Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that answer the question.
Query: When was Sun Yat-sen born?
Sun Yat-sen (/ˈsʌn ˈjætˈsɛn/; 12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)[1][2] was the founding father of the Republic of China. The provisional first president of the Republic of China, Sun was a Chinese medical doctor, writer, philosopher, Georgist,[3][4] calligrapher,[5] and revolutionary. As the foremost pioneer and first leader of a Republican China, Sun is referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in the Republic of China (ROC) and the "forerunner of democratic revolution" in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty (the last imperial dynasty of China) during the years leading up to the Xinhai Revolution. He was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China when it was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party of China), serving as its first leader.[6] Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and he remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
The university has the largest affiliated hospital system in China, including Sun Yat-sen University First Hospital, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital(or Sun Yat-sen University Second Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Third Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Fourth Hospital (has merged into the First Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Fifth Hospital (or Zhuhai Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Hospital (or Sun Yat-sen University Gastrointestinal & Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University Stomatologic Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Ophthalmologic Center.
The Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen (), established in 1929, became the first national botanical garden in China. The original name, 'Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen', commemorated Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, the pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution. In 1954, it was renamed as Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is one of four major botanical gardens in China. The botanical garden is also known as Zhongshan Botanical Gardens after the spelling of its name in pinyin.
The Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang formerly called the Sun Yat-sen Penang Base, is a museum in George Town, Penang, Malaysia. The museum is dedicated to Sun Yat-sen, a nationalist from China who established the Chinese Republic in 1912 after his efforts in Xinhai Revolution.
The Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall, also known as Wan Qing Yuan, and formerly as the Sun Yat Sen Villa, is a two-storey colonial style villa in Balestier, Singapore. The villa is now a museum commemorating Sun Yat Sen (1866–1925), the founding father of the Republic of China who visited Singapore nine times between 1900 and 1911.
Other references to Sun include the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou and National Sun Yat-sen University in Kaohsiung. Other structures include Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall subway station, Sun Yat-sen house in Nanjing, Dr. Sun Yat-sen Museum in Hong Kong, Chung-Shan Building, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Guangzhou, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei and Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall in Singapore. Zhongshan Memorial Middle School has also been a name used by many schools. Zhongshan Park is also a common name used for a number of places named after him. The first highway in Taiwan is called the Sun Yat-sen expressway. Two ships are also named after him, the Chinese gunboat Chung Shan and Chinese cruiser Yat Sen. The old Chinatown in Calcutta (now known as Kolkata), India has a prominent street by the name of Sun Yat-sen street. There are also two streets named after Sun Yat-sen, located in the cities of Astrakhan and Ufa, Russia.
Sun Yat-sen, or Place Sun Yat-sen, is a park in Montreal's Chinatown, in Quebec, Canada. The space, named after Sun Yat-sen, hosts many cultural events and other festivals. It features a bust of Sun Yat-sen.
The university was founded twice in 1924 and 1980 in response to the national development needs, the alumni of both the original Sun Yat-sen University and the historical Moscow Sun Yat-sen University have also contributed to the re-established of NSYSU. In the beginning all the Sun Yat-sen Universities were adopted a statism educational model () and based-on Dr. Sun Yat-sen's philosophy, present-day NSYSU is already a normally public university, but it is still famous for its powerful political and commercial relations.
The literal meaning of the characters "Zhong" and "shan" are "Central/Middle" and "Mountain"; the name was adopted by Sun Yat-sen while in Japan in the early 1900s. For more information on the names of Sun Yat-sen, see Names of Sun Yat-sen.
Chen Cuifen (; 1873–1960) was born in Hong Kong as a fourth child. She was regarded as the “Forgotten revolutionary female” and "The first revolution partner" of Sun Yat-sen. Before marrying Soong Ching-ling, Sun Yat-sen had a 20 year-relationship with Chen Cuifen. In the "Sun Genealogy", she was called "Sun Yat-sen's concubine."
One of the predecessors of the Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science was the Pok Tsai Medical School, which, founded in 1866, was the earliest institution of learning of western medicine in China, where Sun Yat-sen once studied and engaged in revolutionary activities. The Pok Tsai Medical School evolved into the College of Medicine of Lingnan University in 1936. The Kung Yee Medical School and Hospital in Guangzhou (Canton) was founded in 1908. In 1925, the Kung Yee institutions were taken over by the government and became the Medical Department of the National First Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University. In 1953, the Colleges of Medicine in Sun Yat-sen University and Lingnan University merged to form the College of Medicine of South China, which was joined by the Guangdong Guanghua College of Medicine in 1954. The university was renamed Guangzhou College of Medicine and Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science successively, and finally Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science in 1985, which has developed steadfastly into a comprehensive medical university with multi-schools and multiple levels, has reached national advanced level and achieved remarkable successes in scientific research in medical genetics, ophthalmology, tumor study, parasite study, the kidney disease of internal medicine, organ transplant, infectious liver disease, biological medical project and molecular medical science. In 2001, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science merged with Sun Yat-sen University and became Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science.
When Chinese revolutionary leader Dr. Sun Yat-sen came to America in late 1909 on a fund-raising trip, he met with Yung Wing, who convinced him that Lea and the Red Dragon conspirators could benefit his revolutionary movement. The Red Dragon conspirators joined Sun Yat-sen's movement to topple the Manchu Dynasty and Lea became one of Sun Yat-sen's most trusted advisors. Ultimately, the Red Dragon conspirators could not obtain the necessary financial backing for their plans and dissolved the conspiracy after a failed revolutionary attempt by Sun Yat-sen's followers in March 1911. Lea, however, remained loyal to Sun Yat-sen.
In Taiwan, Zhongshan Roads are as ubiquitous, if not more, compared to mainland China. In recent years, the administrative merging of neighbouring towns have sometimes resulted in duplicate Zhongshan Roads within the same locality, and as a result some such roads have been renamed.Two roads in Macau SAR were built in the name of Sun Yat-sen, in honour of Sun, who had set foot and lived in Macau. One road is called "Avenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (孫逸仙大馬路), located at the southern part of Macau Peninsula. The other road has the same name "Avenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (孫逸仙博士大馬路), located at Taipa Island. While the official Portuguese name of the two roads are the same, the Chinese translations are different. There is also a traffic roundabout, called "Rotunda Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (孫逸仙博士圓形地) joins two sections of the "Avenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (Taipa) as well as the "Avenida de Guimarães" (基馬拉斯大馬路). A street in Medan, Indonesia also named in honour of him, named as "Jalan Sun Yat-Sen", it is also including a 16th floor hotel nearby named as "Citi International Sun Yat-Sen Hotel".
St. John's University in New York City has a facility built in 1973, the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall, built to resemble a traditional Chinese building in honor of Sun.[122] Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden is located in Vancouver, the largest classical Chinese gardens outside of Asia. There is the Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Park in Chinatown, Honolulu.[123] On the island of Maui, there is the little Sun Yat-sen Park at Kamaole. It is located near to where his older brother had a ranch on the slopes of Haleakala in the Kula region.[16][17][18][45]
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School, also Sun Yat-sen Memorial Middle School,(Chinese: 中山纪念中学; pinyin: Zhōngshān Jìniàn Zhōngxúe) was established in memory of Sun Yat-sen in 1934. The school located in Cuiheng Village, Nanlang town, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China. Cuiheng village is Sun Yat-sen's hometown. It is next to the former residence of Sun Yat-sen. There are 102 classes in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School with more than 7000 students, which is a full boarding school.
Sun Yat-sen was born on November 12, 1866, into a farming peasant household in Choyhung in Kwangtung near the Portuguese colony of Macao. His early education established him as a man of two worlds: China and the West. After a basic training in the Chinese classics in his village school, he was sent to Hawaii in 1879 to join his older brother. There he enrolled in a college where he studied Western science and Christianity. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the father of the Republic of China, died in Beijing in 1925. Read more: Sun Yat-sen Biography
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Station () is a station on Line 2 of the Guangzhou Metro that started operations on 29December 2002. It is located under Dongfeng Middle Road () and Lianxin Road () in the Yuexiu District of Guangzhou. The station is named for the Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hall, which was established in 1931 in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, the founder of the Republic of China. The English name of the station is the same as that of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Station in Taipei, Taiwan's Metro system.
The Dr Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail () was set up in November 1996 by the Central and Western District Council to commemorate the 130th birthday of Sun Yat-sen. It includes 15 spots in the areas of Central and Sheung Wan in Hong Kong, related to the life of Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries in the late Qing era. Originally the Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail, it was renovated and renamed and two spots (now the 1st and the 7th spots) were added to it when Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum was opened in 2006.
The place became part of campus of Nanjing University (Nanda) after 1952. "To prove it, original record or image material must be found, or it's only a legend." said Zhu Baoqin, a professor of history at Nanjing University. After research, Sun Huifang, the granddaughter of Sun Yat-sen, considered the house to be the house Sun Yat-sen lived when he was provisional president in the first year of Republic of China (1912). Sun Yat-sen once lived at Changjiang Road in Nanjing when he was provisional president.
Sun Yat-sen lived in this house from 1918 with his wife Soong Ching-ling. After his death, Sun's wife continued to live here until 1937. There is now an exhibition centre presenting Sun Yat-sen's life, together with some artifacts and a statue of Sun Yat-sen outside.
Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen, Nanjing. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Guangzhou. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Taipei Sun Yat-sen Memorial Centre, George Town, Penang, Malaysia A marker on the Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail on Hong Kong Island Dr Sun Yat-sen on the NT$100 banknote of Taiwan
Sun's speech on Yaowarat street was commemorated by the street later being named "Sun Yat Sen Street" or "Soi Sun Yat Sen" (Thai: ซอยซุนยัตเซ็น) in his honour.[68]
Shan, Patrick Fuliang (2018). Yuan Shikai: A Reappraisal, The University of British Columbia Press. ISBN9780774837781. Sun Yat-sen's vision for China / Martin, Bernard, 1966. Sun Yat-sen, Yang Chu-yun, and the early revolutionary movement in China / Hsueh, Chun-tu Sun Yat-sen 1866–1925 / The Millennium Biographies / Hong Kong, 1999 Sun Yat-sen and the origins of the Chinese revolution Schiffrin, Harold Z. /1968. Sun Yat-sen; his life and its meaning; a critical biography. Sharman, Lyon, / 1968, c.1934 Sun Yat Sen in Penang. Khoo Salma Nasution, Areca Books / 2008, c. 2010 Sun Yat-sen and the Struggle for Modern China. Tjio, Kayloe. Marshall Cavendish / 2017. Cite uses deprecated parameter |dead-url= (help) Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help) Pearl S. Buck, The Man Who Changed China: The Story of Sun Yat-sen (1953) Lawrence M. Kaplan, Homer Lea: American Soldier of Fortune (University Press of Kentucky, 2010).
In 2007, the international Chinese movie Road To Dawn, based on Dr. Sun Yat Sen’s revolutionary activities in Penang, filmed the reenactment of the Emergency Meeting of the 1910 Penang Conference in this museum. The house was extensively renovated in 2010–11, with special changes to its façade and roof. The craftsman for the renovation project came from Quanzhou, southern China. In 1910, the Sun Yat Sen Museum Penang hosted the 22nd Joint Conference of the Sun Yat Sen and Soong Ching Ling Memorials, a major event which was participated by 30 museums ad memorials and saw the reunion of 29 members of the Sun clan (descendants of Sun Yat-sen and Sun Mei). This event was an international centennial commemoration of the 1910 Penang Conference. In 1911, the Sun Yat Sen Museum Penang started an International Youth Exchange Programme with the China Soong Ching Ling Foundation.
The house has been called Zhongshan House (Sun Yat-sen House) for long, but it's unknown from when. It's included in the list of Nanjing Historic Preservations in 2006 and Nanjing Key Modern Historic Buildings in 2010. In the book "My Grandfather: Sun Yat-sen" published in 2001 written by Sun Huifang, a photo of the house is shown with the note "official mansion of Sun Yat-sen". 