Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that can help answer the question.
Query: When was The Wizard of Oz first published?
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (/ɒz/) is an American children's novel written by author L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900.[1] It has since seen several reprints, most often under the title The Wizard of Oz, which is the title of the popular 1902 Broadway musical adaptation as well as the iconic 1939 musical film adaptation.
The first two books written by Ruth Plumly Thompson, "The Royal Book of Oz" (published in 1921) and "Kabumpo in Oz" (published 1922), entered the public domain 75 years later (1997 and 1998, respectively) pursuant to the Copyright Act of 1976.
The next twelve books ("The Cowardly Lion of Oz" through "Speedy in Oz", published between 1923 and 1934) were still copyrighted when the 1998 Sonny Bono Act extended the copyright term a further twenty years, meaning works would now be copyrighted for 95 years. These twelve books of Thompson's are therefore still copyrighted, and will not begin entering the public domain until 2019. By 2030, all of them will be in the public domain.
Finally, as "Frank Baum", he produced a two-part manuscript called "Rosine and the Laughing Dragon" that was broken into "The Laughing Dragon of Oz" and "The Enchanted Princess of Oz". He barely mentioned Oz in the text, and no Oz characters were used except for his own and a brief mention of the Wizard. His publisher, Whitman, was sued by Reilly & Lee after publishing the first part in its Big Little Books series in 1936. The book quickly went out of print and Whitman agreed not to publish the sequel. Baum sold the rights to "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" to Samuel Goldwyn on January 26, 1934, for $60,000. Goldwyn sat on the rights, and ultimately sold them to MGM for the production of "The Wizard of Oz" (1939), for which Goldwyn saw a large profit that none of the Baums did.
Political interpretations of "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" include treatments of the modern fairy tale (written by L. Frank Baum and first published in 1900) as an allegory or metaphor for the political, economic, and social events of America in the 1890s. Scholars have examined four quite different versions of Oz: the novel of 1900, the Broadway play of 1901, the Hollywood film of 1939, and the numerous follow-up Oz novels written after 1900 by Baum and others.
The Wizard of Oz is a Super Nintendo Entertainment System video game which is loosely based on the 1939 film "The Wizard of Oz". It was developed by Manley & Associates and published by SETA Corporation in 1993. The object in the game is to defeat the Wicked Witch of the West that is trying to take Dorothy's ruby slippers so that Dorothy can return to Kansas.
The publishing company Reilly & Britton (later Reilly & Lee) published, in the form of end-papers to the first edition of "Tik-Tok of Oz" (1914), one of the Oz books, the only authenticated map (reproduced here) that shows the Land of Oz in its entirety. For some undiscovered reason this map flip-flops the directions of east and west. The West and East subsection of the Wikipedia article on the Land of Oz discusses this error and the resulting contradictions. The revised version of the map published by the International Wizard of Oz Club corrects the directions and reverses the map.
Cosgrove Payes had published her first Oz book, "The Hidden Valley of Oz", in 1951 with Reilly & Lee, the publisher of the Oz series since the time of Baum. "The Wicked Witch of Oz" would have been the next book in the series, and was intended for publication in 1954 but Reilly & Lee cancelled the project, since the Oz books were no longer selling well. The book remained unpublished until the International Wizard of Oz Club brought out the first edition in 1993, with illustrations by Eric Shanower. The club declared it book 45 in the series. In the documentary, "", Payes states that she refused all requests to read her manuscript with "not 'til it's a book."
Baum wrote The Wonderful Wizard of Oz without any thought of a sequel. After reading the novel, thousands of children wrote letters to him, requesting that he craft another story about Oz. In 1904, he wrote and published the first sequel, The Marvelous Land of Oz, explaining that he grudgingly wrote the sequel to address the popular demand.[52] Baum also wrote sequels in 1907, 1908, and 1909. In his 1911 The Emerald City of Oz, he wrote that he could not continue writing sequels because Ozland had lost contact with the rest of the world. The children refused to accept this story, so Baum, in 1913 and every year thereafter until his death in May 1919, wrote an Oz book, ultimately writing 13 sequels. The Chicago Tribune's Russell MacFall wrote that Baum explained the purpose of his novels in a note he penned to his sister, Mary Louise Brewster, in a copy of Mother Goose in Prose (1897), his first book. He wrote, "To please a child is a sweet and a lovely thing that warms one's heart and brings its own reward."[4] After Baum's death in 1919, Baum's publishers delegated the creation of more sequels to Ruth Plumly Thompson who wrote 21.[18] An original Oz book was published every Christmas between 1913 and 1942.[53] By 1956, five million copies of the Oz books had been published in the English language, while hundreds of thousands had been published in eight foreign languages.[4]
As an Oz and L. Frank Baum scholar, he also edited "The Critical Heritage Edition of the Wizard of Oz" for Schocken Books (1986), wrote the introduction to the first published version of the screenplay of "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)". He appears in the documentaries "Oz: the American Fairyland" and "Matilda Joslyn Gage" (1983), credited as an "Authority on L. Frank Baum". He gave the keynote address at the Centennial convention of "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" mounted by The International Wizard of Oz Club, and often makes public appearances in which he lectures on Baum.
Four of the "Little Wizard Stories" were re-issued in 1932 in a new form, as "The Little Oz Books with Jig Saw Oz Puzzles". A year or two later the four tales were released again, as part of a promotion for a "Wizard of Oz" radio program (sponsored by Jell-O). Rand McNally published the six stories in three booklets in 1939.
The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road, known in Japan as RIZ-ZOAWD, is a role-playing video game developed by Japanese developer Media.Vision for the Nintendo DS. The game is an adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", using its characters, locations and plot. The game was originally published in Japan by D3 Publisher on December 25, 2008. Xseed Games published the game in North America on September 29, 2009.
In a letter to his brother Harry, Baum wrote that the book's publisher, George M. Hill, predicted a sale of about 250,000 copies. In spite of this favorable conjecture, Hill did not initially predict that the book would be phenomenally successful. He agreed to publish the book only when the manager of the Chicago Grand Opera House, Fred R. Hamlin, committed to making The Wonderful Wizard of Oz into a musical stage play to publicize the novel. The play The Wizard of Oz debuted on June 16, 1902. It was revised to suit adult preferences and was crafted as a "musical extravaganza," with the costumes modeled after Denslow's drawings. Hill's publishing company became bankrupt in 1901, so Baum and Denslow agreed to have the Indianapolis-based Bobbs-Merrill Company resume publishing the novel.[4]
Alexander Volkov's six Oz books were published in the Soviet Union, so they are subject to Russian copyright law. The first book – "The Wizard of the Emerald City" – was published in 1939, when "The Wizard of Oz" was still copyrighted. "The Wizard of the Emerald City" is an adaptation of "The Wizard of Oz", borrowing liberally from the original book without even crediting Baum.
The subsequent four books were published between 1963 and 1970, and the last one – "The Secret of the Deserted Castle" – was published in 1980. At the time of publication, "The Wizard of Oz" and "The Land of Oz" were in the public domain, but the other Oz books were still copyrighted. However, Volkov's books are mostly original sequels to "The Wizard of the Emerald City", so whether they are infringing or not is difficult to say. Barely any of the elements from later Oz books are featured in Volkov's works, so most likely they were not infringing.
The Wizard returns in the novel "Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz". With Dorothy and the boy Zeb, he falls through a crack in the earth; in their underground journey, he acts as their guide and protector. Oz explains that his real name is Oscar Zoroaster Phadrig Isaac Norman Henkle Emmannuel Ambroise Diggs. To shorten this name, he used only his initials (O.Z.P.I.N.H.E.A.D.), but since they spell out the word "pinhead," he shortened his name further and called himself "Oz". When Ozma rescues them from the underground kingdoms, he recounts his story of becoming the ruler of Oz, and Ozma explains that before the witches usurped her grandfather's throne (an occurrence happening long before the wizard arrived), the ruler of Oz had always been known as Oz or (if female) Ozma. Ozma then permits him to live in Oz permanently. He becomes an apprentice to Glinda (the most powerful magic-worker in Oz). Ozma decrees that, besides herself, only The Wizard and Glinda are allowed to use magic unless the other magic users have permits.
"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" was published in 1900, and was the first to enter the public domain in "1956". This allowed Reilly & Lee, the publisher of all the other Oz books (as well as Baum's other books) to issue their own edition of "The Wizard of Oz", which had previously been published by George M. Hill Company and later by the Bobbs Merill Company after Hill went bankrupt..
The history of Oz prior to "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (often called the prehistory of Oz as it takes place before Baum's "histories") is often the subject of dispute, as Baum himself gave conflicting accounts. In "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", the title character recounts that he was a ventriloquist and a circus balloonist from Omaha, and during one flight the rope for his parachute vent became tangled, preventing him from descending until the next morning, and he awoke to find that he was floating over a strange land. When he landed, the people thought he was a great wizard because of his ability to fly. He did not disabuse them of this notion, and with his new power over them, he had them build a city with a palace in the center of Oz. He also ordered them to wear green glasses so it would appear to be made entirely of emeralds. However, in the later Oz books the city is depicted as actually being made of emerald or other green materials. The Wizard was a young man when he first arrived in Oz, and grew old while he was there. Afraid of the Wicked Witches of the West and the East, who, unlike him, could do real magic, the Wizard hid away in a room of his palace and refused to see visitors. He lived in this way until the arrival of Dorothy in the first book.
Thompson did not renew the copyright on her last five canonical books: "The Wishing Horse of Oz", "Captain Salt in Oz", "Handy Mandy in Oz", "The Silver Princess in Oz", and "Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz". Thus, these books entered the public domain 28 years after publication, between 1963 and 1967.
Congress amended the copyright law in 1992 so there would subsequently be automatic renewals of copyright. Therefore, the copyright on Thompson's deutero-canonical books "Yankee in Oz" (published in 1972) and "The Enchanted Island of Oz" (published in 1976) will not expire until 2068 and 2072 respectively.
Yankee in Oz is a 1972 Oz novel by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was the first published by The International Wizard of Oz Club. A letter from the Henry Regnery Company, which bought Reilly & Lee, is reproduced in the front indicating the publisher's blessing for the new Oz book to appear. It was originally written in 1959, but because the Oz books were not selling, it was not published. The first two editions of the book were published in 8½ x 11 inch format and running only 94 pages. This was done at the request of illustrator Dick Martin to reduce the number of required illustrations and to show them closer to the actual size they were drawn. The second printing (1986) featured a new cover, with the first edition artwork reprinted preceding the title page. The third printing (2007) is standard Oz book size. Its cover is a gaudier redesign of the second edition cover. The book also features maps by James E. Haff, and as such, Thompson correctly places the Winkie Country in the west of Oz.
Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz is the fourth book set in the Land of Oz written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by John R. Neill. It was published on June 18, 1908 and reunites Dorothy with the humbug Wizard from "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900). This is one of only two of the original fourteen Oz books (the other being "The Emerald City of Oz" (1910), to be illustrated with watercolor paintings.
Her first book, "The Hidden Valley of Oz", was published by Reilly & Lee in 1951. Her second, "The Wicked Witch of Oz" (1954) was denied publication on the grounds that the Oz books were not selling. The book was published by The International Wizard of Oz Club in 1993. She had a tendency to dismiss adult Oz fans and insist that Oz books are "for kids!", a view she expressed in the documentary, "".
Writer Salman Rushdie acknowledged "The Wizard of Oz was my very first literary influence" in his 2002 musings about the film.[81] He has written: "When I first saw The Wizard of Oz, it made a writer of me."[82] His first short story, written at the age of 10, was titled "Over the Rainbow".[82]
The Making of the Wizard Of Oz, written by film historian Aljean Harmetz, is a book about the production of the 1939 film "The Wizard of Oz". It was the second book ever published documenting the making of this film, released a year after Doug McClelland's 1976 work "Down the Yellow Brick Road".
The phrase "The Wizard of Oz" was included in the title to coincide with the MGM film "The Wizard of Oz", which was released the same year the book was published. As such, the focus of the story is on characters who appeared in the first book. Thompson focuses the book most strongly on Jellia Jamb, though that character was unnamed in the first book and was absent from the film.
Wolf is developing two novels based on The Wizard of Oz. The first is "The Journey to Oz", a retelling of The Wizard of Oz from Dorothy's perspective, and the second is a modern-day sequel to The Wizard of Oz and is titled "The Quest for Oz".
"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" is a 1900 children's novel written by American author L. Frank Baum. Since its first publication in 1900, it has been adapted many times: for film, television, theatre, books, comics, games, and other media.Many of the television programs cited in this list are not strict adaptions of "The Wizard of Oz"; rather, they have reinterpreted aspects of the book, such as characters and plot, to create sequels, prequels or side-plots, which are inspired by Baum's original text.
There are over 40 canonical Oz books, including 14 by Baum, all of which are considered "official" sequels or prequels to "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz". In addition, the following books use the Oz milieu as settings for their tales:Kevin Scott Collier. "The Wonderful Animated World of the Wizard of Oz: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly!" CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.