Instruct: Given a question, retrieve documents that answer the question.
Query: When did Michael Colin Cowdrey become a baron?
Cowdrey was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1972, received a knighthood in 1992, and became a life peer as Baron Cowdrey of Tonbridge, of Tonbridge in the County of Kent in 1997, on the recommendation of outgoing Prime Minister John Major, to whom he had become a personal friend and confidant. Cowdrey was one of only two cricketers to be given a life peerage for their services to the game, the other being Learie Constantine in 1969.
In 1986, Cowdrey produced a volume of autobiography, appropriately titled "Good Enough", taken from his usual response to comments that he was not as good as his father. Cricket writer Colin Bateman stated, "Cowdrey was fortunate to play Test cricket at all, but he did not deserve the shabby treatment which ended his brief England career".
Colin Cowdrey was married twice. As there was no England tour in 1955/56, Kent arranged for Cowdrey to be employed by a department store owned by the cricket patron Stuart Chiesman. Though he did not shine as a salesman, Cowdrey's new-found fame helped the firm. He met Chiesman's daughter Penny, whom he married in September 1956 with the Bishop of Rochester and David Sheppard officiating with Peter May as best man. They had three sons and a daughter:
Christopher "Chris" Stuart Cowdrey (born 20 October 1957) is a former English cricketer. Cowdrey played for Kent, Glamorgan and England as an all-rounder. He is the eldest son of the cricketer and life peer, Colin Cowdrey. He was educated at Tonbridge School.
On his death, the Dukedom passed to his second cousin once removed Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 12th Baron Beaumont, 4th Baron Howard of Glossop. The Lordship of Herries of Terregles, being an old Scottish peerage, was inherited by his eldest daughter, Anne (14th Lady Herries of Terregles, Baroness Cowdrey of Tonbridge), who had married English cricketer Colin Cowdrey.
England beat Australia 2–1 to retain the Ashes, thanks mainly to Jim Laker's 46 wickets. Cowdrey made only 244 runs (30.40), though he had a successful opening partnership with Peter Richardson. They added 53 and 151 (Cowdrey 81) in the First Test at Trent Bridge and 174 (Cowdrey 80) in the Fourth at Old Trafford. This was the Test where Laker took 19/90 and Cowdrey took a catch to give Tony Lock his only wicket.
Tonbridge Printers Cricket Club was founded in 1948, to provide cricket for the working men of Tonbridge. The club trained and played at the Racecourse Sportsground, now Tonbridge Park. At the club's 50-year anniversary in 1998, the committee elected for a name change. It was decided that the club should honour Colin Cowdrey, Baron of Tonbridge, one of the finest batsmen ever to play for Kent and England. Today, Cowdrey CC plays competitive cricket in Division IV of the Kent League (both 1st and 2nd XIs), fielding up to three sides on a Saturday and two on a Sunday.
In 1985, Herries married England cricketer Colin Cowdrey, by which marriage she was also Baroness Cowdrey of Tonbridge following Cowdrey's ennoblement in 1997, though that style was not used owing to Herries's being a peer in her own right. Their union was happy, but childless and the couple remained married until Cowdrey's death in 2000. Herries died in 2014, aged 76, from pneumonia.
With a pair of centuries against the strongest state side in Australia Cowdrey was called up for his debut in the First Test at Brisbane, even though he made 4 and 0 against Queensland. Hutton put Australia in to bat and saw them pile up 601/8. The only good news was that Cowdrey took the first of his record 120 Test catches to dismiss both Australian openers Les Favell and Arthur Morris. When England finally got to bat on the third day they promptly collapsed to 25/4, but Cowdrey made 40 and added 72 for the 5th wicket with Trevor Bailey. This did not prevent the follow on, where Cowdrey made 10, and England lost by an innings.
Michael Colin Cowdrey was born on his father's tea plantation at Ootacamund, Madras Presidency, although his birthplace was usually misrecorded as Bangalore 100 miles to the north.[7] His father made an application for him to join the prestigious Marylebone Cricket Club while still an infant. Cowdrey had no schooling in India, but his father and servants taught him cricket as soon as he could walk.[8]
Fabian Kruuse Cowdrey (born 30 January 1993) is former English professional cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club. He made history by becoming the first third generation player to play for the county, following his father, Chris Cowdrey, and grandfather Colin Cowdrey. Cowdrey was often employed as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling slow left arm orthodox deliveries.
Though Cowdrey still had his supporters at Lords Smith was kept as captain for the 1965-66 Ashes series with Cowdrey as vice-captain, but they knew each other as schoolboys and Oxford undergraduates and got on well. Cowdrey was ill for most of December and missed the First Test. He made 104 in the Second Test at Melbourne, where England made 558, their biggest total down under since 636 in the Second Test in 1928–29. He did little on the tour except to make 63 and 108 against the weak Tasmanian attack and the series was drawn 1–1 with the batsmen on both sides scoring heavily. Cowdrey himself made 267 runs (53.40), his best batting average in an Ashes series. Carrying on to New Zealand Cowdrey made a duck in the First Test, but recovered with 89 not out in the Second and 58 in the Third which made him the fifth player after Wally Hammond, Don Bradman, Len Hutton and Neil Harvey to make 6,000 Test runs, but the rain affected series was drawn 0–0.
Cowdrey met his second wife, Lady Anne Fitzalan-Howard, the eldest daughter of Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk, when her father managed the MCC tour of Australia in 1962-63. Cowdrey divorced Penny in 1985 and married Anne the same year. Anne had succeeded to the title of Lady Herries of Terregles in 1975 and when he was ennobled in 1997 she became also Baroness Cowdrey of Tonbridge (although, as a peer in her own right, she would not have used a courtesy title).
When Lancashire met Kent at Gravesend, Statham was invited to stay at the home of his friend Colin Cowdrey. Lancashire batted first and scored 316. Kent, on the second morning, had reached 24 for two when Cowdrey came in to bat. He was on top form and played an outstanding innings of 198 before Statham finally dismissed him lbw. The match became a high-scoring draw. Statham's figures were three for 121, one of his rare centuries conceded and among his most expensive returns. When asked to comment on his figures and Cowdrey's innings, he wrily responded that Cowdrey was just making him pay for his bed and breakfast. Statham had his revenge in August when Kent came to Old Trafford. He dismissed Cowdrey for one and took five for 31 to dismiss Kent for only 83 before Lancashire went on to win inside two days. This was Cyril Washbrook's last home game and Lancashire went retro next season by appointing Bob Barber, one of the last of the amateurs, as their new captain instead of another professional.
At the start of his career the England batting was fragile and Cowdrey never forgot that his wicket was too important to throw away, sometimes treating bowlers too cautiously for a man of his great talents, John Arlott commenting "Cowdrey could sink into pits of uncertainty when the fire ceased to burn, allowing himself to be dominated by bowlers inferior to him in skill".[73] Cowdrey himself thought that "the proudest thing in my career was that I kept surviving",[74] playing Lindwall and Miller at 21 and Lillee and Thomson at 41, still able to move immaculately into line even though he hadn't played for months. His quick reflexes also made him an outstanding slip, whose 120 catches was a Test record for a fielder. In his youth, Cowdrey was a useful leg-spinner at club level, but only took 63 first-class wickets at a cost of 51.21 apiece. He claimed if Alan Knott hadn't misread a googly he would have picked up a Test wicket, though his son Chris wrote "I can't see Knotty losing sleep over that one".[75] In Cowdrey's last Test at Melbourne the fans famously hung out a banner 'M.C.G. FANS THANK COLIN – 6 TOURS', with Cowdrey "wearing a large straw sun-hat ... signing endless autographs, posing for photographs and exchanging friendly talk with young and old in the way that has made him as popular a cricketer as has ever visited Australia".[2]
In 1997 a cricket club in Cowdrey's hometown Tonbridge was renamed in his honour; Cowdrey Cricket Club (formerly Tonbridge Printers CC) plays in the Kent League (Division IV 2017), and can be found
Cowdrey was made vice-captain for an Australian tour for the fourth time and Illingworth's tough no-nonsense approach to the game clashed with the MCC tour manager David Clark, who had been captain of Kent in Cowdrey's youth and had given him his county cap. As a result, Illingworth effectively took over the running of the tour with the support of the players and Clark's influence declined,[56][57] as did that of Cowdrey, who as his only ally he became isolated, though he still had his Kent teammates Derek Underwood, Alan Knott and Brian Luckhurst.[58] The players tended to avoid the press and public, even to the point of having their meals in their hotel rooms, and only Cowdrey made an effort to meet and greet the cricket fans. The rotund Cowdrey was in the sunset of his career and failed on tour, making only one century – 101 against Victoria – which was so slow that he was likened to a beached whale.[59]
The event was first hosted in 2001, following the death of its eponym Late Lord Colin Cowdrey, in December 2000. Colin Cowdrey is reported to have been instrumental in adapting the Captains' Charter as the Spirit of Cricket and subsequently adding it as the preamble to the Laws of Cricket. 
Following his retirement in 1976, Cowdrey worked closely behind the scenes at Kent, became President of the MCC in 1986 and was Chairman of the International Cricket Council from 1989–1993, when referees and neutral umpires were introduced to international cricket.[6]
The pipe organ of the St. Mark's Cathedral was installed in 1929, as a gift by Avis F Cowdrey of the Cowdrey family (father of cricketer Michael Colin Cowdrey), in memory of his parents. The organ is designed by two British builders, with only the metal pipes being built in England. The other parts were made from teak, and built in Bangalore, supervised by Herbert Norman, agent of the British firm in India. It fell into disrepair, and was not used for many years, till it was repaired by Swiss experts at a cost of INR 5 million. The repaired pipe organ is a major draw for the musicians, and has also inspired repair works at the St. Andrew's Kirk and St. George's Cathedral in Chennai.
In the First Test he overtook Wally Hammond's record of 7,249 runs to become the most prolific Test batsmen, a record he held for a year when it was overtaken by Gary Sobers. Cowdrey made only 1 run in the inaugural One Day International at Melbourne and was dropped for the Fourth Test, had his cap stolen while fielding in the Fifth Test and was dropped again for the Sixth and Seventh Tests. Illingworth won an argumentative series 2–0 and regained the Ashes, but Cowdrey only made 82 runs (20.50) in the series. They carried on to New Zealand, Cowdrey missed the First Test and needed a runner to make 54 and 45 in the Second Test at Auckland, coming in at 63/4 in the second innings when New Zealand had a real chance of winning their first victory against England, but he added 76 with Alan Knott (96), and the danger was averted.
Peter May required several operations and did not play in the 1960 season, but he was expected to return and Cowdrey was only made captain of England against South Africa as each game came up, rather than for the whole series. Even so, it was the first of only two occasions that Cowdrey captained England throughout a Test series. It proved to be an easy 3–0 win as the inexperienced Springbok side met a damp English summer and lost the first three Tests by 100 runs, an innings and 73 runs and 8 wickets. In the Third Test the South African captain Jackie McGlew was run out after colliding with an English fielder, the umpires did not allow Cowdrey to call him back and he was widely blamed for not withdrawing the appeal before McGlew left the field. In the Fifth Test England were dismissed for 155, saw South Africa make 479/9 declared and were criticised by Walter Robins, the new Chairman of Selectors. In response Cowdrey made 155 and added 290 for the first wicket with Geoff Pullar (175) to save the match.[37]
The Hon Christopher Stuart Cowdrey (born 1957), a cricketer who (like his father) became captain of Kent and England, married Christel Margareta Holste-Sande (1988-2013): with twin sons Fabian Cowdrey, who has played cricket for Tonbridge and Kent, and Julius Lindahl Cowdrey, a professional musician who has played for Tonbridge and Sevenoaks Vine. When Chris Cowdrey bowled Kapil Dev with his fourth ball in Test cricket Colin Cowdrey was listening on the car radio and drove the wrong way down a one-way street, but a policeman let him off with a warning.[79] Fabian became the third generation of Cowdreys to play for Kent when he made his debut for the club in 2011. He retired from cricket in 2017.[80][81] The Hon Jeremy Colin Cowdrey (born 1960), a former investment banker and now film producer who made the film Summer in February based on the novel by Jonathan Smith, who married twice: Philippa Telford (1989-2009): two sons, Robert, and Charlie, and two daughters, Kate, and Lara. Ness Norman (2015 to date) The Hon Carolyn Susan Cowdrey (born 1961), married Alastair Keith: one son, James, and one daughter, Lucy. The Hon Graham Robert Cowdrey (born 1964), who played for Kent, and married Maxine Juster 1993: two sons, Michael, and Alexander, and one daughter, Grace.
Cowdrey's father is former Kent and England captain Chris Cowdrey. His grandfather, Colin, Lord Cowdrey also captained both sides and played 114 Test matches for England, the first man to make 100 Test appearances. He was honoured for his services to cricket, the first English cricketer to be ennobled in this way. His uncle, Graham Cowdrey, also played for Kent and his great-grandfather, Ernest Cowdrey made one first-class cricket appearance in the 1920s.
When Cowdrey was five he was taken to England and attended Homefield Preparatory School, Sutton in 1938–45, where the headmaster Charles Walford instilled in him the purity of batting technique that would become Cowdrey's hallmark. Cowdrey made a century in his first game for the school, but a recount made it only 93 and Jack Hobbs sent him a letter of commiseration and a cricket bat. His parents returned to India in 1938 and because of the Second World War he did not see them again until they came back to Britain in 1945. During the holidays he stayed with relatives in Croydon and Bognor Regis, where he watched dog-fights in the Battle of Britain and on his uncle's farm near Market Bosworth.