Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that answer the question.
Query: Where is Taekwondo from?
Taekwondo was developed during the 1940s and 1950s by Korean martial artists with experience in martial arts such as karate, Chinese martial arts, and indigenous Korean martial arts traditions such as Taekkyeon, Subak, and Gwonbeop.[4][5] The oldest governing body for taekwondo is the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA), formed in 1959 through a collaborative effort by representatives from the nine original kwans, or martial arts schools, in Korea. The main international organisational bodies for taekwondo today are the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), founded by Choi Hong Hi in 1966, and the partnership of the Kukkiwon and World Taekwondo (WT, formerly WTF), founded in 1972 and 1973 respectively by the Korea Taekwondo Association. Gyeorugi ([kjʌɾuɡi]), a type of full-contact sparring, has been an Olympic event since 2000. The governing body for taekwondo in the Olympics and Paralympics is World Taekwondo.
Shortly after moving to Colorado Springs, Lee founded the US Taekwondo Center. In typical Lee fashion, he spared no expense. He wanted to build a world class dojang where Olympic athletes could train and where he could showcase Taekwondo to international athletic directors, especially those from Eastern European Bloc countries, when they came to visit the US Olympic Training Center. Lee took out a loan of $250,000 backed by Dr. Pejo, the father of three of his students, to purchase the building and do the renovations.
Dong Ja Yang was the Chairman of the AAU National Taekwondo Union from 1979-1984. From 1984-1988, Dong was a member of the Executive Board of the United States Olympic Committee. A PhD graduate in Counselling Psychology, Yang introduced Taekwondo to 77 colleges in the United States from 1977 to 1983. During these years he was essential in helping raise Taekwondo to an Olympic Status. He taught Taekwondo for 35 years at Howard University. In 1986, Dong Ja Yang asked Kim un-Yong to lower the black belt fee for Taekwondo, which resulted with his removal from the WTF Pan American Taekwondo Union. In 1988 three of his students earned medals in the Olympics in Taekwondo. They were Lynnette Love, Debra Holloway, and Sharon Jewell. He was presented with an award from Congressman Ralph Metcalfe for his work in bringing women to Taekwondo. At Howard University he hosted the Howard University Taekwondo Championships. In 2001, he filed a complaint against the United States Taekwondo Union. Dong was elected to the Taekwondo Hall of Fame and holds a 9th degree black belt.
Sport classes in Para Kyorugi and Para Poomsae respectively have a “K” and “P” prefix. Sport Classes for Para Taekwondo are as follow: 
As of August 2017, the WT has 208 Member National Associations from five continents.  There are five Continental Federations- European Taekwondo Union (ETU), African Taekwondo Union (AFTU), Asian Taekwondo Union (ATU), Oceania Taekwondo Union (OTU), Pan-American Taekwondo Union (PATU). Each Continental Federations is responsible for the administration, promotion and development of Para Taekwondo within its continent. 
Lee served as an assistant taekwondo coach for the USA at the 1988 Summer Olympics and as taekwondo coach for the USA at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He was also head coach of the Colorado Springs Olympic Training Center's Resident Athlete Program for taekwondo from 1988–1993. Lee has operated the US Taekwondo Center in Aina Haina from 1993 to early 2000 and has trained over 10,000 students. In 2004, he was removed from the position of taekwondo coach for the USA team due to compete at the Summer Olympics in Athens.
Lee has been passionately involved in the promotion of Taekwondo throughout the United States and served as USA Taekwondo (formerly US Taekwondo Union) president from 1997 to 2004. In 1992, Lee established the US Open Taekwondo Championships and founded the US Open Hanmadang in 2009.
World Taekwondo Poomsae Championships World Taekwondo Championships World Para Taekwondo Championships (since 2009)[67] World Taekwondo Cadet Championships World Taekwondo Junior Championships World Taekwondo Team Championships World Taekwondo Para Championships World Taekwondo Grand Prix World Taekwondo Beach Championships Olympic Games Paralympic Games (debut in 2020 Tokyo Paralympics)[68]
Taekwondo is a mix of Gwonbeop gym & Karate gyms. The following 5 Gwan gyms were the most famous & the earliest in Taekwondo history. Later, these became 9 Gwan/Kwan/Gyms (particularly with the Gwonbeop gym's expansion into 4 more Gwan/Kwan/Gym), which united in 1960's to become Taekwondo. Taekwondo is a mix of 4 Karate gyms & 5 Gwonbeop gyms. YMCA Gwonbeop Club's Gwonbeop was different from Karate; there is an old publication called "Pasa-Gwonbeop" by Cheolheui Park which contained what was taught at the YMCA Gwonbeop Club. It includes postures similar to Taekwondo/Karate such as Taekwondo/Karate punch (which already existed in 300 years old Muyedobotongji Gwonbeop pictures), but it also includes postures very different from Taekwondo/Karate (proving Gwonbeop lineage to Gwonbeop, not some other art).[37]
Taekwondo at the 2020 Summer Paralympics will be held at the Makuhari Messe; the same location where goalball, volleyball and wheelchair fencing will take place. This is the first time that taekwondo will be scheduled in the Summer Paralympic Games.
The mission of World Taekwondo is to provide effective international governance of Taekwondo as an Olympic sport and Paralympic sport. The envisioned objectives of World Taekwondo are to promote, expand, and improve worldwide the practice of taekwondo in light of its educational, cultural, and sports values (the "Taekwondo movement") and to promote fair play, youth development, and education as well as to encourage peace and cooperation though participation in sports. Moreover, World Taekwondo wants to promote or sanction international taekwondo competitions and relating to those World Taekwondo resolves to constantly improve technical rules regulating taekwondo competitions and poomsae competitions sanctioned or promoted by World Taekwondo, including the taekwondo event of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. Furthermore, World Taekwondo wants to take action in order to strengthen the unity and protect the interests of World Taekwondo and the Taekwondo Movement as well as to engage in other activities in support of the above objectives. World Taekwondo undertakes its missions and objectives in cooperation with independent affiliated organizations including World Taekwondo Academy, World Taekwondo Peace Corps, World Taekwondo Demonstration Team, Pro Taekwondo Federation, Global Taekwondo Support Federation and Taekwondo International Federation.
Taekwondo was developed from karate for use in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces from 1954. For this purpose, karate terminology needed to be "nationalized". The name "taekwondo" is due to shotokan practitioner and army general Choi Hong Hi. After the Korean War, Taekwondo was further developed into a purely sportive discipline, since 1973 overseen by the World Taekwondo Federation. 
During 1964-1966, Choi Hong Hi continued to promote taekwondo, working to put together a world-class exhibition team. Taekwondo's emphasis on jumping and flying kicks dates to this period. While taekwondo was based off karate, the structural changes made in the 1950s and 1960s were significant, and it cannot now be considered a branch of karate, but is a standalone modern martial art. Taekwondo was presented at the Summer Olympics as a demonstration sport in 1988 and 1992, and became an official Olympic discipline in 2000.
Park trained in his native Korea from early childhood. He attended Korea University and served in the Republic of Korea Marine Corps before being dispatched by the South Korean government as an emissary to Africa, where he began teaching taekwondo in Lesotho. In 1980 he settled in the United States, where he established himself as a prominent figure in taekwondo instruction. While worldwide study of the martial arts increased in popularity in the early 1970s, due in part to work of Bruce Lee, taekwondo was still largely unknown outside of Korea. In 1983 Park established the goal of increasing the popularity of the sport in a concerted movement towards having taekwondo become recognized as an official Olympic Sport. In response to the work of Park and other taekwondo leaders the International Olympic Committee granted the sport Demonstration Sport status in the 1988 and 1992 games and as a full medal sport, commencing with the 2000 games in Sydney, Australia.
Extreme Taekwondo - a complex version of World Taekwondo Ferderation, which combines elements from all Taekwondo styles, Tricking (martial arts), similarities from other martial arts Kun Gek Do[21] (also Gwon Gyokdo) - combines taekwondo and muay thai. Han Moo Do - Scandinavian martial art that combines taekwondo, hapkido, and hoi jeon moo sool. Han Mu Do - Korean martial art that combines taekwondo and hapkido. Teukgong Moosool - Korean martial art that combines elements of taekwondo, hapkido, judo, kyuk too ki, and Chinese martial arts. Yongmudo - developed at Korea's Yong-In University, combines taekwondo, hapkido, judo, and ssireum.
A student of the legendary Grand Master Dong Keun Park (undefeated Korean Champion and Head Coach of the USA Olympic Taekwondo Team at the Barcelona Olympics in 1992), he founded the NYU Sport Taekwondo Club, which he has coached and managed for three decades. Mark was the USA Taekwondo Forms Champion for 4th Degree Black Belts and higher in 1996 after winning the Silver Medal in 1995. At different times he has served as the Northeast Regional Director for the National Collegiate Taekwondo Association, as Vice President of the National Association of State Taekwondo Organizations and as Vice President of the NJ State Taekwondo Association. He was a Member of the Board of the East Coast Taekwondo Conference (formerly known as the Ivy/Northeast Collegiate Taekwondo League) from its founding in 1991 until he retired from the position in 2004. He is currently an 8th Degree Black Belt, certified by the World Taekwondo Headquarters (Kukkiwon) in South Korea, and recently received his 9th Dan from the Jidokwan, one of the original Kwans of Taekwondo. He has trained over one hundred students to the rank of Black Belt and beyond, including Master Albert Lee (6th Degree), who coached the NYU Team for 8 years and continues to run Mark's old Taekwondo school in New York City, the NY Jidokwan Center, and Master Andre Chi (5th Degree).
After retiring from her athletic career, Zhu Linfang started her current job as a college teacher in China since 2008 and as an international referee since 2009. As one of a few active international referees from China, Zhu has refereed in a series of international tournaments, including the World Taekwondo Championships (2015 Chelyabinsk), World Taekwondo Grand Prix (2014 Manchester, 2015 Samsun and 2016 Suzhou), the World Cadet Taekwondo Championships (2015 Muju), the World Junior Taekwondo Championships (2016 Burnaby), the Military World Games (2015 Mungyeong), the Military Taekwondo Championships (2014 Tehran), 2011 Summer Universiade (Shenzhen), the World University Taekwondo Championship (2010 Vigo, 2014 Hohhot), East Asian Games (2013 Tianjin), the Korea Open International Taekwondo Championships (2015 Chuncheon and 2016 Gyeongju) and the U.S. Open Taekwondo Championships (2016 Reno), etc.
ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting the spread of taekwondo internationally by stationing Korean taekwondo instructors around the world, and have consistently claimed that ITF-style taekwondo is the only authentic style of taekwondo, most notably in early sections of its textbooks. He was also the author of the first English taekwondo syllabus book, "Taekwon-Do", published by Daeha Publication Company in 1965. In 1972, Choi went into exile in Canada after the South Korean government objected to his introduction of the sport into North Korea, and the South Korea government formed the WTF in 1973. He moved again in 1979 to North Korea where he was welcomed by the government and supported in his project of spreading Taekwondo to the world. He was remembered as the founder and champion of taekwondo.
Taekwondo was introduced to India in 1975 by Jimmy R. Jagtiani. Jagtiani, who was born in Vietnam in 1955, had emigrated to Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh with his family to escape the Vietnam War. He founded the Taekwondo Federation of India on 2 August 1976, and is regarded as the father of taekwondo in India. The federation marked its first anniversary in 1977 with a demonstration of high power taekwondo techniques at the K.D. Singh Babu Indoor Stadium in Lucknow. The TFI received affiliation from the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) in 1979, the Asian Taekwondo Union (ATU) in 1982, the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) in 1985, and the South Asian Taekwondo Federation (SATF) in 1994.
César Rodríguez Luna (born in Mexico City) is a Mexican taekwondo practitioner and international medalist. He competed at the 1982 and 1983 World Taekwondo Championships, where he received a silver in each tournament. Rodríguez is a member of the Taekwondo Hall of Fame. He is the founder and president of Absolut Taekwondo Company in Mexico, served as President of Taekwondo in Tlalpan region of Mexico City, and is author of the book "Arte Taekwondo".
The 2018 World Taekwondo Grand Prix was the 6th edition of the World Taekwondo Grand Prix series. This was the first season where it was five Grand Prix events.
Trenton now contributes to the Global sport of Taekwondo as Director of Sports for Sports Taekwondo Australia and is Director of Be Taekwondo, a martial arts and fitness centre located in Brunswick East http://www.betaekwondo.com.au. Here Daniel contributes to his local community by conducting Taekwondo and fitness training for residents located in the areas from where he was raised. He holds the rank of 6th Dan.
World Taekwondo was established on May 28, 1973 at the inaugural meeting held at the Kukkiwon with participation of 35 representatives from the world after it separated from the International Taekwon-Do Federation because of political reasons. At that time, Un Yong Kim was elected president for a four-year term. One of the main Constituents of World Taekwondo, the Secretariat was formed on June 3, 1973 and began operating. On October 8, 1974 World Taekwondo was affiliated to the General Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF), now SportAccord. Until the 1980s, the European (May, 1976), the Asian (October, 1976), the Pan American (September, 1978) and the African (April, 1979) Taekwondo Unions inaugural meetings were held, while Oceania’s Taekwondo Union was not recognized as the 5th Continental Union of World Taekwondo until July 16, 2005. The recognition of the IOC towards World Taekwondo at its 83rd session in Moscow on July 17, 1980 was the cornerstone for their Cooperation. Thereupon Taekwondo participated in the 24th Olympic Games at Changchung Gymnasium in Seoul, Korea as well as the 25th Olympic Games at the Palau Blaugrana in Barcelona, Spain as a demonstration sport. In recognition of his contribution to the Olympic Movement Un Yong Kim was awarded the Order of Commander by Prince Rainier of Monaco on September 21, 1993. Moreover, Taekwondo was adopted as an official sport of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games at the 103rd IOC session in Paris, France on September 4, 1994. Half a year later, on February 15, 1995 World Taekwondo was affiliated to the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF) as a provisional member. After the first appearance of Taekwondo as an Olympic Sport in the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, the IOC executive board confirms Taekwondo as an Olympic Sport for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games on December 11–13, 2000. Furthermore, the inclusion of taekwondo in the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games was confirmed on November 29, 2002 at the 114th IOC session held in Mexico City. On February 15, 2004 the Vice President (Italy) Sun Jae Park was elected as Acting President of World Taekwondo due to the resignation of the founding President Un Yong Kim from the presidency of World Taekwondo. Four month later Chung Won Choue was elected as new President of World Taekwondo at the extraordinary General Assembly on June 11, 2004. Taekwondo was confirmed as program of the 2012 London Olympic Games on July 8, 2005.
In 1972 the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA) Central Dojang opened in Seoul; in 1973 the name was changed to Kukkiwon. Under the sponsorship of the South Korean government's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism the Kukkiwon became the new national academy for taekwondo, thereby establishing a new "unified" style of taekwondo. [9] In 1973 the KTA established the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF, now called World Taekwondo, WT) to promote taekwondo as a sport. The International Olympic Committee recognized the WT and taekwondo sparring in 1980. For this reason, the Kukkiwon-defined style of taekwondo is sometimes referred to as Sport-style taekwondo, Olympic-style taekwondo, or WT-style taekwondo, but the style itself is defined by the Kukkiwon, not by the WT, and the WT competition ruleset itself only allows the use of a very small number of the total number of techniques included in the style.[20] Therefore, the correct term for the South Korean government sponsored style of Taekwondo associated with the Kukkiwon, is Kukki Taekwondo, meaning "national taekwondo" in Korean.
Turkey Taekwondo Federation () is the governing body of Taekwondo sport in Turkey. Originally, it was formed in 1968 within the Turkey Judo Federation, where it maintained its activities thirteen years long. In 1981, it was disconnected from the Judo Federation and became a separate organization under the governmental Directorate General of Youth and Sports (Gençlik ve Spor Genel Müdürlüğü, GSGM). The headquarters is located in Ulus quarter of Ankara. It is a member of the European Taekwondo Union (ETU).
The main constituents of World Taekwondo are the following: The General Assembly (GA); the World Taekwondo Council; the President and the Secretariat. In addition to its main constituents World Taekwondo also encompasses other organizations that have been duly authorized or recognized by the Council and the GA and that operate under the auspices of World Taekwondo. World Taekwondo-recognized or authorized organizations include but are not limited to the Continental Unions. The General Assembly is the general meeting of the Council and representatives of MNAs of World Taekwondo. The GA is World Taekwondo’s supreme decision making organ. Its decisions are final, whereas the Council consists of the President, the Vice Presidents, the Secretary General, the Treasurer and the Council members. Responsibilities of the Council are for example planning and management of World Taekwondo organization and operations and the control over the financial budget and financial reports. The President is elected by the GA from among its members for a term of four years. The President must lead and represent World Taekwondo; concurrently lead the GA and the Council as its chairman, and preside over meetings and other activities as well as designate official duties to Vice Presidents on an ad-hoc basis for the betterment of the development of the sport of taekwondo and World Taekwondo operations. Furthermore, the President appoints the chairmen and members of World Taekwondo Committees. Lastly, the Secretariat of World Taekwondo is installed at the location of World Taekwondo headquarters for the execution of the secretarial affairs and duties of the President and the Secretary General.
The WT founded the Para Taekwondo Committee in 2006 to help promote and develop taekwondo for athletes with an impairment. At first Para Taekwondo concentrated on developing ‘kyorugi’ (sparring) for arm amputee and limb deficiency athletes. The first Para Taekwondo Championships were held in Baku, Azerbaijan, in 2009. Following the unsuccessful inclusion on the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games program a working group was put together. The working group met to disucss Para Taekwondo in 2013 during the WT World Para Taekwondo Championship, the Para Taekwondo Committee invited guests from Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association (CPISRA) and International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability (INAS). Following the work group’s recommendations, it was decided to expand Para Taekwondo and to create worldwide competitions available to athletes of all impairments. Poomsae was chosen to be included in competitions for athletes with Neurological Impairments, Intellectual Impairments (II) or Visually Impaired (VI). Para Taekwondo Poomsae competitions were held for the first time for Intellectually Impaired (II) athletes at the 5 WT World Para Taekwondo Championships in Moscow. Para Taekwondo Poomsae was also added as a demonstration sport during the 2015 INAS Global Games and the 2015 CPISRA World Games. 