Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant passages that can help answer the question.
Query: Did Texas use to be its own country?
The Republic of Texas (Spanish: República de Tejas) was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846. It was bordered by Mexico to the west and southwest, the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast, the two U.S. states of Louisiana and Arkansas to the east and northeast, and United States territories encompassing parts of the current U.S. states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico to the north and west. The citizens of the republic were known as Texians.
MSR Houston is a 17-turn 2.38 mile (3.38 km) road course race track located in Angleton, Texas. The track uses a membership system similar to that of country clubs where members may use the course for a nominal fee per use. The track has recently begun hosting its own racing series for club members.
KRMX (92.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. KRMX is licensed to Marlin, Texas, United States, and serves the Waco/Temple market. The station is owned by M&M Broadcasters, Ltd. Its studios are in Waco, and its transmitter is located south of Hewitt, Texas.
The term, "Hill Country homes", refers to an architectural style of housing found in the part of central Texas, known as the Texas Hill Country. In the early history of the Republic of Texas, before Texas joined the United States, a land rush began in the middle of the 19th century. This land rush to central Texas included many immigrants from Germany. They created settlements with names like Fredricksburg, Bergheim, Boerne, Gruene, New Braunfels, and many others. These early German immigrants to Texas made their living farming and ranching. Homes were built using materials found right on the ground using materials such as cypress wood, cedar, adobe brick and limestone. The original Hill Country homes were quite simple with straight roofs. The German immigrants mixed some of their own personal influences such as elaborate mill work on the porches and gables.
When the war concluded, Mexico relinquished its claim on Texas, as well as other regions in what is now the southwestern United States. Texas' annexation as a state that tolerated slavery had caused tension in the United States among slave states and those that did not allow slavery. The tension was partially defused with the Compromise of 1850, in which Texas ceded some of its territory to the federal government to become non-slave-owning areas but gained El Paso.
"Texas Country Reporter" showcases Texas people and places, with an emphasis on rural areas and in a style similar to that of Charles Kuralt's "On the Road" for CBS News, who was Phillips' mentor when he first began his career. Originally called "4 Country Reporter", it debuted in 1972 on Dallas television station KDFW, Channel 4 and was first hosted by John Mclean, then Jeff Rosser, Joe Miser and finally Bob Philips. Phillips was a photographer and producer when the show first began. In 1986, Phillips left KDFW and began selling the show in syndication under the name "Texas Country Reporter". In the Dallas market, KDFW did not pick up the syndicated version, but rival station WFAA did and named the show "8 Country Reporter". About this time Dairy Queen became the show's main sponsor, a move which allowed Phillips to be the spokesman for the chain in its advertising for the company's Texas-based restaurants. Other sponsors of the show have included Southwest Airlines, Capital Farm Credit, Mueller, Inc., Texas Farm Bureau Insurance, Texas Ford Dealers and others.
The show is independently syndicated with Phillips retaining half of the advertisements for regional sponsors; he appears in many of the regional ads, and the sponsors' logos adorn the back of his SUV. Each fall the program headlines a "Texas Country Reporter Festival" in Waxahachie south of Dallas, with some of the people who have been highlighted on the show in attendance. The festival has grown to become the largest one-day festival in Texas and attracts more than 50,000 people each year."Texas Country Reporter" posts selected segments to its YouTube page, and some have been featured on local newscasts. Phillips has authored several books and video series over the years including two cook books, two Texas guide books and, in 2016, "The Texas Country Reporter Collection," a video series that includes more than 22 hours of stories from the program. A three-DVD highlights set, "Go! Stay! Eat!", was released September 17, 2005. Two comprehensive video series have been released by Phillips' company including "Best of Volume 1" and "Best of Volume 2". "The Best of TCR Volume 3" is set to be released in 2018.
J.W. CUDD began his career at age fifteen, garnering attention from Texas Music, Country Music, and European radio stations. His first wide release, "Let's Put Our Hearts Together" charted on the Texas Music Charts at #26, making Cudd the "Youngest Charted Artist" in Texas Music. Cudd went on to release his follow-up single, "Gold Digger's Dream"; although, the song did not gain much attention in the US, it charted internationally at #17 in the European Country Music Association.
KYKR (95.1 FM, "Kicker 95.1") is a radio station broadcasting a Country format. Licensed to Beaumont, Texas, it serves the Beaumont/Port Arthur metropolitan area, owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. The "Kicker" branding and country format were first broadcast on 93.3 FM (now KQBU-FM) under the current call sign in 1980, owned and operated by Steve Hicks. Its studios are located southeast of the I-10/US 69 interchange in Beaumont, and its transmitter is located in Vidor, Texas.
The history of Texas in the Civil War has distinctions from the rest of the South, in part because of its history of being independent previously. Much of Texas's dissatisfaction was not only tied to opposition to Lincoln and his view of [[states' rights]] (which they also viewed as a transgression of the [[Annexation of Texas|annexation agreement]]), but also because they did not feel that Washington had lived up to promises of inclusion into the country as part of annexation. In 1861, Sam Houston still strongly supported remaining in the United States primarily for economic and military reasons. However, those promoting secession used not only elements from U.S. history such as the American Revolution and the Constitution, but also the Texas Revolution and elements from the history of the Republic of Texas.
When Texas was annexed into the United States in 1845, it kept control of all of its public lands from its time as a sovereign state. As a result, Texas is the only US state to control all of its own public lands; all federal lands in Texas were acquired by purchase (e.g. military bases) or donation (e.g. national parks).
KORA (98.3 FM) is a long-running radio station in Bryan, Texas currently owned by Brazos Valley Communications, LLC. Its format is Country, with emphasis on Texas artists and groups. Its Program Director is Carly Evans. The station's studios and transmitter are located in Bryan.
Boyd did not have National Baptist Convention financial support to start the Publishing Board, so he financed its establishment himself, using real estate in Texas that he owned as collateral, and received assistance with printing from the white Southern Baptist Convention, which had its main publishing operations in Nashville.
KTFW-FM (92.1 FM, branded as "Hank FM") is a country radio station focusing on serving the western half of the Fort Worth-Dallas, Texas metroplex. It strongly emphasizes classic, traditional, and neotraditional country music. This station is owned and operated by LKCM Radio Group, along with its sister station, "95.9 The Ranch". Although its office is located in downtown Fort Worth, its transmitter is located in Glen Rose, Texas.
KTHT (97.1 FM), branded as "Country Legends 97.1", is a 100,000 watt FM station licensed to Cleveland, Texas. The KTHT service area includes Houston, Lufkin, and most of East Texas with a classic country format. The station is owned by Cox Radio and is co-owned with KGLK, KHPT, and KKBQ. It is headquartered out of Suite 2300 at 3 Post Oak Central in the Uptown district in Houston, Texas, United States and has a transmitter site in Sam Houston National Forest in Polk County, Texas.
KFTX (97.5 FM, "97.5 Real Country") is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Kingsville, Texas, United States, the station serves the Corpus Christi area. The station is currently owned by Quality Broadcasting Corporation and features programming from Westwood One. Its studios are located southwest of Corpus Christi and the transmitter is near Robstown, Texas.
The resolution did include two unique provisions: First, it said up to four additional states could be created from Texas' territory with the consent of the State of Texas (and that new states north of the Missouri Compromise Line would be free states). Though the resolution did not make exceptions to the constitution,[33] the U.S. Constitution does not require Congressional consent to the creation of new states to be ex post to applications, nor does the U.S. Constitution require applications to expire. To illustrate the strength of the latter caveat, the 27th Amendment was submitted to the states in 1789, yet was not ratified until 1992; thus, the expressed consent of Congress, via this resolution, to the creation of new states would not expire nor require renewal. Second, Texas did not have to surrender its public lands to the federal government. While Texas did cede all territory outside of its current area to the federal government in 1850, it did not cede any public lands within its current boundaries. Consequently, the lands in Texas owned by the federal government are those which were subsequently purchased by it. This also means the state government has control over oil reserves which were later used to fund the state's public university system through the Permanent University Fund.[34] In addition, the state's control over offshore oil reserves in Texas runs out to 3 nautical leagues (9 nautical miles, 10.357 statute miles, 16.668km) rather than three nautical miles (3.45 statute miles, 5.56km) as with other states.[35][36]
From 1912 "Compañía Mexicana de Petróleo El Aguila" ("Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company") — founded in 1909 by Weetman Pearson to develop the newly found Mexican oil fields, nationalized in 1938 as Pemex — also had its own tanker fleet. They quickly adopted Isherwood's new longitudinal framing system that allowed much larger ships and a simpler construction process. Just before World War I it owned a fleet of 20 tankers. Standard Oil did not participate directly in the newly discovered oil fields in Texas — such as Spindletop — and Oklahoma, which gave opportunities for new oil companies as Gulf Oil and Texas Fuel Company, later Texaco. Avoiding the use of Standard Oil's pipe line system, they started using tankers to get their oil to the East Coast. In combination with the oil fields discovered in Mexico and Venezuela, this caused a rise in the demand for tankers, which gave opportunities for the first independents, such as the Norwegian Wilh. Wilhelmsen, that launched its first tanker in 1913.
The treaty created a reservation for the Comanches encompassing the entire panhandle of Texas. This was problematic, as the Federal government did not then "own" that territory and therefore could not reserve it: the Republic of Texas was annexed to the United States in 1849, but the Republic did not recognize any native land claims within its borders — this opinion was based on a faulty reading of Spanish and Mexican law and therefore in 1865 there were no "federal" versus "state" owned lands within the boundaries of Texas which the Government could "reserve" to the Native Americans.
Ever since the discovery of oil at Spindletop, energy has been a dominant force politically and economically within the state. If Texas were its own country it would be the sixth largest oil producer in the world.
KKYX (680 AM) is a classic country music radio station owned by Cox Radio. It is licensed to, and headquartered in, San Antonio, Texas. The station also carries play-by-play of the San Antonio Missions of the Texas League (Minor League Baseball). Its studios are located in Northwest San Antonio near the South Texas Medical Center complex, and the transmitter site is in east Medina County, west of the city proper.
KKYX morning personality Jerry King is also a member of the Country DJ Hall Of Fame.
Because it was sparsely populated, Texas was combined with Coahuila to create the state of Coahuila y Tejas. Texas had originally asked to become a territory if its statehood claim was denied, but after realizing that states controlled their own public lands, while as a territory public land would be controlled by the national government, Seguin chose not to request territorial status. The Congress did allow Texas the option of forming its own state "'as soon as it feels capable of doing so.'" The new state, the poorest in the Mexican federation, covered the boundaries of Spanish Texas but did not include the area around El Paso, which belonged to the state of Chihuahua and the area of Laredo, Texas, which became part of Tamaulipas. The capital of Texas moved from San Antonio to Monclova and then to Saltillo. Along with the states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo León, Coahuila y Tejas was under a unified military organization. With the formation of a new state government, the Texas provincial governing committee was forced to disband. Many Tejanos were reluctant to give up their self-rule.
KILT-FM (100.3 FM) is a Houston, Texas-based radio station with a country music format. It is owned by Entercom, and its studios are in Greenway Plaza. Its transmitter is located in Missouri City, Texas. It is a sister station of KILT, which is located at 610 kHz, also in Houston.
The Republic of Texas successfully seceded from Mexico in 1836 (this, however took the form of outright rebellion against Mexico, and claimed no warrant under the Mexican Constitution to do so). Mexico refused to recognize its revolted province as an independent country, but the major nations of the world did recognize it. In 1845, Congress admitted Texas as a state. The documents governing Texas' accession to the United States of America do not mention any right of secession—although they did raise the possibility of dividing Texas into multiple states inside the Union. Mexico warned that annexation meant war and the Mexican–American War followed in 1846.[63]
Texas secession movements principally focus on the secession of Texas during the American Civil War and the activities of organizations that have existed since the 1990s. The United States Constitution does not address secession of states and the issue was a topic of debate from after the Revolutionary War up until the Civil War, when the Supreme Court ruled, in "Texas v. White," that states cannot unilaterally secede. Texas was the Republic of Texas sovereign nation for nine years prior to the negotiated annexation with the United States, but its sovereignty was not recognized by Mexico, despite the fact that Texas defeated the country in its war of independence, nor did Texas actually control the entirety of its claimed territory. This history has affected the state's politics ever since, including its standing in the Confederacy in the Civil War to education and even tourism in the 20th century. Modern secession efforts have existed in the state at least since the 1990s, focusing first on the Republic of Texas organization founded by Richard Lance McLaren and later on the Texas Nationalist Movement headed by Daniel Miller.
KTEX (100.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Country music format. Licensed to Mercedes, Texas, United States, the station serves the McAllen, Weslaco, Harlingen, Brownsville, Texas, area. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia (as Capstar TX). It shares a studio with its sister stations KBFM, KQXX-FM, KHKZ, and KVNS, located close to the KRGV-TV studios in Weslaco, Texas, while its transmitter is located in La Feria, Texas.