Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant passages that answer the question.
Query: Is everything an object in Ruby?
Ruby is a dynamic, interpreted, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language. It was designed and developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan.
RubyCocoa is a Mac OS X framework that provides a bridge between the Ruby and the Objective-C programming languages, allowing the user to manipulate Objective-C objects from Ruby, and vice versa. It makes it possible to write a Cocoa application completely in Ruby as well as to write an application that mixes Ruby and Objective-C code. An Apple project called MacRuby was under development to replace RubyCocoa in 2008. A proprietary spin-off called RubyMotion was subsequently released in 2012, available for iOS, OS X and Android.
Rodeo Ruby Love is an pop/rock band that formed in Marion, Indiana. They are signed to Pentimento Music Company, an independent record label. The band gained prominence in 2011, when they toured with Streetlight Manifesto and Reel Big Fish. Rodeo Ruby released its first album, Your Love Has Made Everything Beautiful, in 2006. They have since released two EP's, three more studio albums, and a live album.
Ruby was allowed to describe how, about 1948, during an extended absence of her husband, she had, in her home, submitted to the doctor. She was allowed to state that her youngest child was his. Yet thirty-eight times Frank Cannon attempted to proceed from this point; thirty-eight times he attempted to create the opportunity for Ruby to tell her whole story and thus explain what were her motives; thirty-eight times the State objected; and thirty-eight times Judge Adams sustained these objections.
Fiz and Tina find Alison and tells her what has happened but she refuses to believe them. When she confronts Kirsty, however, she admits it and promises to tell the police everything but changes her mind when she sees Alison leaving Tina's flat. In court, she stuck to her statement, much to Fiz and Alison's disgust. Alison offers to move in with her and help with Ruby, on condition that she tells the truth but Kirsty refuses, telling Alison that she is not welcome. However, the truth comes out when she finds Sally Webster (Sally Dynevor) looking after Ruby and angrily chucked her out, shouting at Julie for abandoning her and throws a plate at her. She immediately apologizes, blaming her stressful day. The next day, Ruby won't stop crying and Kirsty asks Dr. Carter for sleeping pills but storms out when he refuses. Julie, worried about what she saw, confronts Kirsty but she loses her temper and slaps Julie and gives her a bloody lip, so she runs out. Realising that now everyone will soon know the truth, she breaks down. When Ruby won't stop crying, she shouts at her to shut up. Julie and Sean notice that Ruby has stopped crying and go to investigate, finding the house empty so Brian and Julie go to court but are told that Julie's complaint is not relevant to Tyrone's case and to go to the police if they want to make a formal complaint. Meanwhile, Kirsty and Ruby go into the courtroom and Kirsty admits that she is the monster, not Tyrone. Ruby was taken to social services, Tyrone ended up back in his cell and Kirsty was arrested. She admitted everything to the police and Tyrone was discharged from the court, and Ruby is returned to him. Kirsty sees Tyrone and Fiz walking away with her baby while she is taken to prison.
Factory Bot, originally known as Factory Girl, is a software library for the Ruby programming language that provides factory methods to create test fixtures for automated software testing. The fixture objects can be created on the fly; they may be plain Ruby objects with a predefined state, ORM objects with existing database records or mock objects.
In Ruby, several objects can be considered function objects, in particular Method and Proc objects. Ruby also has two kinds of objects that can be thought of as semi-function objects: UnboundMethod and block. UnboundMethods must first be bound to an object (thus becoming a Method) before they can be used as a function object. Blocks can be called like function objects, but to be used in any other capacity as an object (e.g. passed as an argument) they must first be converted to a Proc. More recently, symbols (accessed via the literal unary indicator codice_35) can also be converted to codice_36s. Using Ruby's unary codice_37 operator—equivalent to calling codice_38 on an object, and assuming that method exists—the Ruby Extensions Project created a simple hack.
DataMapper is an object-relational mapper library written in Ruby that follows the active record pattern even though the name implies it follows the data mapper pattern. While DataMapper 1 may not have achieved total decoupling between object and database suggested by the data mapper pattern, it appears DataMapper 2 intended to change this ("a la" Virtus, a library adapted from DataMapper). The DataMapper 2 project was renamed before launch and was released as Ruby Object Mapper (ROM) in August 2013.
Ruby is object-oriented: every value is an object, including classes and instances of types that many other languages designate as primitives (such as integers, booleans, and "null"). Variables always hold references to objects. Every function is a method and methods are always called on an object. Methods defined at the top level scope become methods of the Object class. Since this class is an ancestor of every other class, such methods can be called on any object. They are also visible in all scopes, effectively serving as "global" procedures. Ruby supports inheritance with dynamic dispatch, mixins and singleton methods (belonging to, and defined for, a single instance rather than being defined on the class). Though Ruby does not support multiple inheritance, classes can import modules as mixins.
Back in the sheriff's office, Henry (Jared S. Gilmore) helps Ruby look for jobs, such as being a bike courier. When Ruby answers the phone and takes messages for Emma, she applauds her for her help and offers her a job as her assistant. Ruby goes to pick up lunch for everyone just as Mary Margaret walks in to tell Emma everything that happened with David. At the diner, Ruby tries to flaunt how happy she is now, but Granny doesn't seem to buy it. She tells Ruby her new job is basically the same as her old one, majorly cutting down Ruby's confidence. When she returns with the food, Emma tells Ruby that she's going to do real police work and help her find David. They follow tracks in the woods when Ruby hears something. With Ruby in the lead, she and Emma find David groaning and barely conscious. He reveals that he doesn't remember anything since leaving the sheriff's office the previous night. At the same time, Ruby doesn’t know how she found him.
Natasha runs into Ruby and Poppy at Harold's Store and tells Ruby to meet up with Michael before she goes. Ruby tells her that she and Poppy have too much to do, but Poppy thinks it is a great idea. Ruby says that she will have to say goodbye to Michael all over again and that it was hard enough the first time. Ruby and Michael are set up by Natasha and they talk. They tell Natasha and Poppy that they have decided to end everything, until Poppy tells them to have an entire relationship in one day. Ruby and Michael enjoy themselves and Michael later tells Ruby that they should not let their relationship go and asks her to stay. Ruby tells Michael that she really likes him, but she cannot abandon her whole life in England. Ruby then tells him that the day is not over yet and they spend all night at the beach. Ruby and Michael say goodbye at Harold's Store, before she and Poppy leave for the airport.
The COM permits interprocess communication (such as between Ruby and Internet Explorer) and dynamic object creation and manipulation (which is what the Ruby program does to the Internet Explorer). Microsoft calls this OLE automation, and calls the manipulating program an automation controller. Technically, the Internet Explorer process is the server and serves the automation objects, exposing their methods; while the Ruby program then becomes the client which manipulates the automation objects.
In 1999, the first English language mailing list ruby-talk began, which signaled a growing interest in the language outside Japan.[21] In this same year, Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka wrote the first book on Ruby, The Object-oriented Scripting Language Ruby (オブジェクト指向スクリプト言語 Ruby), which was published in Japan in October 1999. It would be followed in the early 2000s by around 20 books on Ruby published in Japanese.[14]
Because of the variety of forms, the term Functor is not generally used in Ruby to mean a Function object.
Just a type of dispatch delegation introduced by the Ruby Facets project is named as Functor. The most basic definition of which is:
Geoff developed a romance with Ruby Buckton (Rebecca Breeds) just before his departure. Breeds said that there was "a lot of love between them" and that they had a beautiful relationship. She also said that while circumstances changed, their feelings did not. When Geoff and Ruby decided to get intimate, Ruby took the initiative to make it special between them. Breeds thought Geoff and Ruby were a great couple and commented that Geoff had a level of maturity that Ruby's ex-boyfriend did not have. She also enjoyed working with Lewis and believed that they had a good chemistry together. Lewis told "TV Week"'s Carolyn Stewart that it took Geoff and Ruby about a year to work out what was going between them. He continued "I don't want to bring "Twilight" into it – and the vampire dude that I don't like! – but he can't be with the girl he loves and it kills him. That's what Geoff does to Ruby. He soon realises it doesn't help one little bit, but you'll have to watch to see exactly how everything happens!"
In May 2011, it was revealed that Ruby is illiterate. Ruby gets her friend, Sinead O'Connor (Stephanie Davis) to write a love letter from their friend, Esther Bloom (Jazmine Franks), to teaching assistant, Amy Barnes (Ashley Slanina-Davies). Shaffer told a columnist from "Inside Soap" that Ruby and Sinead "come up with all this ridiculous, over-the-top stuff" and put up copies of the letter around school. Amy discovers what Ruby and Sinead have done and asks them to write apology letters to Esther. Shaffer explained that Ruby seems worried and does everything she can to get out of writing the letter. Explaining the situation, Shaffer told "Inside Soap" [...] "Sinead realises that it's not because Ruby doesn't want to write the letter - it's because she can't". Esther discovers Ruby's illiteracy and decides to help. Esther's grandmother, Frankie Osborne (Helen Pearson), learns of Ruby's treatment of Esther and threatens to throw her out. However, Esther convinces Frankie to let Ruby stay when she reveals her illiteracy. Esther also tells their school headteacher, Pete Hamill (Peter Mitchell). Shaffer opined that Ruby is grateful to Esther as Ruby "wouldn't have the guts". The actress added that it was "nice" to see Ruby's vulnerability, but said it would not last.
After being hospitalised, Sinead learns she is pregnant. She steals a photograph of Rhys Ashworth (Andrew Moss) who also died in the crash, giving the impression he is the father of her baby. Shortly after the crash, Jono dies in Ruby's arms from a blood clot. Sinead and Bart decide to raise the baby together, and join Ruby in pressuring Esther to keep her and Bart's involvement in the crash secret. along with Ruby, pressure Esther in to keeping her and Bart's involvement in the crash secret. Sinead and Ruby's mistreatment of Esther escalates to the point that Esther attempts suicide which leads her to require a liver transplant. Sinead and Ruby make a pact to keep quiet about their bullying. However, Ruby feels guilty and admits her involvement to Esther's family. Meanwhile, Diane asks Sinead if she was involved but she denies everything. Diane, however, checks Sinead's laptop and smashes it when she finds the images Sinead posted. Diane convinces Sinead to blame it all on Ruby but Ruby reveals everything at a gathering. The morning after the event, Headmaster Patrick Blake (Jeremy Sheffield) calls Sinead into his office. Sinead shows no remorse and is promptly expelled. She gets a job at Price Slice and after falling off a ladder, learns that she is having a girl. Sinead decides she no longer wants to keep her baby and plans to get rid of it but after talking to Cindy, she decides to give the baby to Diane who initially refuses to raise the baby but later changes her mind.
Thoroughly object-oriented with inheritance, mixins and metaclasses[87] Dynamic typing and duck typing Everything is an expression (even statements) and everything is executed imperatively (even declarations) Succinct and flexible syntax[88] that minimizes syntactic noise and serves as a foundation for domain-specific languages[89] Dynamic reflection and alteration of objects to facilitate metaprogramming[90] Lexical closures, iterators and generators, with a block syntax[91] Literal notation for arrays, hashes, regular expressions and symbols Embedding code in strings (interpolation) Default arguments Four levels of variable scope (global, class, instance, and local) denoted by sigils or the lack thereof Garbage collection First-class continuations Strict boolean coercion rules (everything is true except false and nil) Exception handling Operator overloading Built-in support for rational numbers, complex numbers and arbitrary-precision arithmetic Custom dispatch behavior (through method_missing and const_missing) Native threads and cooperative fibers (fibers are a 1.9/YARV feature) Support for Unicode and multiple character encodings. Native plug-in API in C Interactive Ruby Shell (a REPL) Centralized package management through RubyGems Implemented on all major platforms Large standard library, including modules for YAML, JSON, XML, CGI, OpenSSL, HTTP, FTP, RSS, curses, zlib and Tk[92]
YARD, is an embedded documentation generator for the Ruby programming language. It analyzes the Ruby source code, generating a structured collection of pages for Ruby objects and methods. Code comments can be added in a natural style.
Some useful applications of RubyCocoa are exploration of a Cocoa object's features with irb interactively, prototyping of a Cocoa application, writing a Cocoa application that combines the features of Ruby and Objective-C and wrapping Mac OS X's native GUI for a Ruby script.
Interactive Ruby Shell (IRB or irb) is a REPL for programming in the object-oriented scripting language Ruby. The abbreviation irb comes from the fact that the filename extension for Ruby is ".rb", although interactive Ruby files do not have an extension of ".irb". 
Rodeo Ruby Love was founded in 2005 by lead singer Zack Melton. Their music is inspired by the church hyms and pop-country radio of Zack Melton's childhood, and the energy of the scene in central Indiana. The band's name Rodeo Ruby Love was inspired by the name of Zack Melton's grandmother, Ruby, and his second favorite Garth brooks song, Rodeo. Rodeo Ruby Love recorded its first album, Your Love Has Made Everything Beautiful (2006), in a basement in Bloomington Indiana. They followed the album by simultaneously releasing two EP's, What Loneliness Can Do To You and Honest To God (2007), and touring through the midwest and southeast. Their second album, Vs. The Great American Cities (2008), was released under Crossroads of America Records.
Maglev runs inside an image like Smalltalk, offering transparent object persistence to Ruby objects and classes. Object persistence is based on ACID transactions that allow multiple running instances to see a shared object graph. Maglev uses a process-based concurrency model, mapping Ruby threads to Smalltalk Processes, which are scheduled in the VM as green threads.
Geocoder (Ruby) is a geocoding library for Ruby. Geocoding helps to enhance webpages by presenting location relevant information to the user. When used with Rails, Geocoder adds geocoding functionality such as finding coordinates with street addresses or vice versa in addition to distance calculations for ActiveRecord objects. Since the functionality does not rely on proprietary database functions, finding different geocoded objects in an area works out-of-the-box for databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite.
Distributed Ruby (DRb) is a framework for distributed objects using the Ruby programming language.