Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that answer the question.
Query: When was manga first invented?
The history of manga is said to originate from scrolls dating back to the 12th century, and it is believed they represent the basis for the right-to-left reading style. The word first came into common usage in the late 18th century. Manga is a Japanese term that can be translated as "comic"; Historians and writers on manga history have described two broad and complementary processes shaping modern manga. Their views differ in the relative importance they attribute to the role of cultural and historical events following World War II versus the role of pre-war, Meiji, and pre-Meiji Japanese culture and art.
In the Manga
She is the main character of the manga. She first meets Takuto Meyers when she accidentally falls and got her skirt caught which left her hanging upside down; fortunately for her, Takuto was there to help her down. Milfie was the one who invited Takuto to join them in their mission and she is the first person in the manga who openly trusts Takuto. Near the end of the manga, when Takuto asked Milfie how she felt when she found out that he was the one piloting the Sharp Shooter, he leans in to kiss her before she could even continue answering Takuto's question for her. In the manga of Galaxy Angel II, Milfie is the current gate keeper and is married to Takuto.
From 2008 to 2010, "Weekly Shōnen Jump" published once a month a chapter of "Hetappi Manga Kenkyūjo R" (lit. "Hetappi Manga Research Lab R"), Murata's remake of Akira Toriyama's "Hetappi Manga Kenkyūjo". It is a story about Saitou, a "Jump" editor based on Murata and Inagaki's own editor on "Eyeshield 21", who decides to become a manga artist and threatens Murata to teach him how to draw manga. A collected volume of the series was released by Shueisha on June 3, 2011. In 2012, Murata posted on Twitter a short story in the same universe in which Saitou pesters the Murata for his manuscript and it was well received for its inventive use of folded paper, cutouts and white-out to create a three-dimensional appearance for his comic.
The manga is an adaptation of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's "Crime and Punishment" by Naoyuki Ochiai. It was serialized in Futabasha's manga magazine "Manga Action" from January 23, 2007 to March 15, 2011 and was collected into ten tankōbon volumes. The manga was licensed in North America by JManga and was one of its release titles when the website launched on August 17, 2011. JManga published the first five volumes before becoming defunct. The manga was also published in France by Delcourt (under the title "Syndrome 1866") and in Taiwan by Ever Glory Publishing.
Sorachi became interested in manga during his childhood. However, during the 4th grade he showed his manga work to his father who immediately laughed at him, after which he abandoned his dream of being a manga artist. After graduating from college, he could not find a job and began drawing manga again to make money. He was able to live from his first work "Dandelion", which was featured in the first volume of "Gintama", along with a prologue from Sorachi calling it his first official work. When starting serialization the manga was unpopular and was close to being cancelled. Although Sorachi was pleased with the first "tankōbon" selling all of its copies, he later learned Shueisha was afraid of poor sales which resulted in the minimum printed. In order to increase its popularity, the author introduce new characters, the Shinsengumi, who felt memorable to his assistants. Sorachi had little hope on the manga's popularity, as he noted that people used to tell him the manga would not surpass the number of two "tankōbon" volumes. However, once the third volume was released, Sorachi found that he did not have "any fresh material to use." During the first year of the series, Sorachi believed that the source of the popularity of "Gin Tama" was partially connected to the Shinsengumi drama. While the drama ran during the first year of the series, when the manga was mostly shorter stories that established the characters and the world, he felt uncomfortable of making things related to the drama. By the second year and beyond, he became more daring in his stories and concepts, creating longer storylines that included more drama while keeping his sense of humor and satirization of modern Japan by way of his fictionalized past. Although Sorachi has already planned the series' ending, he is not sure when the manga is going to reach that point due to the characters requiring development to behave the way he wants.
When ADV Manga was formed in 2003, the "Gunslinger Girl" manga series was one of the first titles the new branch of ADV Films licensed for an English language release in North America. The first volume was released on November 18, 2003, with the next two volumes not released until 2005. At the 2005 AnimeNEXT convention, ADV representative David L. Williams said the slow schedule was due to ADV Manga feeling that they had rushed into the manga market in a period when it was too saturated with new manga titles. After the third volume was released that year, the series went on a two-year hiatus. Release of the series resumed in July 2007 with the publication of the fourth volume, and six volumes were released as of April 2008. On April 8, 2010, manga publisher Seven Seas Entertainment announced that it has licensed "Gunslinger Girl" and will be re-released, with a new translation and in omnibus format.
When there is a conflict between a Princess' work and school classes, absence from class or leaving early can be considered as a school vacation, and the absence will not show up on his attendance record. Every month the Princesses receive thirty school luncheon vouchers each. Therefore, when they eat at school, they do not have to pay. All necessary school supplies (notebooks, school apparel, etc.) are covered by the Princess budget, which is the largest in the whole school. Also, the Princesses will receive partial profit they can use as pocket money from the photography club that takes pictures of the Princesses and sells them to other students. The school rules require the photography club to share profits with whoever serves as model for the photos they sell, and the photographs of the Princesses are the most sought-after.The "Princess Princess" manga, written and illustrated by Mikiyo Tsuda, was first serialized in the manga magazine "Wings", with the first "tankōbon" volume being released at August 2002. The series was published by Shinshokan in five volumes. Once the first manga series ended, a sequel entitled "Princess Princess +" started serialization in the May 2006 issue of "Wings". The first manga series has been licensed by Digital Manga Publishing, with the first volume released in November 2006. Mikiyo has commented that "Wings" preferred her not to write it as a shōnen-ai series.
The manga's compiled book volumes have frequently ranked on Oricon. Volume 2 was ranked first, and has sold up to 208,765 copies in its first week. Volume 3 was ranked fourth, and has sold up to 209,102 copies in its first week. Volume 4 was ranked first, and has sold up to 283,523 copies in its first week. The manga has up to 4.2 million copies in print as of July 20, 2017. It manga was ranked first in the 2016 edition of "Kono Manga ga Sugoi!" (This Manga Is Amazing!) guidebook. The manga was ranked ninth in the "Zenkoku Shotenin ga Eranda Osusume Comic 2017" (Nationwide Bookstore Employees' Recommended Comics of 2017) poll on February 1, 2017. It was nominated for the 41st Kodansha Manga Award in the "Best General Manga" category. In September 2017, it won the "Web Manga General Election".
Sansha San'yō began as a Japanese manga series by Cherry Arai and was first published in Manga Time Kirara 's February 2003 issue. The manga is serialized at Manga Time Kirara except between December 2003 to January 2007 when the manga is serialized at Manga Time Kirara Carat. The manga was serialized in fourteen tankōbon volumes.
"Chihayafuru" won the second Manga Taishō award, and the 35th Kodansha Manga Award in the shōjo manga category. When "Chihayafuru" won the Manga Taishō award, it was commented that the series combines elements of the sport genre and literary elements with a discerning eye on the subject matter. The manga had sold over 16 million copies in Japan as the first half of 2016,
and its popularity has boosted the popularity of competitive "karuta". The manga has regularly appeared on Oricon's Japanese Comic Ranking chart. Between March 2009 and September 2011, the fourth through fourteenth volumes all appeared in the top 25 during the week of their release and the week after.
Jason Thompson was a manga editor for Viz Media in 2000 when he first began wanting to craft a manga encyclopedia. At the time, there was little interest in publishing it, so Thompson remained at Viz. Thompson became the first editor in chief of the company's newly launched "Shonen Jump" manga anthology. The magazine was highly successful, but Thompson wanted to work on his own projects and stepped down after six issues when Viz declined his request to switch to part-time work. In 2005, Del Rey approached Thompson about his idea for a manga encyclopedia, reviving the project. It took two years to compile the book, and Thompson resigned from Viz to do so. The main difference between Thompson's original concept and the published version is that he originally intended the work to be organized by artist rather than title, and wanted to place more emphasis on manga's relationship to the more popular anime medium.
Deb Aoki, writing for About.com, enjoyed the "inventive premise" of the series, feeling that the use of historical figures added to the characterisation of the clones. Comic Book Bin's Leroy Douresseaux's first impression was of "a rather peculiar boarding school drama", but felt that the development of the story signalled the manga was about "more than teen angst", describing it as an "engrossing read". Katherine Dacey of Manga Critic felt the story had potential that hadn't "gelled yet" at the conclusion of the first volume.
Ecuele Manga's second season with the club started when Ecuele Manga played as center-back in the first-twelve (including scoring his first goal of the season against Brest on 29 October 2011) until he was absence through injury and suspension. While on the sidelined, Ecuele Manga signed a contract with the club, keeping him until 2015. Ecuele Manga then made his return in early-December, in a 4–0 loss against Montpellier. On 17 March 2012, Ecuele Manga scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 win over Brest. Though scoring twice in thirty-two appearance in his second season, Ecuele Manga's agent announced that Ecuele Manga will stay at the club following a re–ignited interests from clubs around Europe.
Invention in the U.S. is generally defined to comprise two steps: (1) conception of the invention and (2) reduction to practice of the invention. When an inventor conceives of an invention and "diligently" reduces the invention to practice (by filing a patent application, by practicing the invention, etc.), the inventor's date of invention will be the date of conception. Thus, provided an inventor is diligent in actually reducing an application to practice, he or she will be the first inventor and the inventor entitled to a patent, even if another files a patent application, constructively reducing the invention to practice, before the inventor.
Kanna, a 15-year-old manga artist and also a pro who has debuted her manga "Teach Me Budda" is excited when she finds out that her school is offering a course in manga drawing. She is dismayed however, when her home-room teacher knows little of what she is doing and that there are few people in her class. On her first day she meets three boys' Fumio, Fujio, and Shota who find out that she is a pro by guessing and ask her to be their sensei. Making matters worse for Kanna her manga falls down in popularity ratings and she falls behind on her deadlines. Kanna wonders how she will be able to finish up her manga while having to deal with three delusional guys who want to be manga artists and retain her sanity.
Written by Kaho Miyasaka, the first chapter of the "Kare First Love" manga premiered in the March 2002 issue of the bi-monthly magazine "Shōjo Comic". New chapters continued running until the August 2004 issue, when the series concluded. The series was published in 10 "tankōbon" volumes by Shogakukan between July 26, 2002 and December 20, 2004. The fourth and seventh volumes were made available in regular and special editions, with the fourth volume special edition including a postcard, and the seventh including a DVD containing a digital manga. The manga is licensed in North America by Viz Media which released the manga between September 7, 2004 and December 12, 2006. The manga is licensed in France by Panini Comics under its Génération Comics imprint, in Spain by Panini Comics, in Germany by Egmont Manga & Anime, in Denmark by Mangismo Danmark, in Sweden by Mangismo Sverige, and in Taiwan by Ever Glory Publishing.
Josei manga (then called "Ladies Comics", or "Redikomi") began to appear in the 1980s, during a boom period in manga, when the women who grew up reading shōjo manga in the 1950s and 60s wanted manga for adult women. The first ladies comic magazine, "Be-Love", was printed in 1980. At the end of 1980 there were two ladies comics magazines, at the end of 1989 there were over fifty. Early ladies comics were free of sexual content, and the comics became more and more sexually extreme until the early 1990s. Manga branded as "Ladies' Comics" has acquired a reputation for being low-brow, and "dirty", and the term josei was created to move away from that image.
The storylines of the manga and the anime adaptation are markedly different: while the anime uses most of the same characters, the story of the first two seasons were invented for the television show. Most of the stories in the third season are based on the manga.
The manga version of "Sola" was first serialized in the Japanese shōnen manga magazine "Dengeki Daioh", published by MediaWorks. On December 21, 2006, the prologue was published, and then the following month on January 20, 2007, the first chapter was serialized, which continued until February 21, 2008 when the final chapter was published. The story is adapted from Naoki Hisaya's original concept and illustrated by Chako Abeno. Two bound volumes were published under MediaWorks' "Dengeki Comics" label, the first on July 27, 2007, and the second on March 27, 2008. The manga was licensed for English language-distribution in the US by Broccoli Books; the first volume was released on June 18, 2008. The second volume was never released before Broccoli International USA was shut down.
"Sgt. Frog" is published in Japan by Kadokawa Shoten, serialized in the magazine "Shōnen Ace", and was published in English by Tokyopop. The manga began its monthly run in the weekly shōnen magazine, "Shōnen Ace". The manga, first aimed at the older audience (teens/adults) from the first to the seventh volume, was toned down after the anime adaption started (since the TV series was a family show). However, the manga still maintains suggestive comedy that only the more mature audiences understand in present volumes. Tokyopop initially held the American rights to the "Sgt. Frog" manga until 2011 when the company ceased operations. By the time their publication ended, they had published 21 volumes. Their release of the manga have censored nipples drawn in some scenes, in order to get away from the OT (Older teen) rating and maintaining its Teen rating. Viz Media relicensed the manga for digital release on December 16, 2014.
Marimo Ragawa first started submitting manga to comic magazines when she was only 12 years old, which is when she was in 6th grade of elementary school. She continued to send her manga to the same magazine for four years, but a positive critical reception was yet to come. Ragawa then decided to switch to a different magazine. Surprisingly, her first submission to this magazine, "Hana to Yume", won a prize called the Top-prize (トップ賞). Two years later, she succeeded in achieving her debut with her first manga, "Time Limit".
Doraemon is an anime and manga written and illustrated by Fujiko F. Fujio, it was first published in December 1969 in Japan. The Doraemon franchise first appeared in Vietnam in 1992 when the Doraemon manga was published for the first time.
Yen Press licensed the manga series at New York Comic Con 2008 under the title "Higurashi When They Cry" for release in English in North America. The manga was initially serialized in Yen Press' "Yen Plus" anthology magazine, the first issue of which went on sale on July 29, 2008. The first English volume of the manga was originally planned to be sold in early 2009, but was released in November 2008.
The manga version, written and illustrated by Minari Endoh, originally started serialization in the Japanese shōnen manga magazine "Monthly G Fantasy" on November 18, 1999, published by Square Enix, and ran in that magazine until June 28, 2002 when it was switched over to the shōjo manga magazine "Monthly Comic Zero Sum", published by Ichijinsha. Due to the publisher switch, the first three volumes that were out at the time were re-published by Ichijinsha and released on August 26, 2002. As of April 15, 2015, sixteen bound volumes have been released in Japan. The manga has been licensed by Tokyopop for English language distribution in North America, and the first volume was released on January 10, 2006. As of January 6, 2009, ten volumes have been released in English. The license was returned to the original publisher when Tokyopop closed its doors.
When they both graduated to Osaka Municipal Nanryo Middle School, they began collaborating on manga ideas. Their first was an action manga called ', but they then experimented with other genres, such as baseball, karate, and romance. At first they drew strictly on notebook paper, but in the 8th Grade they drew ' on art paper and won the Kintetsu Manga Award. At that time they went by the pen name , a fusion of their respective pen names at the time.