<?php // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Files.FileName.InvalidClassFileName
/**
 * Class with methods to extract metadata from a post/page about videos, images, links, mentions embedded
 * in or attached to the post/page.
 *
 * @package automattic/jetpack
 */

/**
 * Class with methods to extract metadata from a post/page about videos, images, links, mentions embedded
 * in or attached to the post/page.
 *
 * @todo Additionally, have some filters on number of items in each field
 */
class Jetpack_Media_Meta_Extractor {

	// Some consts for what to extract.
	const ALL        = 255;
	const LINKS      = 1;
	const MENTIONS   = 2;
	const IMAGES     = 4;
	const SHORTCODES = 8; // Only the keeper shortcodes below.
	const EMBEDS     = 16;
	const HASHTAGS   = 32;

	/**
	 * Shortcodes to keep.
	 *
	 * For these, we try to extract some data from the shortcode, rather than just recording its presence (which we do for all)
	 * There should be a function get_{shortcode}_id( $atts ) or static method SomethingShortcode::get_{shortcode}_id( $atts ) for these.
	 *
	 * @var string[]
	 */
	private static $keeper_shortcodes = array(
		'youtube',
		'vimeo',
		'hulu',
		'ted',
		'wpvideo',
		'videopress',
	);

	/**
	 * Gets the specified media and meta info from the given post.
	 * NOTE: If you have the post's HTML content already and don't need image data, use extract_from_content() instead.
	 *
	 * @param int     $blog_id The ID of the blog.
	 * @param int     $post_id The ID of the post.
	 * @param int     $what_to_extract A mask of things to extract, e.g. Jetpack_Media_Meta_Extractor::IMAGES | Jetpack_Media_Meta_Extractor::MENTIONS.
	 * @param boolean $extract_alt_text Should alt_text be extracted, defaults to false.
	 *
	 * @return array|WP_Error a structure containing metadata about the embedded things, or empty array if nothing found, or WP_Error on error.
	 */
	public static function extract( $blog_id, $post_id, $what_to_extract = self::ALL, $extract_alt_text = false ) {

		// multisite?
		if ( function_exists( 'switch_to_blog' ) ) {
			switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
		}

		$post = get_post( $post_id );
		if ( ! $post instanceof WP_Post ) {
			if ( function_exists( 'restore_current_blog' ) ) {
				restore_current_blog();
			}
			return array();
		}
		$content  = $post->post_title . "\n\n" . $post->post_content;
		$char_cnt = strlen( $content );

		// prevent running extraction on really huge amounts of content.
		if ( $char_cnt > 100000 ) { // about 20k English words.
			$content = substr( $content, 0, 100000 );
		}

		$extracted = array();

		// Get images first, we need the full post for that.
		if ( self::IMAGES & $what_to_extract ) {
			$extracted = self::get_image_fields( $post, array(), $extract_alt_text );

			// Turn off images so we can safely call extract_from_content() below.
			$what_to_extract = $what_to_extract - self::IMAGES;
		}

		if ( function_exists( 'restore_current_blog' ) ) {
			restore_current_blog();
		}

		// All of the other things besides images can be extracted from just the content.
		$extracted = self::extract_from_content( $content, $what_to_extract, $extracted );

		return $extracted;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the specified meta info from the given post content.
	 * NOTE: If you want IMAGES, call extract( $blog_id, $post_id, ...) which will give you more/better image extraction
	 * This method will give you an error if you ask for IMAGES.
	 *
	 * @param string $content The HTML post_content of a post.
	 * @param int    $what_to_extract A mask of things to extract, e.g. Jetpack_Media_Meta_Extractor::IMAGES | Jetpack_Media_Meta_Extractor::MENTIONS.
	 * @param array  $already_extracted Previously extracted things, e.g. images from extract(), which can be used for x-referencing here.
	 *
	 * @return array a structure containing metadata about the embedded things, or empty array if nothing found, or WP_Error on error.
	 */
	public static function extract_from_content( $content, $what_to_extract = self::ALL, $already_extracted = array() ) {
		$stripped_content = self::get_stripped_content( $content );

		// Maybe start with some previously extracted things (e.g. images from extract().
		$extracted = $already_extracted;

		// Embedded media objects will have already been converted to shortcodes by pre_kses hooks on save.

		if ( self::IMAGES & $what_to_extract ) {
			$images    = self::extract_images_from_content( $stripped_content, array() );
			$extracted = array_merge( $extracted, $images );
		}

		// ----------------------------------- MENTIONS ------------------------------

		if ( self::MENTIONS & $what_to_extract ) {
			if ( preg_match_all( '/(^|\s)@(\w+)/u', $stripped_content, $matches ) ) {
				$mentions             = array_values( array_unique( $matches[2] ) ); // array_unique() retains the keys!
				$mentions             = array_map( 'strtolower', $mentions );
				$extracted['mention'] = array( 'name' => $mentions );
				if ( ! isset( $extracted['has'] ) ) {
					$extracted['has'] = array();
				}
				$extracted['has']['mention'] = count( $mentions );
			}
		}

		// ----------------------------------- HASHTAGS ------------------------------
		/**
		 * Some hosts may not compile with --enable-unicode-properties and kick a warning:
		 * Warning: preg_match_all() [function.preg-match-all]: Compilation failed: support for \P, \p, and \X has not been compiled
		 * Therefore, we only run this code block on wpcom, not in Jetpack.
		 */
		if ( ( defined( 'IS_WPCOM' ) && IS_WPCOM ) && ( self::HASHTAGS & $what_to_extract ) ) {
			// This regex does not exactly match Twitter's
			// if there are problems/complaints we should implement this:
			// https://github.com/twitter/twitter-text/blob/master/java/src/com/twitter/Regex.java .
			if ( preg_match_all( '/(?:^|\s)#(\w*\p{L}+\w*)/u', $stripped_content, $matches ) ) {
				$hashtags             = array_values( array_unique( $matches[1] ) ); // array_unique() retains the keys!
				$hashtags             = array_map( 'strtolower', $hashtags );
				$extracted['hashtag'] = array( 'name' => $hashtags );
				if ( ! isset( $extracted['has'] ) ) {
					$extracted['has'] = array();
				}
				$extracted['has']['hashtag'] = count( $hashtags );
			}
		}

		// ----------------------------------- SHORTCODES ------------------------------

		// Always look for shortcodes.
		// If we don't want them, we'll just remove them, so we don't grab them as links below.
		$shortcode_pattern = '/' . get_shortcode_regex() . '/s';
		if ( preg_match_all( $shortcode_pattern, $content, $matches ) ) {

			$shortcode_total_count = 0;
			$shortcode_type_counts = array();
			$shortcode_types       = array();
			$shortcode_details     = array();

			if ( self::SHORTCODES & $what_to_extract ) {

				foreach ( $matches[2] as $key => $shortcode ) {
					// Elasticsearch (and probably other things) doesn't deal well with some chars as key names.
					$shortcode_name = preg_replace( '/[.,*"\'\/\\\\#+ ]/', '_', $shortcode );

					$attr = shortcode_parse_atts( $matches[3][ $key ] );

					++$shortcode_total_count;
					if ( ! isset( $shortcode_type_counts[ $shortcode_name ] ) ) {
						$shortcode_type_counts[ $shortcode_name ] = 0;
					}
					++$shortcode_type_counts[ $shortcode_name ];

					// Store (uniquely) presence of all shortcode regardless of whether it's a keeper (for those, get ID below)
					// @todo Store number of occurrences?
					if ( ! in_array( $shortcode_name, $shortcode_types, true ) ) {
						$shortcode_types[] = $shortcode_name;
					}

					// For keeper shortcodes, also store the id/url of the object (e.g. youtube video, TED talk, etc.).
					if ( in_array( $shortcode, self::$keeper_shortcodes, true ) ) {
						// Clear shortcode ID data left from the last shortcode.
						$id = null;
						// We'll try to get the salient ID from the function jetpack_shortcode_get_xyz_id().
						// If the shortcode is a class, we'll call XyzShortcode::get_xyz_id().
						$shortcode_get_id_func   = "jetpack_shortcode_get_{$shortcode}_id";
						$shortcode_class_name    = ucfirst( $shortcode ) . 'Shortcode';
						$shortcode_get_id_method = "get_{$shortcode}_id";
						if ( function_exists( $shortcode_get_id_func ) ) {
							$id = call_user_func( $shortcode_get_id_func, $attr );
						} elseif ( method_exists( $shortcode_class_name, $shortcode_get_id_method ) ) {
							$id = call_user_func( array( $shortcode_class_name, $shortcode_get_id_method ), $attr );
						}
						if ( ! empty( $id )
							&& ( ! isset( $shortcode_details[ $shortcode_name ] ) || ! in_array( $id, $shortcode_details[ $shortcode_name ], true ) ) ) {
							$shortcode_details[ $shortcode_name ][] = $id;
						}
					}
				}

				if ( $shortcode_total_count > 0 ) {
					// Add the shortcode info to the $extracted array.
					if ( ! isset( $extracted['has'] ) ) {
						$extracted['has'] = array();
					}
					$extracted['has']['shortcode'] = $shortcode_total_count;
					$extracted['shortcode']        = array();
					foreach ( $shortcode_type_counts as $type => $count ) {
						$extracted['shortcode'][ $type ] = array( 'count' => $count );
					}
					if ( ! empty( $shortcode_types ) ) {
						$extracted['shortcode_types'] = $shortcode_types;
					}
					foreach ( $shortcode_details as $type => $id ) {
						$extracted['shortcode'][ $type ]['id'] = $id;
					}
				}
			}

			// Remove the shortcodes form our copy of $content, so we don't count links in them as links below.
			$content = preg_replace( $shortcode_pattern, ' ', $content );
		}

		// ----------------------------------- LINKS ------------------------------

		if ( self::LINKS & $what_to_extract ) {

			// To hold the extracted stuff we find.
			$links = array();

			// @todo Get the text inside the links?

			// Grab any links, whether in <a href="..." or not, but subtract those from shortcodes and images.
			// (we treat embed links as just another link).
			if ( preg_match_all( '#(?:^|\s|"|\')(https?://([^\s()<>]+(?:\([\w\d]+\)|([^[:punct:]\s]|/))))#', $content, $matches ) ) {

				foreach ( $matches[1] as $link_raw ) {
					$url = wp_parse_url( $link_raw );

					// Data URI links.
					if ( ! isset( $url['scheme'] ) || 'data' === $url['scheme'] ) {
						continue;
					}

					// Reject invalid URLs.
					if ( ! isset( $url['host'] ) ) {
						continue;
					}

					// Remove large (and likely invalid) links.
					if ( 4096 < strlen( $link_raw ) ) {
						continue;
					}

					// Build a simple form of the URL so we can compare it to ones we found in IMAGES or SHORTCODES and exclude those.
					$simple_url = $url['scheme'] . '://' . $url['host'] . ( ! empty( $url['path'] ) ? $url['path'] : '' );
					if ( isset( $extracted['image']['url'] ) ) {
						if ( in_array( $simple_url, (array) $extracted['image']['url'], true ) ) {
							continue;
						}
					}

					list( $proto, $link_all_but_proto ) = explode( '://', $link_raw ); // phpcs:ignore VariableAnalysis.CodeAnalysis.VariableAnalysis.UnusedVariable

					// Build a reversed hostname.
					$host_parts    = array_reverse( explode( '.', $url['host'] ) );
					$host_reversed = '';
					foreach ( $host_parts as $part ) {
						$host_reversed .= ( ! empty( $host_reversed ) ? '.' : '' ) . $part;
					}

					$link_analyzed = '';
					if ( ! empty( $url['path'] ) ) {
						// The whole path (no query args or fragments).
						$path           = substr( $url['path'], 1 ); // strip the leading '/'.
						$link_analyzed .= ( ! empty( $link_analyzed ) ? ' ' : '' ) . $path;

						// The path split by /.
						$path_split = explode( '/', $path );
						if ( count( $path_split ) > 1 ) {
							$link_analyzed .= ' ' . implode( ' ', $path_split );
						}

						// The fragment.
						if ( ! empty( $url['fragment'] ) ) {
							$link_analyzed .= ( ! empty( $link_analyzed ) ? ' ' : '' ) . $url['fragment'];
						}
					}

					$link = array(
						'url'           => $link_all_but_proto,
						'host_reversed' => $host_reversed,
						'host'          => $url['host'],
					);
					if ( ! in_array( $link, $links, true ) ) {
						$links[] = $link;
					}
				}
			}

			$link_count = count( $links );
			if ( $link_count ) {
				$extracted['link'] = $links;
				if ( ! isset( $extracted['has'] ) ) {
					$extracted['has'] = array();
				}
				$extracted['has']['link'] = $link_count;
			}
		}

		// ----------------------------------- EMBEDS ------------------------------

		// Embeds are just individual links on their own line.
		if ( self::EMBEDS & $what_to_extract ) {

			if ( ! function_exists( '_wp_oembed_get_object' ) ) {
				include ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-oembed.php';
			}

			// get an oembed object.
			$oembed = _wp_oembed_get_object();

			// Grab any links on their own lines that may be embeds.
			if ( preg_match_all( '|^\s*(https?://[^\s"]+)\s*$|im', $content, $matches ) ) {

				// To hold the extracted stuff we find.
				$embeds = array();

				foreach ( $matches[1] as $link_raw ) {
					$url = wp_parse_url( $link_raw );

					list( $proto, $link_all_but_proto ) = explode( '://', $link_raw ); // phpcs:ignore VariableAnalysis.CodeAnalysis.VariableAnalysis.UnusedVariable

					// Check whether this "link" is really an embed.
					foreach ( $oembed->providers as $matchmask => $data ) {
						list( $providerurl, $regex ) = $data; // phpcs:ignore VariableAnalysis.CodeAnalysis.VariableAnalysis.UnusedVariable

						// Turn the asterisk-type provider URLs into regex.
						if ( ! $regex ) {
							$matchmask = '#' . str_replace( '___wildcard___', '(.+)', preg_quote( str_replace( '*', '___wildcard___', $matchmask ), '#' ) ) . '#i';
							$matchmask = preg_replace( '|^#http\\\://|', '#https?\://', $matchmask );
						}

						if ( preg_match( $matchmask, $link_raw ) ) {
							$embeds[] = $link_all_but_proto; // @todo Check unique before adding

							// @todo Try to get ID's for the ones we care about (shortcode_keepers)
							break;
						}
					}
				}

				if ( ! empty( $embeds ) ) {
					if ( ! isset( $extracted['has'] ) ) {
						$extracted['has'] = array();
					}
					$extracted['has']['embed'] = count( $embeds );
					$extracted['embed']        = array( 'url' => array() );
					foreach ( $embeds as $e ) {
						$extracted['embed']['url'][] = $e;
					}
				}
			}
		}

		return $extracted;
	}

	/**
	 * Get image fields for matching images.
	 *
	 * @uses Jetpack_PostImages
	 *
	 * @param WP_Post $post A post object.
	 * @param array   $args Optional args, see defaults list for details.
	 * @param boolean $extract_alt_text Should alt_text be extracted, defaults to false.
	 *
	 * @return array Returns an array of all images meeting the specified criteria in $args.
	 */
	private static function get_image_fields( $post, $args = array(), $extract_alt_text = false ) {

		if ( ! $post instanceof WP_Post ) {
			return array();
		}

		$defaults = array(
			'width'  => 200, // Required minimum width (if possible to determine).
			'height' => 200, // Required minimum height (if possible to determine).
		);

		$args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

		$image_list                = array();
		$image_booleans            = array();
		$image_booleans['gallery'] = 0;

		$from_featured_image = Jetpack_PostImages::from_thumbnail( $post->ID, $args['width'], $args['height'] );
		if ( ! empty( $from_featured_image ) ) {
			if ( $extract_alt_text ) {
				$image_list = array_merge( $image_list, self::reduce_extracted_images( $from_featured_image ) );
			} else {
				$srcs       = wp_list_pluck( $from_featured_image, 'src' );
				$image_list = array_merge( $image_list, $srcs );
			}
		}

		$from_slideshow = Jetpack_PostImages::from_slideshow( $post->ID, $args['width'], $args['height'] );
		if ( ! empty( $from_slideshow ) ) {
			if ( $extract_alt_text ) {
				$image_list = array_merge( $image_list, self::reduce_extracted_images( $from_slideshow ) );
			} else {
				$srcs       = wp_list_pluck( $from_slideshow, 'src' );
				$image_list = array_merge( $image_list, $srcs );
			}
		}

		$from_gallery = Jetpack_PostImages::from_gallery( $post->ID );
		if ( ! empty( $from_gallery ) ) {
			if ( $extract_alt_text ) {
				$image_list = array_merge( $image_list, self::reduce_extracted_images( $from_gallery ) );
			} else {
				$srcs       = wp_list_pluck( $from_gallery, 'src' );
				$image_list = array_merge( $image_list, $srcs );
			}
			++$image_booleans['gallery']; // @todo This count isn't correct, will only every count 1
		}

		// @todo Can we check width/height of these efficiently?  Could maybe use query args at least, before we strip them out
		$image_list = self::get_images_from_html( $post->post_content, $image_list, $extract_alt_text );

		return self::build_image_struct( $image_list, $image_booleans );
	}

	/**
	 * Given an extracted image array reduce to src,  alt_text, src_width, and src_height.
	 *
	 * @param array $images extracted image array.
	 *
	 * @return array reduced image array
	 */
	protected static function reduce_extracted_images( $images ) {
		$ret_images = array();
		foreach ( $images as $image ) {
			// skip if src isn't set.
			if ( empty( $image['src'] ) ) {
				continue;
			}
			$ret_image = array(
				'url' => $image['src'],
			);
			if ( ! empty( $image['src_height'] ) || ! empty( $image['src_width'] ) ) {
				$ret_image['src_width']  = $image['src_width'] ?? '';
				$ret_image['src_height'] = $image['src_height'] ?? '';
			}
			if ( ! empty( $image['alt_text'] ) ) {
				$ret_image['alt_text'] = $image['alt_text'];
			} else {
				$ret_image = $image['src'];
			}
			$ret_images[] = $ret_image;
		}
		return $ret_images;
	}

	/**
	 * Helper function to get images from HTML and return it with the set sturcture.
	 *
	 * @param string $content HTML content.
	 * @param array  $image_list Array of already found images.
	 * @param string $extract_alt_text Whether or not to extract the alt text.
	 *
	 * @return array|array[] Array of images.
	 */
	public static function extract_images_from_content( $content, $image_list, $extract_alt_text = false ) {
		$image_list = self::get_images_from_html( $content, $image_list, $extract_alt_text );
		return self::build_image_struct( $image_list, array() );
	}

	/**
	 * Produces a set structure for extracted media items.
	 *
	 * @param array $image_list Array of images.
	 * @param array $image_booleans Image booleans.
	 *
	 * @return array|array[]
	 */
	public static function build_image_struct( $image_list, $image_booleans ) {
		if ( ! empty( $image_list ) ) {
			$retval     = array( 'image' => array() );
			$image_list = array_unique( $image_list, SORT_REGULAR );
			foreach ( $image_list as $img ) {
				if ( is_string( $img ) ) {
					$retval['image'][] = array( 'url' => $img );
				} else {
					$retval['image'][] = $img;
				}
			}
			$image_booleans['image'] = count( $retval['image'] );
			if ( ! empty( $image_booleans ) ) {
				$retval['has'] = $image_booleans;
			}
			return $retval;
		} else {
			return array();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Extracts images from html.
	 *
	 * @param string  $html Some markup, possibly containing image tags.
	 * @param array   $images_already_extracted (just an array of image URLs without query strings, no special structure), used for de-duplication.
	 * @param boolean $extract_alt_text Should alt_text be extracted, defaults to false.
	 *
	 * @return array Image URLs extracted from the HTML, stripped of query params and de-duped
	 */
	public static function get_images_from_html( $html, $images_already_extracted, $extract_alt_text = false ) {
		$image_list = $images_already_extracted;
		$from_html  = Jetpack_PostImages::from_html( $html );
		// early return if no image in html.
		if ( empty( $from_html ) ) {
			return $image_list;
		}
		// process images.
		foreach ( $from_html as $extracted_image ) {
			$image_url = $extracted_image['src'];
			$length    = strpos( $image_url, '?' );
			$src       = wp_parse_url( $image_url );

			if ( $src && isset( $src['scheme'] ) && isset( $src['host'] ) && isset( $src['path'] ) ) {
				// Rebuild the URL without the query string.
				$queryless = $src['scheme'] . '://' . $src['host'] . $src['path'];
			} elseif ( $length ) {
				// If wp_parse_url() didn't work, strip off the query string the old fashioned way.
				$queryless = substr( $image_url, 0, $length );
			} else {
				// Failing that, there was no spoon! Err ... query string!
				$queryless = $image_url;
			}

			// Discard URLs that are longer then 4KB, these are likely data URIs or malformed HTML.
			if ( 4096 < strlen( $queryless ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( ! in_array( $queryless, $image_list, true ) ) {
				$image_to_add = array(
					'url' => $queryless,
				);
				if ( $extract_alt_text ) {
					if ( ! empty( $extracted_image['alt_text'] ) ) {
						$image_to_add['alt_text'] = $extracted_image['alt_text'];
					}
					if ( ! empty( $extracted_image['src_width'] ) || ! empty( $extracted_image['src_height'] ) ) {
							$image_to_add['src_width']  = $extracted_image['src_width'];
							$image_to_add['src_height'] = $extracted_image['src_height'];
					}
				} else {
					$image_to_add = $queryless;
				}
				$image_list[] = $image_to_add;
			}
		}
		return $image_list;
	}

	/**
	 * Strips concents of all tags, shortcodes, and decodes HTML entities.
	 *
	 * @param string $content Original content.
	 *
	 * @return string Cleaned content.
	 */
	private static function get_stripped_content( $content ) {
		$clean_content = wp_strip_all_tags( $content );
		$clean_content = html_entity_decode( $clean_content, ENT_QUOTES | ENT_SUBSTITUTE | ENT_HTML401 );
		// completely strip shortcodes and any content they enclose.
		$clean_content = strip_shortcodes( $clean_content );
		return $clean_content;
	}
}
