Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that can help answer the question.
Query: How many islands does Indonesia have?
The islands of Indonesia, also known as the Indonesian archipelago and formerly known as the Indian archipelago, may refer either to the islands comprising the nation-state of Indonesia or to the geographical groups which include its islands. According to the Indonesian Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs, of 17,508 officially listed islands within the territory of the Republic of Indonesia,[1] 16,056 island names have been verified by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) as of July 2017.[2]
In response to requests from Indonesia, Singapore has over the years stuck to factual statements that said the current arrangement was made by ICAO with aviation safety as its key consideration, and that it was not unusual globally and historically for the air traffic authorities of one country to provide air traffic management services in the territorial airspace of another country. To back up the claim, it has pointed to Indonesia's management of the airspace of other countries as an example. That being said, there have also been some signs that the Singapore government believes the matter might have been politicized and used as an issue to rally popular support from Indonesians, although Singapore's suspicion does not appear to have been seriously raised to Indonesia for formal consideration. Singapore's factual responses have not been formally debated in public or discussed at the diplomatic level, and it remains to be seen if Indonesia has conceded that Singapore's position is accurate and the safest arrangement for air travelers. 
Then the film abruptly changes direction, and presents a summary of the American battle plan for taking the Marshalls, how the outer islands were bombed to fool the enemy, and how a sneak attack was planned against the inner islands. But this couldn't happen until all the supplies were ready. When the invasion does begin there is fierce fighting on the main islands. "The German would have surrendered, but not the Jap...Out of a garrison of 6000, 230 surrender." Much time is spent on the Japanese POWs, and the film goes to great lengths to show how well they are treated, especially in comparison to how the Japanese treated their POWs.
The database also is important in quantifying the long term task of verifying how many islands exist in Indonesia. 
Surfing is also a popular water activity in Indonesia and the sites are recognised as world class. The well-known locations are mostly located on the southern, Indian Ocean side of Indonesia, the largest breaks being on the southern Java. However, the north coast does not receive the same surf from the Java Sea. Surf breaks can be found all the way along Sumatra, down to Nusa Tenggara, including Aceh, Bali, Banten, Java, Lombok, the Mentawai Islands, and Sumbawa. Although Indonesia has many world-class surfing spots, the majority of surfers come from abroad, especially Australia and United States. However, enthusiasm for local surfing began in Bali and West Java's Pelabuhan Ratu and Pangandaran beach, with most surfers arriving from nearby cities of Jakarta and Bandung.
The "flora" consists of many unique varieties of tropical plants. Blessed with a tropical climate and around 17,000 islands, Indonesia is a nation with the second largest biodiversity in the world. The flora of Indonesia reflects an intermingling of Asian, Australian and the native species. This is due to the geography of Indonesia, located between two continents.
The archipelago consists of a variety of regions from the tropical rain forests of the northern lowlands and the seasonal forests of the southern lowlands through the hill and mountain vegetation, to subalpine shrub vegetation. Having the second longest shoreline in the world, Indonesia also has many regions of swamps and coastal vegetation. Combined together, these all give rise to a huge vegetational biodiversity.
There are about 28,000 species of flowering plants in Indonesia, consisting 2500 different kinds of orchids, 6000 traditional medicinal plants used as Jamu., 122 species of bamboo, over 350 species of rattan and 400 species of "Dipterocarpus", including ebony, sandalwood and teakwood.
Indonesia is also home to some unusual species such as carnivorous plants. One exceptional species is known as "Rafflesia arnoldi", named after Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles and Dr. Thomas Arnold, who discovered the flower in the depths of Bengkulu, southwest Sumatra. This parasitic plant has a large flower, does not produce leaves and grow on a certain liana on the rain forest floor. Another unusual plant is "Amorphophallus titanum" from Sumatra. Numerous species of insect trapping pitcher plants ("Nepenthes" spp.) can also be found in Borneo, Sumatra, and other islands of the Indonesian archipelago.
The delegate of the Solomon Islands responded to the statement by Indonesia on 24 September in regards to human rights violations of the Melanesian peoples in West Papua. Indonesia has ratified the convention on torture in 1998 but has to date not harmonised its law to include the agreed definition of torture or to punish and criminalise said torture. "The Solomon Islands receives documents from leaders and civil society in regards to human rights [violations] in West Papua. Thus the Solomon Islands invites Indonesia to substantiate that with five others Pacific islands states' fabricated reports and to visit Papua and West Papua with concerns on the loss of life at the hands of Indonesian authorities. [We] accept that lives are lost in mistakes, but how. in body of human rights, can we turn a blind eye to the deaths of thousands of West Papuans. As an island in a region that Indonesia claims to be a part of, Solomon Islands cannot stand by on atrocities taking place. [We have a] moral and ethical duty to bring the unfortunate reality of the lives of Melanesian, be it in West Papua or any other place [and] to bring accountability to those rights [violations]. The declaration of rights stipulates that all have a right to the security of persons and has binding legal instruments on Indonesia, [such as] Article 3's protection against crimes of human right violations. As with the case of the five other Pacific island countries mentioned by Indonesia (including Palau it becomes six states), we cannot resolve this matter alone so we highlight the challenges at this august body. We realise that neither we nor Indonesia can resolve the matter alone. It needs to be brought to a body of UN and done so urgently as lives are being lost. Mr. President, all lives matter. The Solomon Islands reiterates its willingness for constructive dialogue with Indonesia, as have all regional Pacific island states expressed a need for dialogue over human rights violations since the last 20 years. A lack of will to engage from Indonesia will not dampen the will of the Solomon Islands and the six other countries. We understand through true constructive dialogue can we realise the Charter. In closing, we welcome the opportunity to highlight this case to this august body so we, and as family of nations, can address the human rights violations and loss of lives to prevent a further loss of lives.
Estimates of how long Surtsey will survive are based on the rate of erosion seen up to the present day. Assuming that the current rate does not change, the island will be mostly at or below sea level by 2100. However, the rate of erosion is likely to slow as the tougher core of the island is exposed: an assessment assuming that the rate of erosion will slow exponentially suggests that the island will survive for many centuries. An idea of what it will look like in the future is given by the other small islands in the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago, which formed in the same way as Surtsey several thousand years ago, and have eroded away substantially since they were formed.
The metallic pigeon is distributed to tropical forests of eastern Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa and surrounding southwest Pacific islands. A subspecies, the Lord Howe pigeon, used to exist on Lord Howe Island in Australia, but was exterminated by hunting c. 1853.
Hobbys occur throughout mainland Australia including off shore islands e.g. Lord Howe Island, however their range is restricted in Tasmania. Migrating individuals have also been recorded on the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea. Hobbys frequent most open habitats including open woodland, water courses and vegetated urban areas but are rarely recorded around cliffs or escarpments.
The board divides the Pacific Ocean into 13 sea zones. Each turn players commit their ship, air, and amphibious units to particular zones, and then (if there are opposing forces in the same area) a battle is fought in each zone, until one player retreats or is eliminated. Points of control (POC) are earned based on how many zones a player controls in that turn. Certain areas are worth more to one or both players than others. For example, the Japanese (IJN) player receives 3 POC for controlling Indonesia or the Japanese Islands, but only 1 for controlling the North Pacific. The Allied (USN) player receives only 1 POC for Indonesia, but 3 for the Hawaiian Islands.
The Northern common cuscus inhabits the islands of Timor, specifically Indonesia and Timor Leste, Wetar and Leti (both to Indonesia) through the Kai Islands and a number of the Moluccan Islands of Indonesia (including: Ambon, Buru, and Seram); it is also found on the islands of Misool, Waigeo, Batanta, and Salawati (all Indonesia), and ranges over much of the northern part of the island of New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea), including a number of offshore islands. It ranges as far east as the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, where it is present on many islands including the islands of New Britain and New Ireland. It also occurs on many of the Solomon Islands. It is believed that many of the insular island populations are the result of prehistorical introductions, possibly including: Timor, Seram, Buru, Sanana, the Kai Islands, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Island chain. Local villagers in the above-mentioned countries and regions reported that the northern common cuscus can be found in any substantially forested areas from coastal monsoon rainforest and gallery forest to remnant montane rainforest.
The largest island of West Nusa Tenggara, the island of Sumbawa, is less promoted and less developed than Lombok, although some of the beaches have become a popular spot for surf culture.East Nusa Tenggara is the southernmost province of Indonesia. The province consists of many small islands, often divided by deep oceanic trenches. The island's southern coast is affected by the swell of the Indian Ocean and produces large waves popular with surfers.
The study of integer points in convex polyhedra is motivated by questions such as "how many nonnegative integer-valued solutions does a system of linear equations with nonnegative coefficients have" or "how many solutions does an integer linear program have". Counting integer points in polyhedra or other questions about them arise in representation theory, commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, statistics, and computer science.
Long isolated from other pigs on the many islands of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, pigs have evolved into many different species, including wild boar, bearded pigs, and warty pigs. Humans have introduced pigs into Australia, North and South America, and numerous islands, either accidentally as escaped domestic pigs which have gone feral, or as wild boar.
Over the past 10 years Simeulue has become a growingly popular surf destination. The SW facing portion of the island holds multiple world class waves and a handful of surf resorts have popped up in recent years. As surfers have continued to explore throughout Indonesia over the past 40 years since traveling surfers first arrived to Bali, surfing has expanded to more and more of Indonesia's many islands. Simeulue has been one of the last of these islands with quality waves to catch on, and still remains as one of surfing last frontiers.
Java ponies have a light body with a short neck and a somewhat plain head. The average height is about . They are found in a variety of colors, and are a robust breed noted for working ability and endurance. The lightweight conformation of the breed is well-adapted to the tropical climate of Indonesia. The Java Pony is primarily used in agriculture in rural areas and for the transportation of passengers and goods in the cities. They are privately bred throughout the islands, though breeding is in many cases subsidized by the state, and ponies on various islands of Indonesia have noticeable differences in breed characteristics.
The principal threats to cockatoos are habitat loss and the wildlife trade. All cockatoos are dependent on trees for nesting and are vulnerable to their loss; in addition many species have specialised habitat requirements or live on small islands and have naturally small ranges, making them vulnerable to the loss of these habitats. Cockatoos are popular as pets and the capture and trade has threatened some species; between 1983 and 1990, 66,654 recorded salmon-crested cockatoos were exported from Indonesia, a figure that does not include the number of birds caught for the domestic trade or that were exported illegally. The capture of many species has subsequently been banned but the trade continues illegally. Birds are put in crates or bamboo tubing and conveyed on boats out of Indonesia and the Philippines. Not only are the rare species smuggled out of Indonesia but also common and rare cockatoos alike are smuggled out of Australia; birds are sedated, covered in nylon stockings and packed into PVC tubing which is then placed in unaccompanied luggage on international flights. Mortality is significant (30%) and eggs, more easily hidden on the bodies of smugglers on flights, are increasingly smuggled instead. Trafficking is thought to be run by organised gangs, who also trade Australian species for overseas species such as macaws coming the other way.
Although located near, the border is not located in the Spratly Islands area and Indonesia does not have any claims over the islands.
There is an interesting mathematical problem—if a set of objects consists of a large number of sub types—how does one count how many sub types there are? For instance, if you have a bag of balls, and they come in a range of colours—how can you work out, how many different colours there are in the bag?
On 26 December 2004, a 9.1–9.3 undersea earthquake struck in the Andaman Sea. The earthquake triggered a series of tsunamis that killed at least 130,000 people in Indonesia alone. The effect on the island was relatively small, but it is unknown how many of its inhabitants were killed by the event.
Kundur Island is an island within the Riau Archipelago, part of the Riau Islands Province of Indonesia. It lies at about southwest of Singapore, southwest of Batam, south of Great Karimun, northwest of Lingga Islands and west of Tanjung Pinang. It has an area of about , not including district Buru. According to the 2010 Census population, the population of Kundur Island is 67,090. As Kundur does not have an airport, all visitors arrive by ferry.
Sail Indonesia begins each year with a yacht rally from Darwin in Australia to Kupang in Indonesia towards the end of July. Following their arrival at Kupang, yachts are invited to a number of events there and at locations on the islands of Alor, Lembata, Flores, Sulawesi, Borneo, Bali, Karimunjava, Java, and Batam before they leave Indonesian waters and head for Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. The local government administration of many of these islands plan a number of events at each stopover many of which include a ceremonial welcome and dinner as well as cultural and arts displays, traditional sports, tours, and dance performances. See rally map on Sail Indonesia site.
It is the third largest marine park in Indonesia. Jacques Cousteau is said to have called the Wakatobi islands – then known as the Tukangbesi islands: an “Underwater Nirwana”. Now a national marine park covering the entire Waktobi District, it comprises 1.4 million hectares, of which 900,000 host tropical coral reefs. Wakatobi has the highest number of reef and fish species in the world. The islands are form the largest barrier reef in Indonesia, second only to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. It is the habitat of large and small fish species, dolphins, turtles and whales. The island group comprises 143 islands of which 7 are inhabited, counting a total population of around 100,000. Most notable are the Bajo communities, seafaring nomads who inhabit many of Indonesia’s remote islands.
The following is a list of countries by largest island. It does not include divided islands; several of the world's largest islands, such as New Guinea, Borneo, Ireland and Hispaniola, are divided between two or more states. This list only includes islands fully owned by a single country. Similarly, many of the world's largest islands belong to a handful of states, such as Canada and Indonesia; only the largest island of each country is listed here.