Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant documents that can help answer the question.
Query: When was the University of Freiburg founded?
The University of Freiburg (colloquially German: Uni Freiburg), officially the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg (German: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg), is a public research university located in Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The university was founded in 1457 by the Habsburg dynasty as the second university in Austrian-Habsburg territory after the University of Vienna. Today, Freiburg is the fifth-oldest university in Germany, with a long tradition of teaching the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences. The university is made up of 11 faculties and attracts students from across Germany as well as from over 120 other countries. Foreign students constitute about 16% of total student numbers.[4]
The Freiburg Faculty of Theology is one of the constituent faculties of the University of Freiburg located in Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It was one of the four founding faculties of the university in 1457. A Roman-Catholic faculty, approximately 700 students are enrolled as candidates for priesthood, as graduate theologists for service in the church, or in order to achieve graduate teaching qualifications. The Faculty of Theology has been home to influential theologians such as Thomas Murner, Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, the critic of Protestant Reformation Johann Eck. The most famous personality of the faculty is undoubtedly Desiderius Erasmus, who was a member of the faculty from 1529 on, although he did not engage in teaching.
Further changes were implemented, when the Breisgau was transferred from Further Austria to the newly founded Grand Duchy of Baden, which were characterized by times of financial uncertainty until Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden secured the continuous operation of the University of Freiburg with an annual contribution. With the founding of the Archdiocese of Freiburg, the academic education of priests was performed by the Faculty of Theology. Following this, an expansion of the faculty with further differentiation of studies was undertaken. In the following years, various additional chairs were created at the faculty, including a chair for Christian archaeology and art history as well as chair for church law. The Faculty of Theology attracted renowned theologians throughout this time such as Johann Leonhard Hug and Franz Xaver Kraus.
When Freiburg became a part of the newly established Grand Duchy of Baden (in German "Großherzogtum Baden") in 1805 (after Napoleon occupied the area of the formerly Further Austria), a crisis began for the university in Freiburg. Indeed, there were considerations by Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden and Karl, Grand Duke of Baden to close down the university in Freiburg while both of them thought that the Grand Duchy could not afford to run two universities at the same time (the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg had existed since 1386).
The University Medical Center Freiburg "(Universitätsklinikum Freiburg)" in Freiburg, Germany is the teaching hospital and part of the medical research unit of the University of Freiburg and home to its Faculty of Medicine. The medical center is one of the largest in Europe. Medical services at the University of Freiburg date back to the university's founding in 1457, as the Faculty of Medicine was one of the four founding faculties.
The Bernstein Center Freiburg (BCF) is the central facility for experimental and theoretical research in the areas of computational neuroscience and neurotechnology at the University of Freiburg. As a member of the national network for computational neuroscience (NNCN), founded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in 2004, the BCF is one of a total of six Bernstein Centers in Germany. Like the other Bernstein Centers, it was named after the German physiologist Julius Bernstein. The BCF is located in the former Institute of Brain Research ("Neurophys") in Freiburg-Herdern. Initially known as Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Freiburg (BCCN), the institute was renamed Bernstein Center Freiburg in 2010. The coordination site for the national Bernstein Network resides in the building of the Bernstein Center Freiburg.
The Catholic University of Applied Sciences in Freiburg im Breisgau is the biggest University of Applied Sciences of Social- and Healthcare in the state of Baden-Württemberg. 
The responsible body of the Catholic University of Applied Sciences is the Catholic University of Applied Sciences Freiburg gGmbH ("Katholische Hochschule Freiburg gGmbH"). The shareholders are the archdiocese Freiburg, the diocese Rottenburg-Stuttgart, the German Caritas association, the Caritas association of the archdiocese Freiburg and the Caritas association of the diocese Rottenburg-Stuttgart.
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The Freiburg School () is a school of economic thought founded in the 1930s at the University of Freiburg.
After World War II, the university was reopened. New buildings for natural sciences were erected in the Institutsviertel ("institute quarter"). In the postwar years, the ideas of ordoliberalism, developed earlier by economists of the Freiburg School, such as Walter Eucken, Franz Böhm, Hans Grossmann-Doerth, and Leonhard Miksch, drove the creation of the German social market economy and its attendant Wirtschaftswunder. Nobel Prize winner and former professor at the University of Freiburg, Friedrich Hayek, is also associated with this theory. He directed the Walter Eucken Institut, an economic think tank in Freiburg cooperating with the university. Arnold Bergstraesser, considered a founding father or German political science after World War II, was also a professor at the University of Freiburg. His research group later formed what is now the Arnold Bergstraesser Institute for sociocultural research at the university.
The garden was founded in 1620 by the University of Freiburg. A building on the same property was rebuilt as a hospital for members of the university, which also served for anatomy training. It was one of the first botanical gardens in Germany. The garden was originally part of the University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine. The first director of the garden was Jacobus Walter (born 1655), a professor of medicine who was also responsible for botany. During the Thirty Years' War, the garden was destroyed.
Since the fall of 2005, the Hochschule has collaborated with the Universitätsklinikum Freiburg (Freiburg University Hospital) through the newly founded "Freiburger Institut für Musikermedizin" (Freiburg Institute for Performing Arts Medicine) in order to research, teach, and promote specialized patient care based on the often overlooked connection between music making and health.
Freiburg Botanical Garden (German: Botanischer Garten Freiburg or "Botanischer Garten der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg") is a botanical garden in the Herdern district at Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany and is associated with the University of Freiburg as the "Forschungs- und Lehrgarten der Universität Freiburg" (Garden for research and teaching of the University of Freiburg) of the Faculty of Biology. The current director of the garden is Professor Dr. Thomas Speck.
The operating company of the Messe is "Freiburg Wirtschaft Touristik und Messe GmbH & Co. KG" (FWTM), which is under the absolute ownership of the City of Freiburg. The company was founded in 2005 when the separate corporations "Messe Freiburg" and "Freiburg Wirtschaft & Touristik GmbH & Co. KG" (FWT) merged. The FWTM also runs the Freiburg Konzerthaus and several other venues. It is in charge of the economic development and promotion of tourism as well. The FWTM's business executives are Dr. Bernd Dallmann and Klaus W. Seilnacht. The chairman of the board is Dr. Dieter Salomon, the mayor of Freiburg and a member of the Alliance '90/The Greens.
The faculty's botanical garden was founded in 1620 by the university's Faculty of Medicine as "hortus medicus". It was almost completely destroyed during the Thirty Years' War in 1632 and in 1677, when the city of Freiburg was taken by French troops, barracks were built on the former area of the botanical garden.
The Corps Suevia Freiburg is one of the oldest German Student Corps, a Studentenverbindung or student corporation founded by 13 students at the Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg on June 21, 1815. As a member of the Freiburger Senioren Convent (SC) it is a founding member of the Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband (KSCV, est. 1848), the oldest fraternity association in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
In the year 1993, Hennig was appointed a professorship at the University Medical Center Freiburg as the head of the MR Tomography work group in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology. In 1998 he was designated as the Director of the Department of Imaging and Functional Medical Physics of the Department of Diagnostic Radiology. In 2001 he became Research Director of the Department of Diagnostic Radiology. In the same year he founded the Magnetic Resonance Development and Application Center (MRDAC) at the University Medical Center Freiburg. A cooptation at the School of Mathematics and Physics of the University of Freiburg followed in the year 2002.
Baden-Württemberg is home to some of the oldest, most renowned, and prestigious universities in Germany, such as the universities of Heidelberg (founded in 1386, the oldest university within the territory of modern Germany), Freiburg (founded in 1457), and Tübingen (founded in 1477). It also contains three of the eleven German 'excellence universities' (Heidelberg, Tübingen, and Konstanz and formerly, Freiburg and Karlsruhe).
The Faculty of Medicine was one of the original four faculties constituting the University of Freiburg when it was founded in 1457. At first, the faculty consisted of only a single professor and few students. Medical education in the early modern era was mainly marked by theory and the reading of texts from classical and Arabic works that had been translated to Latin. As was common at the time, little emphasis was placed on patient care and bedside teaching in the curriculum and academic medicine shared the health care market with other professions such as barber surgeons, midwives, and lithtomists. During the period of enlightened absolutism, a new interest by the state in philanthropy saw the founding of several secular hospitals, a development which also revolutionized the medical curricula. Clinical classes were introduced and the university's first own clinic was founded in 1751.
Alfred Hegar was chosen to be the successor of Otto Spiegelberg as professor for gynecology and obstetrics at the University of Freiburg in 1864 and was the first head of the Universitäts-Frauenklinik of the University Medical Center Freiburg when it opened in 1868. Hegar also founded the journal "Beiträge zur Geburthilfe und Gynäkologie" in 1898. He was a pioneer of antiseptics and antiseptic procedures. Hegar retired in 1904.
The city of Freiburg is known for its environmentally friendly policies and focus on renewable energy and sustainability, attracting solar industry and research to the city. This environmentally conscious attitude also extends to the University of Freiburg which has founded the work group "Nachhaltige Universität Freiburg" (Sustainable University of Freiburg) and has drawn up environmental guidelines to be implemented in university practice.
The University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine (German "Medizinische Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg") is the medical school and dental school of the University of Freiburg and forms university's biomedical research unit together the University Medical Center Freiburg. The faculty was founded in 1457 as one of Germany's oldest and is regarded among its most distinguished.
Walchner was born in Meersburg. He studied in Göttingen and at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg. In 1817 he joined the Corps Rhenania Freiburg. In Freiburg he was member of the Burschenschaft "Genossenschaft/Verein zur Bearbeitung wissenschaftlicher Gegenstände" (Union cooperative / Association for processing scientific objects) and by the year 1818 he was member of the "Alten Freiburger Burschenschaft" (Old Freiburg fraternity). In Freiburg he habilitated in 1823 and became a private lecturer and associate professor. In 1825 he was appointed to professor in mineralogy, geology and chemistry at the then newly founded Polytechnic School Karlsruhe, where he was one of the twelve lecturers at the time of founding. From 1833-1836 he held the post of rector there.
There was plenty of ferment, intellectual and otherwise, at the newly founded Cardozo when Brickman returned to his native city in 1976. The school's founding dean, Monrad G. Paulsen (1918-1980), had served as dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, and on the faculties of the University of Utah, University of Minnesota, Indiana University, Columbia University, University of Göttingen, and University of Freiburg.
Having grown with the city since the 15th century, the university's buildings are deeply intertwined with the city. The three large campuses are the university center next to the historical city center, the institutes quarter, and the engineering campus, but other buildings can be found scattered throughout Freiburg.
The Catholic University of Applied Sciences Freiburg (German "Katholische Hochschule Freiburg") was founded in 1971 through combining several predecessor institutions. It is one of the five Universities of Freiburg and one of the seven Catholic Universities of Applied Sciences in Germany.