Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant passages that answer the question.
Query: When was github created?
GitHub was developed by Chris Wanstrath, PJ Hyett, Tom Preston-Werner and Scott Chacon using Ruby on Rails, and started in February 2008. The company, GitHub, Inc., has existed since 2007 and is located in San Francisco.[11]
The first version of FuelPHP (FuelPHP 1.0) was developed under the GitHub repository named Fuel. Another GitHub repository named FuelPHP was created for the development of the second version (FuelPHP 2.0).
Projects on GitHub can be accessed and manipulated using the standard Git command-line interface and all of the standard Git commands work with it. GitHub also allows registered and non-registered users to browse public repositories on the site. Multiple desktop clients and Git plugins have also been created by GitHub and other third parties that integrate with the platform.
This community worked together behind the scenes in a private GitHub project to create an open way to measure cloud performance. This community released the first public "beta" was released on February 11, 2015 and announced in a blog post at which point the GitHub project was open to everyone. After almost a year and with large adaption (600+ participants on GitHub) the V1.0.0 was released along with a detailed architectural design on December 10, 2015.
GitHub's mascot is an anthropomorphized "octocat" with five octopus-like arms.[45][46] The character was created by graphic designer Simon Oxley as clip art to sell on iStock,[47] a website that enables designers to market royalty-free digital images.
On June 19, 2018, GitHub expanded its GitHub Education by offering free education bundles to all schools.[25][26]
Leaseweb makes use of and contributes to many tools co-created in an open source environment such as GitHub, Apache CloudStack and Nginx. Leasweb’s development findings are on GitHub, the world’s largest open source community. Leaseweb are a sponsor of the Apache Software Foundation.    
GitHub launched a new program called the GitHub Student Developer Pack to give students free access to popular development tools and services. GitHub partnered with Bitnami, Crowdflower, DigitalOcean, DNSimple, HackHands, Namecheap, Orchestrate, Screenhero, SendGrid, Stripe, Travis CI and Unreal Engine to launch the program.[69]
As of CMPI 2.1, these header files are available on github in the CMPI github Project. Also as of CMPI 2.1 the CMIP interface documentation is also available as a github website at CMPI API documentation on github
Developers can download the latest build of VWF from github and submit their recommendations, code and applications directly on the site. Github allows users to create their own forks, submit pull requests, and leave questions, comments and support related items in the issue tracker.
In March 2014, GitHub programmer Julie Ann Horvath alleged that founder and CEO Tom Preston-Werner and his wife Theresa engaged in a pattern of harassment against her that led to her leaving the company.[51] In April 2014, GitHub released a statement denying Horvath's allegations.[52][53] However, following an internal investigation, GitHub confirmed the claims. GitHub's CEO Chris Wanstrath wrote on the company blog, "The investigation found Tom Preston-Werner in his capacity as GitHub's CEO acted inappropriately, including confrontational conduct, disregard of workplace complaints, insensitivity to the impact of his spouse's presence in the workplace, and failure to enforce an agreement that his spouse should not work in the office."[54] Preston-Werner then resigned from the company. In 2017 more allegations were made of discriminatory and unsupportive behavior at GitHub by a developer who had been recruited following a commitment by GitHub to improve its diversity and inclusivity.[55]
GitHub also operates other services: a pastebin-style site called Gist[59] that is for hosting code snippets (GitHub proper is for hosting larger projects).
On December 31, 2014, GitHub was blocked in India (along with 31 other websites) over pro-ISIS content posted by users.[74] On January 10, 2015, GitHub was unblocked.
On July 25, 2010, GitHub announced that it was hosting 1 million repositories.[13] On April 20, 2011, GitHub announced that it was hosting 2 million repositories.[14]
GitHub has been the target of censorship from governments using methods ranging from local Internet service provider blocks, intermediary blocking using methods such as DNS hijacking and man-in-the-middle attacks, and denial-of-service attacks on GitHub's servers from countries including China, India, Russia, and Turkey. In all of these cases, GitHub has been eventually unblocked after backlash from users and technology businesses or compliance from GitHub.
The software that runs GitHub was written using Ruby on Rails and Erlang by GitHub, Inc. developers Wanstrath,[60] Hyett, and Preston-Werner.
It is integrated with the Jekyll software for static web site and blog generation. The Jekyll source pages for a web site can be stored on GitHub as a Git repository, and when the repository is updated the GitHub Pages servers will automatically regenerate the site.
GitHub Pages is a web hosting service offered by GitHub for hosting static web pages for GitHub users, user blogs, project documentation,
or even whole books.
GitHub renamed Octopuss to Octocat,[47] and trademarked the character along with the new name.[45] Later, GitHub hired illustrator Cameron McEfee to adapt Octocat for different purposes on the website and promotional materials; McEfee and various GitHub users have since created hundreds of variations of the character, which are available on .[49][50]
On December 2, 2014, Roscomnadzor blocked GitHub due to it hosting various copies of a suicide manual. Because GitHub uses HTTPS, which encrypts data between a user's computer and GitHub's servers, Internet service providers (ISPs) were forced to block the whole website instead of the pages involved. Complying ISPs included: Beeline, MTS, MGTS and Megafon. Maxim Ksenzov, the Deputy Head of Roscomnadzor, said in a statement that the block was due to GitHub not complying with earlier takedown requests for the manual on October 10, 2014. GitHub was also momentarily blocked on October 2, 2014 until the original copy of the manual was deleted by its uploader.
On January 26, 2013, GitHub users in China experienced a man-in-the-middle attack in which attackers could have intercepted traffic between the site and its users in China. The mechanism of the attack was through a fake SSL certificate. Users attempting to access GitHub received a warning of an invalid SSL certificate, which, due to being signed by an unknown authority, was quickly detected. A spokesperson for GitHub said: "Early last week, it appeared that GitHub was being at least partially blocked by the Great Firewall of China... After a couple days, it appeared that GitHub was no longer being blocked." NETRESEC performed forensics of the attack and determined that it was legitimate due to the large number of router hops involved (6) and because the user submitting the packet capture was from China.
It provides context to its metrics so that they are meaningful without knowledge of the specific dataset: for example, instead of letting the reader guess whether having five forks on GitHub is common, ImpactStory would tell that the repository is in the 95th percentile of all GitHub repositories created that year.
GitHub is a web-based Git repository hosting service and is primarily used to host the source code of software and facilitate project management. As of November 2015, GitHub reports having over 11.5 million users and over 28.9 million repositories. It offers free accounts, a pastebin service called Gist, and free website hosting under its github.io domain. The GitHub terms of service prohibits illegal use and it reserves the right to remove content at its discretion. Users can fork (copy and individually develop) other projects, which GitHub does not automatically take down when served DMCA takedown notices. GitHub uses HTTPS for its connections, making data more secure against interception from third parties.
Individual chat rooms can be created for individual git repositories on GitHub. Chatroom privacy follows the privacy settings of the associated GitHub repository: thus, a chatroom for a private (i.e. members-only) GitHub repository is also private to those with access to the repository. A graphical badge linking to the chat room can then be placed in the git repository's README file, bringing it to the attention of all users and developers of the project. Users can chat in the chat rooms, or access private chat rooms for repositories they have access to, by logging into Gitter via GitHub (which does not involve sharing the user's GitHub password with Gitter).
GitHub became interested in Oxley's work after Twitter selected a bird that he designed for their own logo.[48] The illustration GitHub chose was a character that Oxley had named Octopuss.[47] Since GitHub wanted Octopuss for their logo (a use that the iStock license disallows), they negotiated with Oxley to buy exclusive rights to the image.[47]