Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant passages that can help answer the question.
Query: When was Stockholm founded?
Stockholm[lower-alpha 1] is the capital of Sweden and the most populous urban area in the Nordic countries;[lower-alpha 2] 960,031 people live in the municipality,[9] approximately 1.5 million in the urban area,[5] and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.[10] The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County.
This is a list of Governors for Stockholm County of Sweden. Stockholm County separated from Uppland County, the first time from 1641 to 1654, and then finally in 1719. The City of Stockholm was separately governed by the Over-Governor of Stockholm until 1967, when it was integrated into Stockholm County. The governors reside in Tessin Palace.
IFK was founded in Stockholm by two young students (Louis Zettersten and Pehr Ehnemark) that wanted to create a sports association, consisting of a main club in Stockholm with smaller clubs in other parts of the country. This was in a time when no nationwide sports organization or other larger associations existed. An advertisement in the youth paper "Kamraten" (The Comrade) that was published 1 February 1895 called forth all sports interested boys and girls in Sweden to join the society. Less than two months later, clubs in Luleå, Härnösand, Uppsala, Jönköping, Gothenburg and Västerås had been founded, aside the main club in Stockholm. It was decided to name the society after the paper that made the creation possible.
According to the Chronicle of Eric, written in the 1320s, Stockholm was founded by Birger Jarl around 1250 as a lock to the Lake Mälaren region ("laas fore then sio", "lock before that lake") in order to prevent pirates from reaching the seven cities and nineteen parishes around it. Another medieval source ("Visbyannalerna"), however, claims the city was founded in 1187 following a pagan pillaged the city of Sigtuna, and as there was an "Earl" named Birger around at that time too, the disputed origin of the city are likely to remain obscure and some historians choose a diplomatic interpretation saying there was some sort of fortification around by the mouth of lake Mälaren when the city was founded during the second half of the 13th century. As Snorri mentions no city in his account but some sort of fortification called a "kastali" (in various manuscripts curiously said to be located east and west of "Stocksund"), it has generally been assumed this fortification eventually developed into the castle Tre Kronor located where still is the Stockholm Palace.
The club's first stadium was Stockholms idrottspark where the club played from 1899 when the football department was founded until 1906 when the club moved to the newly built Östermalm Athletic Grounds. Djurgården did not stay long at Östermalm, in August 1910 the club signed a 25-year contract with the Stockholm City Council to dispose of an area in Traneberg, a district west of the inner city, to build a stadium. Tranebergs Idrottsplats was finished in October 1911 and inaugurated by Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf. The contract expired in 1935, and the City Council intended to build a residential area where the stadium was situated. Djurgården therefore moved to the Stockholm Olympic Stadium in 1936, where the club had played previously on several occasions since it was finished in 1912.
It's reasonable to assume, Birger jarl's primary interest when founding Stockholm, not only was to strengthen his own domestic and international position, but that he was also aiming at a general economic expansion. As Sweden just had experienced more than 50 years of continuous warfare between rivalling political parties, it was at this time hardly able to produce the economical resources required to build an entire city. Furthermore, Sweden could not yet present a single city in the continental sense of the word, and it therefore seem unreasonable to assume the king could have been able to build a city from scratch by himself. He did, however, achieve an agreement with Lübeck where he invited Germans to settle in Sweden "as Swedes" and promised them generous benefits if they did. While no surviving document can confirm Stockholm was found, planned and built by Germans, their increasing presence in Swedish historical records coincide with the development of mining in Sweden. So, whether Birger jarl truly is the founder of Stockholm or not, its initial growth undoubtedly starts with him.
In 1990 Björkman founded IBP Fondkommission AB, the first company to introduce structured financial instruments to Scandinavia . When he moved to Geneva in 1996 to start a similar venture, the company had brokerage offices in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Oslo and Helsinki. When operations were sold to the Swiss banking group EFG in 2001, Björkman became Chairman of the Board, of what became the EFG Investment Bank in Stockholm .
Stockholms Enskilda Bank, sometimes called Enskilda banken or SEB, was a Swedish bank, founded in 1856 by André Oscar Wallenberg as Stockholm's first private bank. In 1857, Stockholms Enskilda Bank began to employ women, claiming to be the first bank in the world doing so.
Folkoperan is an opera house in Stockholm, Sweden, founded by Claes Fellbom in 1976. It is located in Stockholm at in a popular southern district of Stockholm called Södermalm.
Ten years after the opening of Collegium Regium Stockholmense it was shut down with most of its professors transferring to the revived University of Uppsala. Research and higher education in the sciences has an unbroken history since the 18th century, when an incomplete education in medicine was started under the auspices of the Collegium Medicorum {= Collegium medicum) and various research institutions (such as the Stockholm Observatory) were founded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The medical education was eventually formalized in the form of the Karolinska Institutet, founded in 1811. The Royal Institute of Technology ("Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan", or "KTH") was founded in 1827 and is currently Scandinavia's largest higher education institute of technology with 13,000 students. Stockholm University was founded in 1878 as a small municipal/private venture, but received university status and part of the state university system in 1960. As of 2004 it has 35,000 students. It has taken over many of the institutions founded by the Academy of Sciences, such as the Observatory, the Swedish Museum of Natural History, and the botanical garden Bergianska trädgården. The Stockholm School of Economics, founded in 1909, is one of few private institutions of higher education in Sweden.
Stockholms Auktionsverk (Swedish for "Stockholm's Auction House"), founded in 1674 in Sweden, is the world's oldest auction house.
Gisela Dietz founded the English School, which initially occupied a Djurgården campus, in 1951. The school had 58 students from 15 countries by the end of that year. The school was renamed to Anglo-American School of Stockholm in 1964. The student body numbered 288 by 1967, when it moved to its current location.
On January 1, 2011 the two academies Dramatiska institutet (the Dramatic Institute/University College of Film, Radio, Television and Theatre) and Teaterhögskolan i Stockholm (Swedish National Academy of Dramatic Arts/Stockholm Academy of Dramatic Arts) founded a new academy: Stockholms dramatiska högskola, Stockholm Academy of Dramatic Arts (SADA).
SBS had a modest beginning at the end of the 1950s when Stockholm School of Economics offered a dozen study places to students at the Stockholm College (the University was founded in 1960). As interest from students was high, the number of study places however multiplied rapidly and the courses offered increased in number and content.
Education in Stockholm goes back to 1583, when the small college Collegium Regium Stockholmense was founded in by King John III in Stockholm, Sweden.
Research and higher education in the sciences started in Stockholm in the 18th century, with education in medicine and various research institutions such as the Stockholm Observatory. The medical education was eventually formalized in 1811 as Karolinska Institutet. The Royal Institute of Technology (Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, or KTH) was founded in 1827 and is currently Scandinavia's largest higher education institute of technology with 13,000 students. Stockholm University, founded in 1878 with university status granted in 1960, has 52,000 students as of 2008. It also incorporates many historical institutions, such as the Observatory, the Swedish Museum of Natural History, and the botanical garden Bergianska trädgården. The Stockholm School of Economics, founded in 1909, is one of the few private institutions of higher education in Sweden.
Stockholm i mitt hjärta ("Stockholm In My Heart") is a Swedish vispop song by Lasse Berghagen who wrote it when Ulf Adelsohn wanted a new song about Stockholm when he became governor of Stockholm County in 1992.
The orchestra was founded in 1902 as the Stockholm Concert Society ("Stockholms Konsertföreningens orkester"). It became a permanent ensemble in 1914. Since 1926, it has been based at Stockholm Concert Hall (Konserthuset). Starting in 1937, Radiotjänst (now Swedish Radio) utilized the orchestra as its main broadcast orchestra, in lieu of having its own in-house orchestra. In 1957, it was renamed the Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra ("Stockholms Filharmoniska Orkester"). In 1992 it acquired its present name, with patronage from the Swedish royal family.
Eniro AB is a Nordic company offering search services and directory assistance 118118 in several countries. Its headquarters are located in Stockholm, Sweden. The company was founded in 2000 when it acquired Telia's telephone directory and online services. Eniro is a former member of the OMX Stockholm 30 index.
The Stockholm Observatory (, 050) is an astronomical observatory and institution in Stockholm, Sweden, founded in the 18th century and today part of Stockholm University. In 1931, the new Stockholm Observatory (, 052), nicknamed "Saltis", was inaugurated on the Karlsbaderberget at Saltsjöbaden, near Stockholm, and operated until 2001.
The Stockholm Institute of Education (Swedish: "Lärarhögskolan i Stockholm") was a university college in Stockholm, Sweden that was founded in 1956. It was incorporated into Stockholm University on January 1, 2008.
The oldest building in Stockholm is the Riddarholmskyrkan from the late 13th century. After a fire in 1697 when the original medieval castle was destroyed, Stockholm Palace was erected in a baroque style. Storkyrkan Cathedral, the episcopal seat of the Bishop of Stockholm, stands next to the castle. It was founded in the 13th century but is clad in a baroque exterior dating to the 18th century.
The first company was founded in 1915 and owned by the City of Stockholm to coordinate and operate public transport within the City. In 1967 the public transport in the entire Stockholm County was coordinated and the company changed its name to (SL) and its ownership was transferred to the Stockholm County Council.
Järfälla Hockey Club, often known by its initials JHC, is an ice hockey club based in Järfälla, Stockholm, Sweden. It was founded in 1976 when the clubs Jakobsbergs GoIF and IK Bele assembled their senior and junior sections. The club is one of the biggest in Stockholm with over 350 players. Järfälla HC plays their home games at Järfälla Ishall. 
Stockholms Fotbollförbund, commonly referred to as Stockholms FF, is the governing body for football in Stockholm County (except some peripherical municipalities). The Association was founded on 29 March 1917 when 49 teams registered with the organisation. In the last decade the number of senior clubs has been well over 500 clubs. There is currently 450 member clubs. Based in Solna, Stockholm, the Association's Chairman is Sune Jerry Reinhold.