Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that can help answer the question.
Query: When did Kinshasa become the capital of the Congo?
The city was founded as a trading post by Henry Morton Stanley in 1881. It was named Léopoldville in honour of King Leopold II of Belgium, who controlled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, not as a colony but as a private property. The post flourished as the first navigable port on the Congo River above Livingstone Falls, a series of rapids over 300 kilometres (190 miles) below Leopoldville. At first, all goods arriving by sea or being sent by sea had to be carried by porters between Léopoldville and Matadi, the port below the rapids and 150km (93mi) from the coast. The completion of the Matadi-Kinshasa portage railway, in 1898, provided an alternative route around the rapids and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. In 1914, a pipeline was installed so that crude oil could be transported from Matadi to the upriver steamers in Leopoldville.[9] By 1923, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the town of Boma in the Congo estuary.[9] The town, nicknamed "Léo" or "Leopold", became a commercial centre and grew rapidly during the colonial period.
Kindamba is a town in the Bas-Congo province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, situated to the southwest of the capital, Kinshasa.
Loyola University of Congo (ULC) was founded in 2016 by the Society of Jesus in Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Jesuits have pursued educational efforts in Kinshasa since 1954, and have named the university after the founder of Jesuits, Ignatius of Loyola.
Thérèse Izay, an engineer from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, designed traffic robots that were initially placed in two locations in Kinshasa towards the end of 2013. By 2015 five robot traffic police were in use in Kinshasa and one in Lubumbashi. The use of robots as traffic lights may be unique to the Democratic Republic of Congo. Izay hopes the government will help by providing funds to produce more robots.
Kinshasa is a city of sharp contrasts, with affluent residential and commercial areas and three universities alongside sprawling slums. It is located along the south bank of the Congo River, downstream on the Pool Malebo[13] and directly opposite the city of Brazzaville, capital of the Republic of the Congo. The Congo river is the second longest river in Africa after the Nile, and has the continent's greatest discharge. As a waterway it provides a means of transport for much of the Congo basin; it is navigable for large river barges between Kinshasa and Kisangani, and many of its tributaries are also navigable. The river is an important source of hydroelectric power, and downstream from Kinshasa it has the potential to generate power equivalent to the usage of roughly half of Africa's population.[14]
Brazzaville (, ) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo (Congo Republic). Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 1.8 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace, 40% of whom are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville was also the capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942.
The Lukunga River is a river that flows through the capital city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a tributary of the Congo River.
Kinshasa lies on a plain that is surrounded by hills, drained by many rivers. Of these, the Lukunga is one of the more important, and for this reason gives its name to the Lukunga District of the city.
The Kinshasa-Brazzaville metropolitan area describes the combined metropolitan area of Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo, which face each other across the Congo River. In addition to being the closest national capitals by proximity, it is the third largest urban agglomeration on the African continent, behind Lagos and Cairo, with an estimated population of 12,850,000. The two cities currently do not have a bridge between each other, and numerous attempts to link the two by bridge have yet to materialize.
In the capital city, Kinshasa, limited tourism opportunities exist. In downtown Kinshasa an ivory market exists where other than the obvious, Congolese art, tribal masks, and other beautiful goods can be procured. Outside Kinshasa is a bonobo preserve called Lola Ya Bonobo. In Kinshasa visits to the Congo River or the city golf course or downtown restaurants can be nice.
Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is the third-largest city in Africa with 10 million inhabitants. The film shows how some people living there have managed to forge one of the most complex systems of human cooperation ever invented: a symphony orchestra (Orchestre Symphonique Kimbanguiste) performing composers such as Handel, Verdi, Beethoven. "Kinshasa Symphony" shows Kinshasa in all its diversity, speed, colour, vitality and energy. It is a film about the Congo, about the people of Kinshasa and about music.
Maluku is a municipality ("commune") in the Tshangu district of Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Masina is a municipality ("commune") in the Tshangu district of Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The Brazzaville–Kinshasa Bridge is a proposed road-rail bridge planned to connect Brazzaville in the Republic of the Congo and Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which are major capital cities on the Congo River. The project has proceeded intermittently, most recently reactivated in 2017.
The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The Republic of the Congo () was a sovereign state in Central Africa that was created with the independence of the Belgian Congo in 1960. From 1960 to 1966, the country was often known as "Congo-Léopoldville" (after its capital) in order to distinguish it from its north-western neighbour, also called the Republic of the Congo or Congo-Brazzaville. With the renaming of Léopoldville as Kinshasa on 1 June 1966, it was known as "Congo-Kinshasa" until 1971. 
The Republic of the Congo–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations or the Brazzaville-Kinshasa relations refers to the bilateral relations of the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa). The two nations share the basin of the Congo River after which both nations are named. The two nations' capital cities, Brazzaville and Kinshasa, are the two closest capital cities on Earth after Rome and the Vatican City, facing each other on both sides of the Congo River. As francophone nations formerly ruled by Belgium and France, both Congos are member states of La Francophonie.
Lower Congo constitutes the 'lower' parts of the great Congo River in Central Africa, that is the section of the river from the river mouth at the Atlantic coast to the twin capitals of Brazzaville in the Republic of the Congo and Kinshasa in the DR Congo.
Boma was the capital city of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo (the modern Democratic Republic of the Congo) from 1 May 1886 to 1926, when the capital was moved to Léopoldville (since renamed Kinshasa). The port handles exports of tropical timber, bananas, cacao, and palm products.
The family, which included Theluji, two siblings and their mother, relocated to Kinshasa, the capital and largest city in DR Congo. In 1993, when she was six years old, the family visited Kenya, but the returned to DR Congo. In 1996, when the First Congo War that removed Mobutu Sese Seko from power broke out, the family took refugee in Nairobi.
Boma continued as the capital of the Belgian Congo until 1926. Léopoldville, since renamed as Kinshasa, was designated as the new capital. (This territory is now the modern Democratic Republic of the Congo).
The Matadi–Kinshasa Railway is a railway line in Bas-Congo Province between the port of Matadi and Kinshasa, the capital of Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The Archdiocese of Kinshasa (Latin: "Archidioecesis Kinshasana"; French: "Archidiocèse de Kinshasa") is an archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its ecclesiastic territory includes the capital city of Kinshasa and surrounding districts. The archdiocese is the metropolitan see for the Ecclesiastical Province of Kinshasa. The current archbishop is Fridolin Ambongo Besungu. 
To distinguish between the two African countries with "Congo" in their names, the Republic of the Congo is sometimes called Congo-Brazzaville, as opposed to Congo-Kinshasa (the Democratic Republic of the Congo, known from 1971 to 1997 as Zaïre, the capital of which is Kinshasa). Kinshasa lies on the southern bank of the Congo, directly across from Brazzaville. This is the only place in the world where two national capital cities are on opposite banks of a river, within sight of each other. Since the mid-19th century the two cities have been rivals in trade, sports and power. There have been proposals to connect the two capitals by a Brazzaville–Kinshasa Bridge. In 2018, the African Development Bank and Africa50 signed a deal with both governments to develop the project.
The Our Lady of the Congo Cathedral () or simply Cathedral of Kinshasa, is the name given to a religious building of the Catholic Church located in the Liberation Avenue (formerly also called November 24 Avenue) in the city of Kinshasa, the capital and largest city of the African country of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Kinshasa (/kɪnˈʃɑːsə/; French:[kinʃasa]; formerly Léopoldville (French: Léopoldville or Dutch Leopoldstad)) is the capital and the largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is situated alongside the Congo River.