Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant passages that answer the question.
Query: What is the name for someone who practices judo?
Judo(wikt:柔道,jūdō, meaning "gentle way") was originally created in 1882 by Jigoro Kano (嘉納治五郎) as a physical, mental and moral pedagogy in Japan. It is generally categorized as a modern martial art, which later evolved into a combat and Olympic sport. Its most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the objective is to either throw or takedown an opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue an opponent with a pin, or force an opponent to submit with a joint lock or a choke. Strikes and thrusts by hands and feet as well as weapons defenses are a part of judo, but only in pre-arranged forms (kata, 形) and are not allowed in judo competition or free practice (randori, 乱取り). A judo practitioner is called a judoka.
The practice of the Japanese martial art of Judo in Brazil dates back to 1914, and its presence spawned the creation of another notable martial art, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. However, Judo practice in Brazil did not cease after the inception of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, as evidenced by the 4th Edition of the World Judo Championships being held in Rio de Janeiro in 1965. Furthermore, in the 2012 Summer Olympics Brazilian Judoka Sarah Menezes Won the Gold Medal in Judo, with other Brazilians winning Bronze medals in various divisions, placing Brazil sixth overall in total number of medals won in Judo at the 2012 Summer Games, signifying the continued vitality of the martial art in Brazil.
Following the Act, the panel no longer has to have: someone who practices veterinary medicine; someone who practices medicine, other than veterinary medicine; someone who practices dentistry; someone who practices pharmacy; someone from the pharmaceutical industry; or a chemist, other than from the pharmaceutical chemistry.
Kano's vision for judo was one of a martial way that could be practiced realistically. Randori (free practice) was a central part of judo pedagogy and shiai (competition) a crucial test of a judoka's understanding of judo.[74] Safety necessitated some basic innovations that shaped judo's development. Atemi waza (striking techniques) were entirely limited to kata (prearranged forms) early in judo's history. Kansetsu waza (joint manipulation techniques) were limited to techniques that focused on the elbow joint. Various throwing techniques that were judged to be too dangerous to practice safely were also prohibited in shiai. To maximise safety in nage waza (throwing techniques), judoka trained in ukemi (break falls) and practiced on tatami (rice straw mats).
One view is that a bujutsu is the martial art you practice, whereas a budo is the lifestyle you live and the path you walk by practicing a bujutsu. For example, one could say that Judo and Jujutsu practised as a martial art are one and the same, meaning that the practice of the art Jujutsu leads to obtaining the lifestyle of Judo (Judo was originally known as Kano Jujutsu, after Judo's founder Kano Jigoro). That would also be true for arts such as kenjutsu/kendo and iaijutsu/iaido.
This article describes the rules of judo. The main sections of the article describe the rules that apply to any situation in which judo is practiced, and those rules which apply only in judo competitions. Separate sections describe the history of the rules of judo, provide links to other sources of information on judo rules, and list the references for this article.
By creating a system of Sambo, Anatoly Kharlampiev carefully studied judo and mastered it in practice. In judo, he saw evidence of a new type of combat clothing, enriched with the most effective techniques of other forms of struggle. Judo he mastered under the direction of Vasili Oshchepkov that during long-term stay in Japan practiced in Kodokan Judo school.
Kim retired from the LPGA Tour after playing several tournaments during the 2011 season. In December 2008 she married Lee Won-hee, a former Olympic gold medalist in judo who now teaches judo at a university in South Korea. In 2009 they had a son, Ye Sung Lee, who was born in Orlando, Florida. She currently teaches golf in South Korea. A golf teaching/practice facility built by her father is named the Mi-Hyun Kim Golf World.
Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) was developed after Mitsuyo Maeda brought judo to Brazil in 1914. Maeda agreed to teach the art to Luiz França and Carlos Gracie, son of his friend, businessman and politician Gastão Gracie. Luiz França went on to teach it to Oswaldo Fadda. After Carlos learned the art from Maeda, he passed his knowledge to his brothers Oswaldo, Gastão Jr., and George. Meanwhile, Hélio Gracie would peek in and practice the techniques, although he was told he was too young to practice. At the time, judo was still commonly called Kanō jiu-jitsu (from its founder Kanō Jigorō), which is why this derivative of judo is called "Brazilian jiu-jitsu" rather than "Brazilian judo". Its emphasis shifted to ground grappling because the Gracie family thought it was more efficient and much more practical. Carlos and Helio helped the development by promoting fights (mostly against practitioners of other martial arts), competitions and experimenting throughout decades of intense training. BJJ dominated the first large modern mixed martial arts competitions, causing the emerging field to adopt many of its practices. Less-practiced stand-up techniques in Gracie Jiu Jitsu remain from its judo and jujutsu heritage (knife defense, gun defense, throws, blocking, striking etc.).
Judo is practiced in many communities across the province. The formal name of the non-profit organization is the Saskatchewan Kodokan Black Belt Association, but is more commonly known as Judo Saskatchewan. Clubs in the province include:
Ka-newonaskasehtew Judo Club, PunnichyJu-No-Ri Judo Club, WatrousLaRonge Judo ClubLloydminster Judo ClubMelfort Judo ClubKenshukan Judo Club, Prince AlbertMeadow Lake Judo ClubPense Judo ClubRegina YMCA Judo ClubSaskatoon YMCA Judo ClubSenshudokan Judo Club, ReginaSouth Corman Park Judo Club, SaskatoonSt. Brieux Judo ClubStanley Mission Judo ClubSwift Current Judo ClubVibank Judo Club The organization holds several regional competitions each season, four provincial tournaments, a closed provincial championships and a one primary annual shiai (tournament) called the Sask Open. Saskatchewan has produced two olympic athletes, Nancy Jewitt-Filteau and Frazer Will and has had several other olympic athletes train and coach in the province, including Sandra Greaves and Ewan Beaton.
Nowadays one of the priority tasks of the Authorities of the Judo Federation of the Republic of Kazakhstan is development of club judo, as is common in the world practice. Among the pioneers there are clubs «Lashyn» and «Arlan» in Almaty, «Yenbek» and «Judo Asia» in Karagandy. For 2011, it was planned to hold the first judo club championship of Kazakhstan.
As a young woman, Sakai practiced judo. From 1995 to 1997, she halted her practice of judo to work with senior citizens at the Kasugamachi Care Center in Kanazawa, Ishikawa.
The United States Judo Federation was originally known as the Amateur Judo Association in 1952. In 1955 it was renamed Judo Black Belt Federation. As late as 1955, the JBBF was the only Judo federation in the United States. In 1967, it changed its name to the United States Judo Federation. In 1969, a faction of the Armed Forces Judo Association became the United States Judo Association.
In the years immediately following the end of World War II, the carrying of weapons of any kind, as well the practice of martial arts, was prohibited by the GHQ. As a result, Saito felt he should study some kind of unarmed self-defense technique, and began training in Shinto-ryū karate at the Shudokan in Meguro. After a short time, his work with the Japanese National Railways transferred him to Iwama, and he was forced to find other martial arts training. Thinking judo would be a useful complement to his kendo and karate skills, he began training at a judo dojo in Ishioka. In the summer of 1946, however, Saito heard stories about an "old man doing strange techniques up on the mountain near Iwama." It seemed that people were confused about what martial art, exactly, this old man was practicing, but one judo instructor said the man was teaching "Ueshiba-ryū Judo."
Hélio Gracie issued a challenge to a highly touted Judoka named Masahiko Kimura. An agreement was made under what would be known as the "Gracie Rules" via the Gracie Challenge that throws and pins would NOT count towards victory only submission or loss of consciousness. This played against Judo rules in which Pins and throws can award someone a victory. Kimura would go on to defeat Hélio in 14 minutes. Kimura broke Hélio's arm during the match with a reverse ude-garami after applying a number of submissions. According to Kimura in his book "My Judo", he thought of Hélio Gracie to be a 6th dan judoka at the time of his fight with him in 1951.
The sport was first introduced to the United States in about 1902 when then US President, Theodore Roosevelt, practiced in the White House. Judo began to develop in the 1950s when it became required for the US Air Force. After these advances it was officially recognized as an AAU sport, and there have been national competitions and tournaments ever since. The United States formed an Olympic team and competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics, which it continues to do to this day. Judo is now practiced by and estimated 100,000 American men, women, and children (25,000 registered in either the USJA, USJF, and USA Judo).
He is the author of "The Pyjama Game, A Journey Into Judo", published in June 2007 by Aurum Press, for which he was named as Best New Writer in the 2008 British Sports Book Awards. The book was published in the US under the title "Falling Hard: A Journey Into The World Of Judo". Robert Twigger, author of Angry White Pyjamas, in The Sunday Times referred to The Pyjama Game as "an excellent history of judo combining theory, story-telling and first-hand practice". Taki, of The Spectator, also called "Mark Law’s excellent The Pyjama Game" "the greatest judo book ever".
The Kodokan Institute offers classes for those who want to master judo. The program is authorized as a non-regular school by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Its courses include the theories and practice of judo, and matters of general education. The course is divided into two parts: a general course for novices, and special courses for those who have completed the general course or its equivalent.
Gerbi, who began practicing judo at age 6, trains with club Meditav Netanya. Shani Hershko, former coach of the Israeli women's national judo team, has been her trainer since childhood.
Kata(形, kata, forms) are pre-arranged patterns of techniques and in judo, with the exception of the Seiryoku-Zen'yō Kokumin-Taiiku, they are all practised with a partner. Their purposes include illustrating the basic principles of judo, demonstrating the correct execution of a technique, teaching the philosophical tenets upon which judo is based, allowing for the practice of techniques that are not allowed in randori, and to preserve ancient techniques that are historically important but are no longer used in contemporary judo.[36]
Takemori began practicing judo in 1937. He founded the Washington Judo Club with Don Draeger and taught there from the end of World War II. The club became the largest in the area and while there he would reach 9th dan in judo (one of the handful of Americans to reach that rank). James Takemori was one of the founders of the Judo Black Belt Federation which became the United States Judo Federation. By 1965, he was considered one of the top 15 judo black belts in America. He served as a coach for the 1964 US Olympic judo bronze medalist Jim Bregman and served as a coach for the US men's and women's national teams. He served on selection committees for the US men's and women's national and international teams. He served as a coach for other US Teams as well including the Southern US Team. Takemori utilized his influence in getting Allen Coage named to the US 1976 Olympic Team in the open weight class where he won a bronze medal. It was under Takemori's leadership that the US Women won three bronze medals in the first women's Worlds Championships in judo. He served as the USJF Juniors chairman. He also served as Chairman of the AAU Junior Judo Program.
Mansour Sarwari (born 30 March 1992) is an Afghan male kurash practitioner who also practiced judo and sambo. He has competed at the 2015 World Judo Championships and took part in the men's +100kg event.
Musician Mark Kasprzyk, who previously went by the stage name 'Kazzer', was an alternate for Canada's 2000 Olympic Judo team. In the video for his best known song as Kazzer, "Pedal to the Metal" (2002), Kasprzyk confronts a bully (played by Sebastian Pawlak, also a judo fighter) and disables him using the Judo throw "ippon seoi nage". He now goes by 'Kaz' and is the front man for the group Redlight King, best known for a song titled "Old Man" (2011) that samples fellow Canadian Neil Young's song by the same name.
In the book, Kyuzo Mifune explains his metaphysical view of Judo, its role in Japanese society (and the world), and benefits to the individual player. He notes that Judo initially only included throws, and explains the difference between Judo and Ju-jutsu. He discusses the role of competition in Judo, and the purpose of free practice, randori, and explains that it is an indispensable part of the sport.
Judo pedagogy emphasizes randori (乱取り, literally "taking chaos", but meaning "free practice"). This term covers a variety of forms of practice, and the intensity at which it is carried out varies depending on intent and the level of expertise of the participants. At one extreme, is a compliant style of randori, known as Yakusoku geiko(約束稽古, prearranged practice), in which neither participant offers resistance to their partner's attempts to throw. A related concept is that of Sute geiko(捨稽古, throw-away practice), in which an experienced judoka allows himself to be thrown by his less-experienced partner.[34] At the opposite extreme from yakusoku geiko is the hard style of randori that seeks to emulate the style of judo seen in competition. While hard randori is the cornerstone of judo, over-emphasis of the competitive aspect is seen as undesirable by traditionalists if the intent of the randori is to "win" rather than to learn.[35]