Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that can help answer the question.
Query: When did Carl Friedrich Gauss live?
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (/ɡaʊs/; German: Gauß [ˈkaɐ̯l ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɡaʊs](listen);[1][2] Latin: Carolus Fridericus Gauss; (30 April 1777–23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and sciences.[3] Sometimes referred to as the Princeps mathematicorum[4] (Latinfor "the foremost of mathematicians") and "the greatest mathematician since antiquity", Gauss had an exceptional influence in many fields of mathematics and science, and is ranked among history's most influential mathematicians.[5]
Though he did take in a few students, Gauss was known to dislike teaching. It is said that he attended only a single scientific conference, which was in Berlin in 1828. However, several of his students became influential mathematicians, among them Richard Dedekind and Bernhard Riemann.
In numerical analysis, Gauss–Jacobi quadrature (named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi) is a method of numerical quadrature based on Gaussian quadrature. Gauss–Jacobi quadrature can be used to approximate integrals of the form
The Gauss Lectureship ("Gauß-Vorlesung") is an annually awarded mathematical distinction, named in honor of Carl Friedrich Gauss. It was established in 2001 by the German Mathematical Society with a series of lectures for a broad audience.
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) was a German mathematician and physicist.
Carl Friedrich Gauss became the first director of the Observatory, and lived there between 1815 and 1855. Gauss arranged for the installation of two meridian circles (produced by Johann Georg Repsold and Georg Friedrich von Reichenbach in 1818 and 1919. 
Carl Friedrich Gauss, who also introduced the so called Gaussian logarithms, sometimes gets confused with Friedrich Gustav Gauss (1829–1915), a German geologist, who also published some well-known logarithm tables used up into the early 1980s.[75]
The method is named after the mathematicians Carl Friedrich Gauss and Isaac Newton, and first appeared in Gauss' 1809 work "Theoria motus corporum coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientum".
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) is the eponym of all of the topics listed below. 
There are over 100 topics all named after this German mathematician and scientist, all in the fields of mathematics, physics, and astronomy.
The theorem was first proved by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1823.
Weierstrass used this transform in his original proof of the Weierstrass approximation theorem. It is also known as the Gauss transform or Gauss–Weierstrass transform after Carl Friedrich Gauss and as the Hille transform after Einar Carl Hille who studied it extensively. The generalization "W" mentioned below is known in signal analysis as a Gaussian filter and in image processing (when implemented on R) as a Gaussian blur.
On Gauss's recommendation, Friedrich Bessel was awarded an honorary doctor degree from Göttingen in March 1811.[50] Around that time, the two men engaged in an epistolary correspondence.[51] However, when they met in person in 1825, they quarrelled; the details are unknown.[52]
Gauss's lemma can mean any of several lemmas named after Carl Friedrich Gauss:
In 2007 a bust of Gauss was placed in the Walhalla temple.[72]
The Carl Friedrich Gauss Prize for Applications of Mathematics is a mathematics award, granted jointly by the International Mathematical Union and the German Mathematical Society for "outstanding mathematical contributions that have found significant applications outside of mathematics". The award receives its name from the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. With its premiere in 2006, it is to be awarded every fourth year, at the International Congress of Mathematicians.
In physics, Gauss's law for gravity, also known as Gauss's flux theorem for gravity, is a law of physics that is essentially equivalent to Newton's law of universal gravitation. It is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss. Although Gauss's law for gravity is equivalent to Newton's law, there are many situations where Gauss's law for gravity offers a more convenient and simple way to do a calculation than Newton's law.
Gaussian elimination German inventors and discoverers List of things named after Carl Friedrich Gauss Romanticism in science Seconds pendulum
The case originally considered by Carl Friedrich Gauss was the quadratic Gauss sum, for the field of residues modulo a prime number , and the Legendre symbol. In this case Gauss proved that or for congruent to 1 or 3 modulo 4 respectively (the quadratic Gauss sum can also be evaluated by Fourier analysis as well as by contour integration).
The numerous things named in honor of Gauss include:
In general relativity, Gauss–Bonnet gravity, also referred to as Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity, is a modification of the Einstein–Hilbert action to include the Gauss–Bonnet term (named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Pierre Ossian Bonnet) formula_1
A student of Carl Friedrich Gauss and an assistant to Gauss at the university observatory, Goldschmidt frequently collaborated with Gauss on various mathematical and scientific works. Goldschmidt was in turn a professor of Gauss's protegé Bernhard Riemann. Data gathered by Gauss and Goldschmidt on the growth of the logarithmic integral compared to the distribution of prime numbers was cited by Riemann in "On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude", Riemann's seminal paper on the prime-counting function.
Carl Gauss was an ardent perfectionist and a hard worker. He was never a prolific writer, refusing to publish work which he did not consider complete and above criticism. This was in keeping with his personal motto pauca sed matura ("few, but ripe"). His personal diaries indicate that he had made several important mathematical discoveries years or decades before his contemporaries published them. Scottish-American mathematician and writer Eric Temple Bell said that if Gauss had published all of his discoveries in a timely manner, he would have advanced mathematics by fifty years.[49]
The "Gauss" expedition of 1901–1903 was the first German expedition to Antarctica. It was led by geologist Erich von Drygalski in the ship , named after the mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss.
In cartography, the term Gauss–Krüger, named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Johann Heinrich Louis Krüger, is used in three slightly different ways.
Evidence suggests that B.-I. Clasen also developed the Gauss–Jordan elimination method (independently from Jordan), and both published the method in 1888. Carl Friedrich Gauss did not directly contribute to either derivation.