Instruct: Given a question, retrieve documents that can help answer the question.
Query: How do newts breathe?
During the subsequent few months, the larvae undergo metamorphosis, during which they develop legs, and the gills are absorbed and replaced by air-breathing lungs.[13] Some species, such as the North American newts, also become more brightly coloured during this phase. Once fully metamorphosised, they leave the water and live a terrestrial life, when they are known as "efts".[14][15] Only when the eft reaches adulthood will the North American species return to live in water, rarely venturing back onto the land. Conversely, most European species live their adult lives on land and only visit water to breed.[16]
There is also a risk that smooth newts could poison their predators, like cane toads do. Any native animal that ingests the potentially deadly skin secretions produced by the newt could be affected, including wading birds, snakes, lizards, turtles, fish and mammals.
One day when Newt is eating his lunch in the loft of Kiner's barn, he witnesses the brutal attack and murder of Kiner by Booker Savage, Marcus' father. Newt initially keeps quiet about what he has seen, but appears to be bothered that Silas Newhall, who was at the scene of the crime for another reason, is being accused for a murder he did not commit. Encouraged by his mother Sarah, Newt reveals to Judge Cavanaugh that Booker committed the murder, and also testifies in court, but rather than doing the good he intended it to do, Newt's testimony leads to the suicide of Booker and almost being killed by Marcus.
Development brings many changes about in the Italian crested newt. One of these is the alteration from oxyconformer to oxyregulator. Obviously, this difference will change how the newt deals with changes in its respiratory conditions. Another developmental change is the loss of external gills from juvenile stage to adulthood. This affects "T. carnifex" as the difference between being able to outreach the DBL (juvenile) and the inability to do this (adult). This inability introduces a diathesis to hypoxia in stagnant water. This is because there is a lack of convection in the water, and the oxygen is being subtracted more quickly than it can diffuse (due to oxygen’s slow diffusion constant through water).
The California newt has warty, slate-gray skin on its back and bright orange-yellow skin underneath. It is very similar in appearance to the rough-skinned newt and they are often indistinguishable without dissection, but in general, the California newt has orange skin around the bottom of its eye while the Rough-skinned has gray skin at the bottom its eye. The California newt also has eyes that protrude beyond the edge of the jaw line when viewed from above, while the eyes of the rough-skinned do not protrude, giving its head a more bullet-like appearance. The red-bellied newt is also similar but has dark irises vs. yellow in the California newt, more red coloration underneath, and a dark band across the vent that is lacking in the California newt..
"How Do I Breathe" is an R&B single by Mario. It is the first single from his third studio album "Go". The single was released on May 15, 2007. It was produced by Stargate. On the issue date of July 7, 2007, the single debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 at number 91. "How Do I Breathe" also debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 30 on download sales alone, the day before the physical release of the song. It also became Mario's last charting single in the UK. The song also peaked at number 18 on the "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The official remix of the song features Fabolous and the second official remix features Cassidy. A rare third one features both artists and switches between beats. The song was co-written by Mario.
Historically, most European newts were included in the genus, but taxonomists have split off the alpine newts ("Ichthyosaura"), the small-bodied newts ("Lissotriton") and the banded newts ("Ommatotriton") as separate genera. The closest relatives of "Triturus" are the European brook newts ("Calotriton"). Two species of marbled newts and seven species of crested newts are accepted, of which the Anatolian crested newt was only described in 2016. Their ranges are largely contiguous but where they do overlap, hybridisation may take place.
In newts, there is no true metamorphosis because newt larvae already feed as predators and continue doing so as adults. Newts' gills are never covered by a gill sac and will be resorbed only just before the animal leaves the water. Just as in tadpoles, their lungs are functional early, but newts use them less frequently than tadpoles. Newts often have an aquatic phase in spring and summer, and a land phase in winter. For adaptation to a water phase, prolactin is the required hormone, and for adaptation to the land phase, thyroxin. External gills do not return in subsequent aquatic phases because these are completely absorbed upon leaving the water for the first time.
The rough skinned newt uses a form of chemical based avoidance behavior to evade being eaten by predators, mainly the common garter snake. The snakes, after swallowing, digesting, and metabolizing a rough-skinned newt, release a chemical signature. This stimulus can be detected by a nearby newt and trigger an avoidant response, which allows them to minimize predation risks. In this way, newts are able to differentiate whether a snake is resistant or sensitive to the toxin in order to avoid being preyed upon. However, newts do not avoid the corpses of a recently digested newt that has been left to decompose. This behavior is unlike salamanders that have been documented in avoiding other damaged salamanders.
Newt and Lauren read about Sam Owen (Louis Tamone), who had previously burned down The Dog, killing four others, and decide to pretend to be possessed by his ghost, however they do this in front of Sam's brother Russ Owen (Stuart Manning), who lost his girlfriend Sophie Burton (Connie Powney) in the fire. Russ is angry, Newt and Lauren apologise. Newt and Lauren then begin a relationship. The Dog is raided by Warren Fox's old acquaintances, Anthony and Carl, who hold Newt, Louise Summers (Roxanne McKee), Jack and Frankie hostage and demand money. Newt manages to hide and phone the police. After it is over, Newt asks Warren to give The Dog back to Jack, who had been forced into partnership. Newt and Lauren decide to have sex, with Lauren wanting to have it in a graveyard, however Newt tells her he would rather do it at her house. Newt soon realises he is not ready to have sex. Elliot Bevan (Garnon Davies) agrees to help Newt and Lauren with coursework, however when he goes to a picnic with Sarah Barnes (Loui Batley) instead of helping them, Lauren wants to get revenge. A reluctant Newt agrees. After overhearing Elliot having a conversation with Kris Fisher (Gerard McCarthy) about Elliot believing his father was abducted by aliens, the pair post messages to Elliot, pretending to be his father. The pair tell Elliot to meet them in the woods, which he does. Newt and Lauren regret their trick when Elliot begins crying. They run away where Newt trips over something, later revealed to be the body of Sean Kennedy (Matthew Jay Lewis).
Due to the nature of this newt’s secretative behaviour and most of the research being on their behavioural thermoregulation, there has not been much research on the metabolic interactions between respiration, blood flow and thermoregulation. However, in general newts are more subject to higher oxygen consumption during diving, which puts a strain on reproductive success and ultimately reduces metabolic activity. Newts are also greatly restricted in metabolic activities due to their anaerobic lifestyles, and because of this newts do not seem to meet their metabolic threshold. This cannot be fully determined due to their secretive lifestyle.
"T. carnifex" are ectotherms. This means that the internal forces of this newt that control the body temperature have almost no importance. They are traditionally called “cold-blooded” although blood has really nothing to do with how these animals thermoregulate. This means that "T. carnifex" will regulate in a way that depends more on behavior. When there is a large range of environmental temperatures, newts are very insensitive to a thermal gradient profile.
How Do I Breathe, Pt. 2:
"T. carnifex" faces an interesting challenge, one that all air-breathing aquatic newts must face: the temperature variance between the land phase and the aquatic phase. Since water has a heat capacity 3500 times greater and a thermal conductance 23 times greater than air, small ectotherms such as the Italian crested newt are likelier to have a more variable body temperature than strictly terrestrial organisms. Many ectotherms possess the ability to reversibly alter their preferred body temperature based upon the seasonal changes the newt experiences, which means that their optimal thermal range is quite wide. They respond to variance in temperature by employing either behavioural or physiological changes. Some changes in body temperature are unavoidable, however, depending on how much solar radiation is available.
Lauren takes Newt's medication in order to understand how he feels. Newt and Anita go round to her house because Newt finds out Lauren tells Anita about his schizophrenia and finds her really ill. Anita calls an ambulance while Newt comforts her and tells her he loves her. Lauren is banned from seeing Newt and Newt tells her that he wants to end their relationship. Newt explains that Eli would be gone forever if Lauren burnt his belongings and that he and Lauren shall stay together in secret. On New Year's Eve 2008 Newt and Lauren slept with each other for the first time in Evissa. In January 2009, Newt and Lauren split up. Newt and Anite begin dating. Lauren begins claiming she is being bullied by Anita, who Newt ends his relationship with. Newt eventually finds out about her lies but they continue their friendship.
Eli, an old friend of Newt, arrives. Newt hides Eli in his bedroom. Eli and Newt plan to run away together to start a life on their own. Newt says goodbye to Lauren and Jack Osborne (James McKenna), who do not suspect what he is planning. After meeting Eli, they reflect upon their plans. Meanwhile, Lauren watches a tape of Newt writing a threatening massage on Frankie's wall, despite previous claims it was Eli. Eli is then revealed to be a figment of Newt's imagination. Lauren tries to explain to Newt that he needs help and tells Frankie what she saw. Newt is admitted to hospital and diagnosed with schizophrenia. Newt returns home and is shocked to see Jack, who had apparently died. Darren, to cover up their life insurance fraud, tells Newt if he tells anyone, he would have to go back to hospital. Eli convinces Newt not to trust his family and to stop taking his medication. Frankie decides to adopt Newt, however his mother refuses. Newt witnesses Niall Rafferty (Barry Sloane) kidnapping his secret half sister Jacqui McQueen (Claire Cooper). Newt tries to tell Lauren to call the police but she thinks it is his schizophrenia, she then calls an ambulance. Later, Newt and Lauren reconcile and kiss. Newt stops taking his medication, which causes erectile dysfunction, so he and Lauren can have sex. Newt then ends the relationship due to Eli. He then tells Lauren to burn everything that reminded him of Eli. Eli then disappeared as Newt began taking his medication. Newt and Lauren then sleep with each other for the first time in Evissa.
"The breath of heaven is out of harmony, the breath of earth tangles and snarls," said Cloud Chief. "The six breaths do not blend properly," the four seasons do not stay in order. Now I would like to harmonize the essences of the six breaths in order to bring nourishment to all living creatures. How should I go about it?"
Calotriton – European brook newts Cynops (incl. Hypselotriton) – Firebelly newts Echinotriton – Mountain or spiny newts Ichthyosaura – Alpine newts Lissotriton – Small-bodied newts Neurergus – Spotted newts Notophthalmus – Eastern or North American newts Ommatotriton – Banded newts Pachytriton – Paddle-tail or Chinese newts Paramesotriton (incl. Laotriton) – Warty newts Pleurodeles – Ribbed newts Taricha – Pacific, western or rough-skinned newts Triturus – Crested and marbled newts Tylototriton (incl. Liangshantriton) – Crocodile or knobby newts
During his time on the run, Newt befriends a teenager, Rae Wilson (Alice Barlow), who he stops from committing suicide. The pair quickly fall in love. Eli takes an instant dislike to Rae and takes over Newt in order to kill her, however Newt stops himself from severely hurting her. Realising they both cannot escape their troubles, Newt and Rae agree to commit suicide together by jumping into a canal. Lauren tells Jack where Newt is and the pair rush to get him, and are shocked to see him threatening to kill himself. After it is revealed to Newt that Rae is just another persona of his schizophrenia, he pushes Eli into the canal. Rae also jumps in, as does Newt. Jack rushes in to rescue Newt and he pulls him out safely. However, Eli and Rae do not resurface. Newt recovers in hospital and is adamant that Rae is real, despite Jack and Lauren telling him he was alone. Newt is released and discovers a picture of Rae in the purse belonging to Lily, an elderly woman he mugged whilst on the run. Newt goes to Lily's door, where he tells her of Rae's death. Despite this, Rae turns up and tells Newt she does not know who he is. Newt tries to tell Rae he is telling the truth but she does not believe him. An upset Newt returns home and decides to change, shaving off his hair and changing his clothes, ultimately dropping his emo appearance. Another local school, Abbey Hill, is merged with Hollyoaks High. Rae is one of the new students. Newt tries to talk to her, but she gets her friend Sinclair to scare Newt off. Newt tells Lauren about the Rae he knew whilst on the run. Lauren then tells Newt that the Rae he had described, is exactly like her.
The video was directed by Melina and premiered on BET's Access Granted on May 23, 2007. One scene where Mario is dressed in a white t-shirt while singing in smoke, is similar to the scene in Kanye West's video "Touch the Sky". After its premiere, "How Do I Breathe" received heavy airplay on BET's music video countdown show "106 & Park". It also appeared at number 87 on BET's "Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2007" countdown.
The great crested newt "Triturus cristatus" is an amphibian native to the UK but also widespread across Northern Europe. Whilst it is relatively widespread in the UK (in fact the UK hosts one of the great crested newt's most significant populations), it is rare on a European wide basis. The great crested newt is listed as a "strictly protected fauna species" under appendix II of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats:
and consequently is protected under UK legislation through the Wildlife and Countryside Act and the Conservation (Natural Habitat) regulations 1994. Under these regulations it is an offence to intentionally disturb, injure or kill any great crested newt, or disturb or destroy its habitat. Likewise, the Habitats Regulations 2010 do not apply to all newts, and in the case of e.g. smooth newt species, they are protected differently, under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended).
"Pachytriton" species are stout-bodied, smooth-skinned aquatic newts. Their heads are large and flattened, and they have conspicuous labial folds and short, stubby legs and toes. They breathe through both lungs and skin. 
"P. brevipes" ranges from 5.5 to 7.5 in as an adult. It has prominent labial folds, long digits, and smooth skin, which differs from the tuberculate skin typical of newts.
Alan Watts noted something more in watching the breath with regards to Zen Buddhism. Active or voluntary breathing ("I will breath in" etc) is clearly something the person is doing. Passive breathing (involuntary daily breathing) is something we imagine is being done, but not by us, it is something that just happens. In a watching-the-breath type of meditation we might experience both types. But suddenly it can dawn upon us that we are doing both: the involuntary breathing also seems to be something we are doing because we experience "being everything"- we are doing everything. And it can flip - both are just happening: the voluntary breathing also seems to be something that just happens, again because we are "being everything" - but now, everything is just happening. Thus we may see our very decisions to do things as just happening, just spontaneously arising - he asks "Do you decide to decide?". Be careful to note that Alan Watts points out that both things are true: we decide (and have free will) and (we don't) decisions just happen. This is the Zen perspective where we embrace this paradox. We might say that, this (or any) paradox exists only as a human thought and in this case, we cannot understand (think) how these opposites can exist together; yet in reality, that is not burdened by thought, this is our experience. Thus watching the breath is one way to experience these things.
The term was picked up and used late in the 2016 U.S. presidential election by Newt Gingrich when he criticized the negative response Trump received after the first presidential debate stating that "The Intellectual Yet Idiot class is so out of touch with America that they don't even realize how badly they are doing and how well Trump is doing." Gingrich has mentioned the term multiple times in interviews and speeches since then and has included in his book "Understanding Trump" a chapter called "The Rise of the IYI".
On July 16, 2008, Kourtni Lind and Matt Dorame from the US television reality program and dance competition "So You Think You Can Dance" danced to "How Do I Breathe" as the part of the competition.