television and consumer media, 3840×2160 (4K UHD) is the dominant 4K standard, whereas the movie projection industry uses 4096×2160 (DCI 4K).
Following the creation of the Java4K contest, spin-offs targeting 8K, 16K, or a specific API like LWJGL have been launched, usually without success. While there has been a great deal of debate on why the Java 4K contest is so successful, the consensus from the contestants seems to be that it provides a very appealing challenge: not only do the entrants get the chance to show off how much they know about Java programming, but the 4K size helps "even the odds" compared to other competitions where the use of artists and musicians can easily place an entry far ahead of the others. The contestants seem to believe that 4K is the "sweet spot" that balances what an individual can do. Because of the tricks developed for the 4K contest, it's believed that adding even a single kilobyte would open the doors to far more complex games that are beyond the ability of a single developer.
Theaters began projecting movies at 4K resolution in 2011.[57] Sony was offering 4K projectors as early as 2004.[58] The first 4K home theater projector was released by Sony in 2012.[59]
Digital movies made in 4K may be produced, scanned, or stored in a number of other resolutions depending on what storage aspect ratio is used.[97][98] In the digital cinema production chain, a resolution of 4096 × 3112 is often used for acquiring "open gate" or anamorphic input material, a resolution based on the historical resolution of scanned Super35mm film.[99]
Sony has announced on several occasions that CineAlta 4K, a 4K production suite including a 4K digital cinema camera, recorder, and production tools, is being developed. With the release of the F65 in January 2012, Sony has begun to create a 4K workflow from acquisition to distribution.
The first commercially available 4K camera for cinematographic purposes was the Dalsa Origin, released in 2003.[52][53] 4K technology was developed by several research groups in universities around the world, such as University of California, San Diego, CALIT2, Keio University and others that realized [54] several demonstrations in venues such as IGrid in 2004 and CineGrid. YouTube began supporting 4K for video uploads in 2010 as a result of leading manufacturers producing 4K cameras.[55] Users could view 4K video by selecting "Original" from the quality settings until December 2013, when the 2160p option appeared in the quality menu.[56] In November 2013, YouTube began to use the VP9 video compression standard, saying that it was more suitable for 4K than High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Google, which owns YouTube, developed VP9.[55]
I-4K is a satellite bus being developed by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It will be a standard bus for class communication satellites; the "I" in I-4K stands for INSAT, a group of communication satellites developed and launched by ISRO. The I-4K spacecraft bus can supply DC power of 10 to 15 kilowatts.
TRT 4K, is Ultra HD TV channel established by TRT on Türksat 3A. TRT 4K started test broadcasting February 19, 2015. TRT4K is the first 4K Ultra HD FTA channel in Turkey and Europe. TRT4K uses HEVC (H.265) codec with 4K Ultra HD resolution 3840×2160 and 50 progressive (full) frame rate. Audio codec is Dolby Digital plus (E-AC-3). (Surround 7.1 sound Turkish language). Some live events were broadcast from TRT4K like UEFA Champions League, UEFA European Championship etc.
4K, 4-K or 4k may refer to:
Though experiencing rapid price drops beginning in 2013 for viewing devices, the home cinema digital video projector market saw little expansion, with only a few manufacturers (only Sony as of 2015) offering limited 4K-capable lineups, with native 4K projectors commanding five-figure price tags well into 2015 before finally breaking the US$10,000 barrier.[67] Critics state that at normal direct-view panel size and viewing distances, the extra pixels of 4K are redundant at the ability of normal human vision. Projection home cinemas, on the other hand, employ much larger screen sizes without necessarily increasing viewing distance to scale. JVC has used a technique known as "e-shift" to extrapolate extra pixels from 1080p sources to display 4K on screens through upscaling or from native 4K sources at a much lower price than native 4K projectors.[68] This technology of non-native 4K entered its fourth generation for 2016.[69][70][71] JVC used this same technology to provide 8K flight simulation for Boeing that met the limits of 20/25 visual acuity.[72]
In November 2014, DirecTV became the first television provider to begin offering 4K ultra-high definition content. On launch, 4K content was limited to renting a small library of on-demand films, downloaded to the subscriber's Genie DVR (some 4K content can also be pre-loaded automatically to the set-top box via the Genie Recommends feature). The 4K service could also only be used on "DirecTV 4K Ready" televisions, which support RVU protocol; this was limited to selected Samsung 4K televisions released in 2014.
It is actually the world's first bridge camera which can record in 4K (2160p) video resolution, as opposed to other compact cameras filming at full HD (1080p) resolution. What sets it apart the most is the introduction of 4K at 30p Ultra HD video with a price lower than $900. Furthermore, 8 megapixel JPEG photos can be extracted from any video frame from 4K videos in playback mode.
The term "2160p" could be applied to any format with a height of 2160 pixels, but it is most commonly used in reference to the 4K UHDTV resolution of 3840×2160 due to its association with the well-known 720p and 1080p HDTV formats. Although 3840×2160 is both a 4K resolution and a 2160p resolution, these terms cannot always be used interchangeably since not all 4K resolutions are 2160 pixels tall, and not all 2160p resolutions are ≈4000 pixels wide. However, some companies have begun using the term "4K" to describe devices with support for a 2160p resolution, even if it is not close to 4000 pixels wide. For example, many "4K" dash cams only support a resolution of 2880×2160 (4∶3);[24][25] although this is a 2160p resolution, it is not a 4K resolution. Samsung also released a 5120×2160 (64∶27) TV, but marketed it as a "4K" TV despite its 5K-class resolution.[26][27]
In early 2014 Sony released the FDR-AX100 which represents the next generation of camcorders. It is capable of shooting in 4K resolution. It currently has a price tag of £1,699 and 4K camcorders are not expected to come into the mainstream market for at least another eight to ten years as most current Blu-ray players are not capable of playing 4K video. Virtually all mainstream TVs are not 4K ready either with the only 4K TVs available being very expensive at £2,500 or over. The only means of archiving 4K video is the 100 GB Blu-ray Disc XL but the discs are very expensive.[7]
The 4K! – Fourth Republic! (), often abbreviated 4K!, was a social-democratic political party in Hungary. It was led by András Istvánffy. It was formed at a Congress in April 2012, and its membership was largely drawn from a predecessor civil organization, also called 4K!.
As of July 1, 2017, 4KUniverse Streaming Channel is available on Amazon Fire TV and 4K Roku devices. 
Models are Roku 4, Roku Premier, Premier Plus, Roku Ultra, Roku TCL 4K TV. • Cable Company has to carry LIVE 4KUniverse Channel. (If cable channel does not carry the channel, you can request it)
• Must own a 4K TV set.
• Cable Company must deliver 4K cable box to your home.
• 4K HDMI Cable.• Internet connection above 25 megabytes per second
• 4K TV Set
• 4K HDMI cable
On September 5, 2014, the Blu-ray Disc Association announced that the 4K Blu-ray Disc specification supports 4K video at 60 fps, High Efficiency Video Coding, the Rec. 2020 color space, high dynamic range, and 10-bit color depth. 4K Blu-ray Disc will have a data rate of at least 50 Mbit/s and may include support for 66/100 GB discs. 4K Blu-ray Disc began licensing in 2015, with 4K Blu-ray Disc players released late that year.
On November 29, 2012, Sony announced the 4K Ultra HD Video Player—a hard disk server preloaded with ten 4K movies and several 4K video clips that they planned to include with the Sony XBR-84X900. The preloaded 4K movies are "The Amazing Spider-Man", "Total Recall" (2012), "The Karate Kid" (2010), "Salt", "", "The Other Guys", "Bad Teacher", "That's My Boy", "Taxi Driver", and "The Bridge on the River Kwai". Additional 4K movies and 4K video clips will be offered for the 4K Ultra HD Video Player in the future .
A total of 445 production vehicles was delivered to the Austrian Army in the following versions: 30 4K 4F, 211 4K 3FA, 38 4K 3FA-FS, 12 4K 4FA-Fü/FIA, 15 4K 4FA-San, 76 4K 4FA-G2, 60 4K 4FA FüA 1 to 4 series, three 4K 3FA Fül and a number of 4K 3FA GrW1 81 mm mortar carriers which were conversions of earlier vehicles. Production was finally completed in 1969. The vehicle was succeeded in production by a new model, described in detail in a separate entry, called the 4K 7FA which uses the same automotive components as the SK-105 Kürassier light tank also manufactured by Steyr-Daimler-Puch. Production of the 4K FA and SK 105 are complete and all marketing of these has ceased.
The next model, the 4K 2P, had a different hull layout, a new torsion bar suspension and was powered by a 250 hp Saurer 2P diesel engine. In appearance it was similar to the first production vehicles which were completed in 1961 and designated 4K 4F. Later production vehicles were the 4K 3FA (230 hp) and the 4K 4FA (250 hp), which differed only in minor details such as their Sauer engines.
Fashion 4K operates under the Fashion One television network along with Fashion One 4K. Before Fashion 4K, Fashion One launched F.O. and Fashion First––both local variants of the network.
In February 2016, Univision trialed 4K by producing a closed circuit telecast of a football friendly between the national teams of Mexico and Senegal from Miami in the format. The broadcast was streamed privately to several special viewing locations. Univision aimed to develop a 4K streaming app to publicly televise the final of Copa América Centenario in 4K.[86][87][88] In March 2016, DirecTV and CBS Sports announced that they would produce the "Amen Corner" supplemental coverage from the Masters golf tournament in 4K.[89][90]
So while 4K UHD sounds like it has a pixel structures with 1/4 the area of 1080p, that does not happen with pixel shifting. Only a true 4K projector offers that level of resolution. That's why "true" 4K projectors cost so much more than 4K UHD projectors with otherwise similar feature sets. They produce smaller pixels, finer resolution, no compromising of detail or color from overlapping pixels. By comparison, the slight difference in aspect ratio between DCI and 3840×2160 pixel displays without overlap is insignificant relative to the amount of detail.
On June 23, 2017, Stingray Digital announced the upcoming launch of unnamed television channel that will broadcast music videos in 4K resolution; a third 4K channel in the Stingray portfolio including Stingray Ambiance 4K and Stingray Festival 4K.
Dome Productions, a joint venture of Bell Media and Rogers Media (the respective owners of TSN and Sportsnet), constructed a "side-by-side" 4K mobile production unit shared by Sportsnet and TSN's first 4K telecasts; it was designed to operate alongside a separate HD truck and utilize cameras capable of output in both formats.[83] For the opening game of the 2016 Toronto Blue Jays season, Dome constructed "Trillium"– a production truck integrating both 4K and 1080i high-definition units.[84] Bell Media's CTV also broadcast the 2016 Juno Awards in 4K as the first awards show presented in the format.[85]