Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that can help answer the question.
Query: When did the Moors first invade Spain?
In 711, troops mostly formed by Moors from northern Africa led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. The Iberian peninsula then came to be known in Classical Arabic as al-Andalus, which at its peak included most of Septimania and modern-day Spain and Portugal.
Moore had his first taste of acting 1987 by appearing in the horror film "Angel Heart". Moore did not appear on the big screen again until 2013 when he had a cameo in another horror film, 
"The Last Exorcism Part II". Moore also guest starred in a few episodes of "Treme" during 2010.
In 1064, Sancho Ramírez, King of Aragón, and his Frankish Christian forces, led by William VIII of Aquitaine and Le Bon Normand, invaded the city, which at the time was part of the emir of Zaragoza. This attack was known as the Siege of Barbastro. Contemporary sources state that 50,000 people died in the attack, but modern historians view this as an exaggeration since the whole population of the town did not exceed 2,000. The following year, however, it was reconquered by the Moors. In 1101 it was conquered by Peter I of Aragon, who made it a bishopric seat. Barbastro since then followed the history of Aragon and Spain.
It was at the 1964 championships that Lee first met Taekwondo master Jhoon Goo Rhee. The two developed a friendship – a relationship from which they benefited as martial artists. Rhee taught Lee the side kick in detail, and Lee taught Rhee the "non-telegraphic" punch.
Lee appeared at the 1967 Long Beach International Karate Championships and performed various demonstrations, including the famous "unstoppable punch" against USKA world Karate champion Vic Moore. Lee allegedly told Moore that he was going to throw a straight punch to the face, and all he had to do was to try to block it. Lee took several steps back and asked if Moore was ready. When Moore nodded in affirmation, Lee glided towards him until he was within striking range. He then threw a straight punch directly at Moore's face, and stopped before impact. In eight attempts, Moore failed to block any of the punches. However, Moore and grandmaster Steve Mohammed claim that Lee had first told Moore that he was going to throw a straight punch to the body, which Moore blocked. Lee attempted another punch, and Moore blocked it as well. The third punch, which Lee threw to Moore's face, did not come nearly within striking distance. Moore claims that Lee never successfully struck Moore but Moore was able to strike Lee after trying on his own. Moore further claims that Bruce Lee said he was the fastest American he's ever seen and that Lee's media crew repeatedly played the one punch towards Moore's face that did not come within striking range, allegedly in an attempt to preserve Lee's superstar image. However, when viewing the video of the demonstration, it is clear that Mohammed and especially Moore were erroneous in their claims.
Similar to the Moor-Christian confrontation of the "morisca"—whether in Spain or in transplanted versions in Central America—there are also elaborate ritual dances in Mexico such as the "Danza de la Pluma" that exploit the trauma of the Spanish conquest of indigenous America. Weapons employed may be swords (and shields) whips, even firearms. These representations take place over a large area of Mesoamerica and, in part, are an obvious adaptation of Spanish tradition, but in Mexico will pit the native Aztec against the Spanish invader. The most interesting aspect of these dances is that—depending on where one sees them and under what conditions—it is plausible to read into the dances an outcome other than the historical Spanish victory. That is, indigenous performers may take inspiration from the fact that the natives of Spain drove out the Moorish invaders; thus, the natives of Mesoamerica, too, shall one day drive out the invaders.
The province enjoyed great prominence during the Roman empire when Mérida was made one of the capital cities. When the Visigoth period ended and the Moors had invaded Spain, the Ibn-al-Aftas dynasty established a great cultural and scientific centre in the province. Many of the explorers who set out to conquer the New World under Alfonso IX were from this province.
Christian Moore and Owen Seyler were recent college graduates when they were rooming together in 1994. Moore was working on the design of what was at first a set of miniature rules, and formed the game company Last Unicorn Games with Seyler, Greg Ormand, and Bernie Cahill to publish the game. Instead of a miniatures game, Moore's game eventually became a new roleplaying game, "" (1994), and was the initial fantasy game produced by Last Unicorn. Moore, Seyler, and new employee Ross Isaacs did the initial work on the "Icon" system for the "" (1998). Moore was an old friend of Peter Adkison, and when Last Unicorn was having financial troubles, Wizards of the Coast purchased the company in July 2000. Last Unicorn was still led by Moore when Decipher, Inc. purchased Last Unicorn in 2001. Moore aided George Vasilakos and M. Alexander Jurkat with the "Buffy the Vampire Slayer Roleplaying Game" (2002). Moore and Seyler later worked for Upper Deck.
Fort Charles was built in 1655.
In 1654, Jamaica was under Spanish control and Spain was at war with England. Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, sent an expedition to invade the Spanish island Hispaniola. When the expedition failed, its leaders did not want to return home in shame. They turned their attention to capturing Jamaica, which was poorly defended. The buccaneer Henry Morgan was a member of the invading force led by Penn and Venables. By May 1655, the English gained control of the island, and began construction of Fort Cromwell to defend their new acquisition.
The book is anti-patriotic, anti-Catholic, and anti-Spanish, at least of Spain as it viewed and celebrated itself during the Francoist State. (Until Francisco Franco's death in 1975, the novel could not be published in Spain.) The Roman philosopher Seneca, a national hero, is singled out for particularly harsh criticism and satire. In an amusement park the narrator enters a large model of the vagina of Isabel la Católica, Spain's most Catholic queen. He delights in Don Julián's facilitating the rape of Spanish virgins by the invading Moors. At one point he considers how to infect the whole country with syphilis. The protagonist, who lives in Morocco (as did Goytisolo), seeks revenge on Spain, the country that cast him out, by destroying its literature, religion, cultural beliefs, myths, and language.
The Audiencia did assume responsibility for the defense of the Philippines on many occasions, such as in 1607, when it maintained the defense of Manila and Cavite against the Dutch, or between 1762 and 1764, when Oidor Simón de Anda y Salazar assumed military power on behalf of the Audiencia, organizing and maintaining a defense against the British who had invaded Manila, a move that was later approved by the King of Spain.
The town was ruled by the Moors and the Romans, with the Moors invading and controlling the town from 929 AD until 1485, when the Christians looted and retook control of Coín.
Southey's story of Roderick originally described Pelayo as the hero of the story and his enemy, Roderick, last Visigoth king, as the villain. However, Roderick was portrayed a more sympathetic life as the story changed focus from the focus on Spain to the focus on the tragedy of Roderick. The Visigoths, original rulers of Spain, fall under the invading Moors, which was provoked by the rape of Florinda by Roderick. However, the fall of the Visigoths was also due to internal strife and political disorder. In particular, there was disorder with the ascension of Roderick to the Spanish throne, as Roderick attained it after his father, Theodofred, was blinded by his uncle Witiza. During this time, Pelayo, cousin to Roderick and whose father was killed by Witiza at the prompting of his traitorous mother Favila, fled for his life from Spain. When Roderick takes over, he defends Witiza and spares his other relatives, but the survivors along with Count Julian also aid the Moors in invading Spain.
After the Moors lost control of Spain, King Philip II made treaties with them allowing them to practice their religion if they gave up their sovereignty, signing the Treaty of Granada in 1491. The Catholic monarchs however, abrogated the treaties and threatened to expel the Moors if they did not become Christians. The Moors did so, but continued speaking Arabic, and using Aljamiado alphabet for spoken Spanish. Some followed Islam in secret (Crypto-Islam). They were later referred to as "Moriscos", Moors and their descendants who converted to Christianity rather than be expelled. Religious conversion was simply not enough for the Catholic monarchs. Phillip II implemented a policy to fully assimilate the Moriscos into the Christian Spanish population and eliminate Moorish and Arab culture from Spain. The Moriscos were forced to abandon their Arabic names and adopt a completely Hispanized heritage and give up their children to be educated by priests. Philip II also made speaking Arabic illegal in the kingdom, ordered all Arabic texts to be burned, and banned Moorish attire. After a failed revolt by Morisco leader Aben Humeya (or Ibn Umayyah) in 1568, the Christian monarchs expelled the Moriscos from Spain. Many of these Moriscos headed for North Africa, mainly in Morocco, where many of their descendants settled.
In "Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations", R. C. Bell writes that "when the Moors invaded Spain they took El-quirkat with them". Rules are included in "Libro de los juegos" ("Book of games") commissioned by Alfonso X of Castile in the 13th century.
When Joseph Hoag, the well-known Quaker preacher from New York and New England, visited the Canadian Maritimes in 1801 and 1802, he stayed with Moore's family, and took Samuel with him on his journeys. In his journal, Hoag recorded that Moore "made an agreeable companion." Between excursions, he stayed in the Moore home, and reported that the Quaker meetings "were held half the time at Samuel Moore's." Hoag recorded that when he became quite sick, he convalesced at the Moore home for the first three months of 1802, and "was brought near the grave" but did recover and returned to the United States on April 23 of that year.
The Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición Española) can be interpreted as a response to the multi-religious nature of Spanish society following the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslim Moors. After invading in 711, large areas of the Iberian Peninsula were ruled by Muslims until 1250, when they were restricted to Granada, which fell in 1492. However, the Reconquista did not result in the total expulsion of Muslims from Spain, since they, along with Jews, were tolerated by the ruling Christian elite. Large cities, especially Seville, Valladolid and Barcelona, had significant Jewish populations centered in Juderia, but in the coming years the Muslims were increasingly subjugated by alienation and torture.
Spain did make plans for defence of the country. Initially, the mass of the Spanish army was stationed in southern Spain in case of Allied attack from Gibraltar during 1940 and 1941. However, Franco ordered the divisions to gradually redeploy in the Pyrenees as Axis interest in Gibraltar grew. By the time it became clear that the Allies were gaining the upper hand, Franco had amassed all his troops on the French border and was assured that the Allies did not wish to invade Spain.
1984 saw the introduction of the Tandy "Cosmic 3000 Fire Away" game. Like the first two games, this was a licensed product from Gakken and thus it used the same basic styling as its fore bearers. Gakken marketed their game as "Galaxy Invader 2000". The tiers were reduced to six and included the missile station, a "barrier", and four invader zones. The points were also changed so that, tier depending, the player could earn 100, 200, or 300 points depending on where he or she hit the invader. Gone was the UFO. The player could only have 1 missile in flight on the board at one time but there were barriers which were destroyed when hit by invader bombs (much like Space Invaders) and these barriers would renew once a wave of invaders was destroyed. Unlike "Space Invaders", the player's missiles did not destroy the barrier. There were only two difficulty modes rather than three. To win, the player needed to achieve 10,000 points (which the game could display). The player lost when all three missile stations were destroyed. Unlike the previous games, the player did not lose when the invader reached the bottom of the screen. Akin to the popular arcade game Galaga, the invader would reappear at the top of the game screen and continue to attack. The game required four C batteries but could also use an AC adapter. Retail price was $39.95.
According to tradition, this relic is part of the True Cross that the Empress Saint Helena unearthed in Jerusalem. From there, Saint Turibius of Astorga, Custodian of the Holy Places, took it to the cathedral of his hometown in Astorga, Spain, where he was soon made bishop. When the Moors invaded Spain in 711, the relic was hidden along with others in a fold on Mount Viorna in the Liebana Valley, next to St. Turibius' relics. Both relics were eventually transferred to the monastery that immediately became an important place to be visited by pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela. Documents dated 1507 state that, "since time immemorial" the Jubilee is celebrated every time the saint's feast-day falls on a Sunday.
In 1764, an almanac called "The Irish Merlin" burst onto the scene. It was published by Theophilus Moore, known henceforth to generations of Irish people as “Old Moore.” But when it was first published, this almanac did not bear the compiler's name, but it was indeed the first "Old Moore's Almanac". There was a good reason why Theophilus did not put his name to the "Irish Merlin". At the time, the Catholic faith was actively being quashed, and Theophilus, a convinced Catholic, wanted to publish anonymously so he could be free to be completely Catholic in the "Irish Merlin", without attracting undue attention from authorities to his entrepreneurial efforts.
The region has been invaded by many groups through its history: Moors, Romans, Germanic tribes, as well as kingdoms in Spain. In 1620, the sovereign state of Béarn, in which the valley was located, was annexed by the kingdom of France. During the Peninsular War in 1808, the troops of Napoleon passed through the valley while invading Spain.
The Romans arrived in the Iberian Peninsula during the Second Punic War in the 2nd century BC, and annexed it under Augustus after 200 years of war with the Celtic and Iberian tribes (from whom they copied the short sword known as "falcata"). As a result of Roman colonization, the majority of local languages, with the exception of Basque, stem from the Vulgar Latin. In the 5th century, the Visigoths (a Germanic tribe from central Europe) settled in modern-day Spain, dominating the Iberian Peninsula until 711, when the invading Moors defeated King Roderic. Following the eight century Christian Reconquista against the Moors, the modern Spanish state was formed with the union of the Kingdoms of Castille and Aragon, the conquest of the last Muslim Nasrid Kingdom of Granada and the Canary Islands in the late 15th century. In the early 16th century the Kingdom of Navarre was also conquered. As Spain expanded its empire in the Americas, religious minorities in Spain such as Jews and Muslims were either converted or expelled and the Catholic church fiercely persecuted heresy during a period known as the Spanish Inquisition. A small number of Spaniards descend from converted Jewish and North Africans, as a result of the 800 years of Moorish occupation of Spain.
When The Moors Ruled In Europe is a documentary movie presented by the English historian Bettany Hughes. It is a two-part series on the contribution the Moors made to Europe during their 700-year reign in Spain and Portugal ending in the 15th century. It was first broadcast on Channel 4 Saturday 5 November 2005. and was filmed in the Spanish region of Andalusia, mostly in the cities of Granada, Cordoba and the Moroccan city of Fes.
The picture depicts the legend of King Roderic of Spain spying on Florinda la Cava and the other palace girls while they bathe in a garden in Toledo, in order to decide the fairest. After Roderic selects and courts Florinda, her father takes revenge by inviting the Moors to invade and conquer Spain. A replica of the painting was given to Prince Albert by Queen Victoria in 1852.
Moore's directorial debut was scheduled to be the first episode of "Battlestar Galactica" following the final season's mid-season cliffhanger, which he would also have written. Though the writers' strike did halt production on the fourth season of "Battlestar Galactica", work did resume and the show concluded on March 20, 2009. When the Writers Guild began their strike, Moore felt it was inappropriate to continue to communicate to fans using the "official" blog he maintained on the Scifi Channel website. As a result, he chose to start a personal website and blog, rondmoore.com, so that he could continue to freely comment on the situation without violating the terms of his membership in the Writers Guild. When the strike ended, Moore continued his commentary via his personal web site and blog.