Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that can help answer the question.
Query: Where is firewood banksia found as a native plant?
First described by the botanist Robert Brown in the early 19th century, no separate varieties of Banksia menziesii are recognised. It is found in Western Australia, from the Perth (32° S) region north to the Murchison River (27° S), and generally grows on sandy soils, in scrubland or low woodland. Banksia menziesii provides food for a wide array of invertebrate and vertebrate animals; birds and in particular honeyeaters are prominent visitors. A relatively hardy plant, Banksia menziesii is commonly seen in gardens, nature strips and parks in Australian urban areas with Mediterranean climates, but its sensitivity to dieback from the soil-borne water mould Phytophthora cinnamomi makes it short-lived in places with humid summers, such as Sydney. Banksia menziesii is widely used in the cut flower industry both in Australia and overseas.
During data collection for "The Banksia Atlas" project, a single presumed natural hybrid between "B. prionotes" and "B. lindleyana" (porcupine banksia), with fruit like "B. lindleyana" but leaves intermediate between the two parents, was found north of Kalbarri National Park. At the time this was considered an important discovery, as the parent species were thought not to be closely related. Mast's analyses, however, place them both in a clade of eight species, though "B. lindleyana" remains less closely related to "B. prionotes" than "B. hookeriana". Hybrids of "B. prionotes" with "B. menziesii" (firewood banksia) have also been produced by artificial means, and presumed natural hybrids have been recorded.
The common name of firewood banksia was a result of its quick-burning properties.[13] Other names recorded include Menzies banksia,[14] firewheel banksia, port wine banksia, flame banksia, and in the cut flower industry, strawberry banksia and raspberry frost banksia.[15] The Beeloo Whadjuk Noongar people of the Perth region knew it as the Mungyt.[16] Despite its variation across its range, George noted that B.menziesii was a clearly defined species, and no formal division into subspecies was warranted.[3]
The southern plains banksia ("Banksia media"), also known as golden stalk banksia, is a species of shrub in the plant genus "Banksia". It occurs on the south coast of Western Australia between Albany and Israelite Bay, where it is a common plant. A many-branched bush with wedge-shaped serrated leaves and large golden-yellow flower spikes, known as inflorescences, it grows up to 10 metres (30 ft) high.
Banksia littoralis, commonly known as the swamp banksia, swamp oak, pungura and the western swamp banksia, is a tree in the plant genus "Banksia". It is found in south west Western Australia from the south eastern metropolitan area of Perth (31°6′S ) to the Stirling Range (approximately 34 ° S) and Albany (35 ° S). It is often mistaken for the River Banksia ("Banksia seminuda"), as they share many similar characteristics.
Meyrick beat the single known specimen from "Banksia sermta" and thought this was probably the host-plant. He also stated that he found nepticulid larvae on this plant, but failed to rear them. Moore (1966) illustrated vacated mines on "Banksia sermta" and "Banksia integrifolia", which he believed belonged to nepticulids. However, search in a number of localities during 1995 has failed to reveal any unequivocal sign of nepticulids on "Banksia" or any other genus of Proteaceae. Vacated mines on "Banksia sermta", identical to those illustrated by Moore, have been found in two localities, but they are considered unlikely to belong to Nepticulidae as the commencement of the linear mine is uncharacteristically broad, and the egg appears to be injected into the leaf tissues, and is not visible on the surface. No "Pectinivalva" has yet been reared from any family of plants other than Myrtaceae. The host plant is thus unknown, but probably a Myrtaceae species. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.
Banksia hookeriana, commonly known as Hooker's banksia, is a species of shrub of the genus "Banksia" in the family Proteaceae. It is native to the southwest of Western Australia and can reach up to high and wide. This species has long narrow serrated leaves and large, bright flower spikes, initially white before opening to a bright orange that appear over the cooler months. The flowers are pollinated by honeyeaters. The ageing flower spikes develop woody seed pods known as follicles. "B. hookeriana" is serotinous — large numbers of seeds are stored in the plant canopy for years until the plants are burnt by bushfire.
Hybridisation with "Banksia conferta" subsp. "penicillata" at the site of an old abandoned railway between Newnes and Clarence in the Blue Mountains has been recorded; a single "B. marginata" plant was surrounded by plants with intermediate features but more strongly resembling "B. conferta" subsp. "penicillata". "B. marginata" can also interbreed with "B. paludosa" where they are found together. A hybrid with "B. saxicola" was recorded from Mount William during the "Banksia Atlas" project.
Southwestern Australia is very rich in flora, with an estimated 8,000 species, a quarter of which can be found on this coastal strip. The traditional flora of the dunes and the fairly infertile plain was dense shrubby kwongan heathland adapted to the poor soils, dry summers, and regular fires. Kwongan vegetation contains a large number of endemic plant species, especially shrubs and wildflowers, including yellow flame and toothbrush grevilleas, fan-flowers, and cockies' tongues. The heath is scattered with woodland of "Banksia" and other trees including the red-blossomed quandong (desert peach) and firewood banksia. Going further inland, especially in river valleys where the soil is better, eucalyptus woodlands including tuart "(Eucalyptus gomphocephala)" occur. The wetlands meanwhile have been particularly important ecologically, supporting a rich habitat of many plant varieties.
Banksia menziesii, commonly known as firewood banksia, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Banksia. It is a gnarled tree up to 10m (33ft) tall, or a lower spreading 1–3m (3.3–9.8ft) shrub in the more northern parts of its range. The serrated leaves are dull green with new growth a paler grey green. The prominent autumn and winter inflorescences are often two-coloured red or pink and yellow, and their colour has given rise to more unusual common names such as port wine banksia and strawberry banksia. Yellow blooms are rarely seen.
The hairpin banksia ("Banksia spinulosa") is a species of woody shrub, of the genus "Banksia" in the family Proteaceae, native to eastern Australia. Widely distributed, it is found as an understorey plant in open dry forest or heathland from Victoria to northern Queensland, generally on sandstone though sometimes also clay soils. It generally grows as a small shrub to in height, though can be a straggly tree to . It has long narrow leaves with inflorescences which can vary considerably in coloration; while the spikes are gold or less commonly yellowish, the emergent styles may be a wide range of colours – from black, purple, red, orange or yellow.
Vulnerable plants typically die within a few years of infection. In southwest Western Australia, where dieback infestation is widespread, infested areas of "Banksia" forest typically have less than 30% of the cover of uninfested areas. Plant deaths in such large proportions can have a profound influence on the makeup of plant communities. For example, in southwestern Australia "Banksia" often occurs as an understorey to forests of Jarrah ("Eucalyptus marginata"), another species highly vulnerable to dieback. Infestation kills both the Jarrah overstorey and the original "Banksia" understorey, and over time these may be replaced by a more open woodland consisting of an overstorey of the resistant Marri ("Corymbia calophylla"), and an understorey of the somewhat resistant "Banksia sessilis" (Parrotbush).
Two species of "Banksia" are found on Mount Henry Peninsula, "B. attenuata" (candlestick banksia) and "B. menziesii" (firewood banksia). "B. attenuata" flowers from spring into summer and the "B. menziesii" flowering occurs in autumn and winter, the presence of both these species on Mount Henry Peninsula means that at any time during an annual period, at least one of the species of "Banksia" will be in flower, This is a major factor in the support of Mount Henry Peninsula's bird population.
A rare plant, "Banksia aculeata" is found in gravelly soils in elevated areas. Native to a habitat burnt by periodic bushfires, it is killed by fire and regenerates from seed afterwards. In contrast to other Western Australian banksias, it appears to have some resistance to the soil-borne water mould "Phytophthora cinnamomi".
Specimens of "Banksia" were first collected by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr Daniel Solander, naturalists on the "Endeavour" during Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook's first voyage to the Pacific Ocean. Cook landed on Australian soil for the first time on 29 April 1770, at a place that he later named Botany Bay in recognition of "the great quantity of plants Mr Banks and Dr Solander found in this place". Over the next seven weeks, Banks and Solander collected thousands of plant specimens, including the first specimens of a new genus that would later be named "Banksia" in Banks' honour. Four species were present in this first collection: "B. serrata" (Saw Banksia), "B. integrifolia" (Coast Banksia), "B. ericifolia" (Heath-leaved Banksia) and "B. robur" (Swamp Banksia). In June the ship was careened at Endeavour River, where specimens of "B. dentata" (Tropical Banksia) were collected.
Almost all "Banksia" species studied so far have shown outcrossing rates among the highest ever recorded for plants; that is, very few "Banksia" plants are found to occur as a result of self-fertilisation. There are a number of potential reasons for this:
Banksia sphaerocarpa" var. "dolichostyla, commonly known as Ironcap Banksia, is a plant which is either considered a variety of "Banksia sphaerocarpa", or as a species in its own right. It is native to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia. Seeds do not require any treatment, and take around 33 days to germinate.
Banksia petiolaris is a species of flowering plant of the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia, where it is found in sandy soils in the south coastal regions from Munglinup east to Israelite Bay. It was first described by Victorian state botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1864, and no subspecies are recognised. "B. petiolaris" is one of several closely related species that all grow as prostrate shrub, with horizontal stems and thick, leathery upright leaves. Those of this species can be viable for up to 13 years—the longest-lived of any flowering plant recorded. It bears yellow cylindrical flower spikes, known as inflorescences, up to high in spring. As the spikes age, they turn grey and develop up to 20 woody seed pods, known as follicles, each.
The range of "Banksia plagiocarpa" is limited to Hinchinbrook Island, where it is found on the top and slopes of Mount Bowen and Nina Peak, and the adjacent mainland on the Queensland north coast, where it is found on the summit and slopes of Bishops Peak. The annual rainfall is . The habitat is either open woodland or grassland, and it can be the dominant shrub. The altitude it grows at on Hinchinbrook is between , on gravelly, rocky or clay soils, and in association with such plants as tantoon ("Leptospermum polygalifolium") and she-oaks ("Casuarina"), as well as "Banksia aquilonia" at lower altitudes below . On the mainland, it is found in a more sandy soil, often near water.
"Banksia dentata" responds to bushfire by resprouting from its woody lignotuber although, unlike other members of the Salicinae, it lacks dormant buds at its base. It was described by amateur botanist and banksia enthusiast Alf Salkin as resembling an "upturned parsnip". Plant communities where it is found are subject to periodic bushfires, and it can become more dominant if fires occur often.
Alex George described the plant in his 1981 monograph of the genus "Banksia" as a variety of "Banksia integrifolia", but later reclassified it as a separate species. Genetic studies show it to be related to "Banksia plagiocarpa", "Banksia oblongifolia" and "Banksia robur". The species is found in wet sclerophyll forest and rainforest margins on sandy soils. "Banksia aquilonia" regenerates after bushfire by regrowing from epicormic buds under its bark. It is rarely cultivated.
The reserve showcases a wide range of Australian native plants from around Australia in planted theme gardens including an acacia garden, sun-loving plants, rainforest, silver foliage garden, bush tucker, shade garden, fern garden and lily garden. The reserve also includes an unplanted natural area showing the original remnant Sydney sandstone vegetation. Over 600 plants are labelled with their botanical name. See the list here. 
The reserve includes most of the local east coast banksias including "Banksia aemula", "Banksia ericifolia", "Banksia integrifolia", "Banksia marginata", "Banksia oblongifolia", "Banksia paludosa", "Banksia plagiocarpa", "Banksia robur", "Banksia serrata" and "Banksia spinulosa". Western Australian species growing at the reserve include "Banksia blechnifolia" and "Banksia repens". For more on local banksias see and.
The agile antechinus ("Antechinus agilis"), bush rat ("Rattus fuscipes"), feathertail glider ("Acrobates pygmaeus"), and sugar glider ("Petaurus breviceps") have been recorded visiting flower spikes. Both pollen and nectar are consumed by the southwestern pygmy possum ("Cercarteus concinnus"). Ants, bees (both native and European honeybees), blowflies and brown butterflies have been recorded as visitors to flower spikes. The wasp "Mesostoa kerri" of the subfamily Mesostoinae within the family Braconidae causes stem galls on "B. marginata" in southeastern South Australia. The galls are either round to a diameter of , or cigar-shaped to . Their effect on the plant is unclear. "B. marginata" is a host plant for the larval and adult stages of the buprestid beetle "Cyrioides imperialis". Much more pathological is the banksia longicorn beetle ("Paroplites australis") which bores holes in the base of banksia plants which then weaken and fall or blow over with wind and die. Several species of fungus have been recorded growing on the foliage, including "Acrospermum gaubae", "Argopericonia elegans", "Asterina systema-solare", "Botryosphaeria banksiae", a species of "Cladosporium", "Cooksonomyces banksiae", "Dimerium banksiae", "Episphaerella banksiae", a "Periconiella" species, "Satchmopsis australiensis", "Tryssglobulus aspergilloides", and a species of "Veronaea".
Specimens of "Banksia" were first collected by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr Daniel Solander, naturalists on the "Endeavour" during Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook's first voyage to the Pacific Ocean. Cook landed on Australian soil for the first time on 29 April 1770, at a place that he later named Botany Bay in recognition of "the great quantity of plants Mr Banks and Dr Solander found in this place". Over the next seven weeks, Banks and Solander collected thousands of plant specimens, including the first specimens of a new genus that would later be named "Banksia" in Banks' honour. Four species were present in this first collection: "B. serrata" (Saw Banksia), "B. integrifolia" (Coast Banksia), "B. ericifolia" (Heath-leaved Banksia) and "B. robur" (Swamp Banksia). In June the ship was careened at Endeavour River, where specimens of "B. dentata" (Tropical Banksia) were collected.
Water milfoil grows abundantly in the lake. The fringing zone around the edge is characterised by the introduced bulrush "Typha orientalis" and the sedge "Baumea articulata". When water levels drop, the club-rush "Bolboschoenus caldwellii" becomes established on the exposed mudflats within the fringing zone, while behind it is a belt of "Baumea juncea" and "Baumea articulata" with emergent native broom and shrubs of orange wattle. Behind these is a belt of the trees flooded gum and stout paperbark, and the shrub grey stinkwood. On higher ground these are replaced by open forest or woodland dominated by jarrah, firewood banksia and candlestick banksia. Some 476 vascular plants (including 133 introduced weeds) from 81 families have been recorded in the reserve.