defmodule Automata.AdaptiveLearning.CollectiveKnowledgeEvolution do
  @moduledoc """
  Collective Knowledge Evolution system.
  
  This module implements mechanisms for evolving collective knowledge through knowledge
  refinement, theory revision, ontology evolution, and concept drift adaptation. It enables
  the system to continuously update and improve its knowledge base as new information
  becomes available and as the environment changes.
  """
  
  use GenServer
  alias Automata.CollectiveIntelligence.KnowledgeSynthesis.KnowledgeSystem
  
  # Client API
  
  @doc """
  Starts the Collective Knowledge Evolution system.
  """
  def start_link(opts \\ []) do
    name = Keyword.get(opts, :name, __MODULE__)
    GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, opts, name: name)
  end
  
  @doc """
  Registers a new knowledge source.
  """
  def register_knowledge_source(source_id, type, params \\ %{}) do
    GenServer.call(__MODULE__, {:register_knowledge_source, source_id, type, params})
  end
  
  @doc """
  Adds a new observation to the knowledge base.
  """
  def add_observation(observation, source_id, metadata \\ %{}) do
    GenServer.cast(__MODULE__, {:add_observation, observation, source_id, metadata})
  end
  
  @doc """
  Proposes a knowledge revision based on new evidence.
  """
  def propose_revision(knowledge_id, revision, evidence, source_id) do
    GenServer.call(__MODULE__, {:propose_revision, knowledge_id, revision, evidence, source_id})
  end
  
  @doc """
  Detects and adapts to concept drift.
  """
  def detect_concept_drift(concept_id, params \\ %{}) do
    GenServer.call(__MODULE__, {:detect_concept_drift, concept_id, params})
  end
  
  @doc """
  Evolves the ontology based on new evidence.
  """
  def evolve_ontology(params \\ %{}) do
    GenServer.call(__MODULE__, {:evolve_ontology, params})
  end
  
  @doc """
  Gets the current state of a knowledge element.
  """
  def get_knowledge_state(knowledge_id) do
    GenServer.call(__MODULE__, {:get_knowledge_state, knowledge_id})
  end
  
  @doc """
  Gets history of revisions for a knowledge element.
  """
  def get_revision_history(knowledge_id) do
    GenServer.call(__MODULE__, {:get_revision_history, knowledge_id})
  end
  
  @doc """
  Gets metrics about the knowledge evolution process.
  """
  def get_evolution_metrics do
    GenServer.call(__MODULE__, :get_evolution_metrics)
  end
  
  @doc """
  Triggers a knowledge refinement cycle.
  """
  def refine_knowledge(options \\ %{}) do
    GenServer.call(__MODULE__, {:refine_knowledge, options})
  end
  
  @doc """
  Check consistency of the knowledge base and identifies conflicts.
  """
  def check_knowledge_consistency do
    GenServer.call(__MODULE__, :check_knowledge_consistency)
  end
  
  # Server Callbacks
  
  @impl true
  def init(opts) do
    # Extract configuration options
    knowledge_refinement_interval = Keyword.get(opts, :knowledge_refinement_interval, 60_000)
    consistency_check_interval = Keyword.get(opts, :consistency_check_interval, 300_000)
    knowledge_system_name = Keyword.get(opts, :knowledge_system, KnowledgeSystem)
    
    # Setup knowledge system connection
    {:ok, knowledge_system} = 
      if Process.whereis(knowledge_system_name) do
        {:ok, knowledge_system_name}
      else
        KnowledgeSystem.start_link(name: knowledge_system_name)
      end
    
    # Setup periodic refinement and consistency checks
    schedule_knowledge_refinement(knowledge_refinement_interval)
    schedule_consistency_check(consistency_check_interval)
    
    # Initialize state
    state = %{
      knowledge_system: knowledge_system,
      knowledge_sources: %{},
      observations: [],
      revisions: %{},
      revision_proposals: %{},
      concept_drift_history: %{},
      ontology_evolution_history: [],
      knowledge_refinement_interval: knowledge_refinement_interval,
      consistency_check_interval: consistency_check_interval,
      metrics: %{
        observations_received: 0,
        revisions_proposed: 0,
        revisions_accepted: 0,
        revisions_rejected: 0,
        concept_drifts_detected: 0,
        ontology_evolutions: 0,
        knowledge_refinements: 0,
        consistency_checks: 0,
        conflicts_detected: 0,
        conflicts_resolved: 0
      }
    }
    
    {:ok, state}
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_call({:register_knowledge_source, source_id, type, params}, _from, state) do
    # Check if source already exists
    if Map.has_key?(state.knowledge_sources, source_id) do
      {:reply, {:error, :already_registered}, state}
    else
      # Create new knowledge source
      new_source = %{
        id: source_id,
        type: type,
        params: params,
        reliability: Map.get(params, :reliability, 0.5),
        expertise_areas: Map.get(params, :expertise_areas, []),
        observations_count: 0,
        trust_score: Map.get(params, :initial_trust, 0.5),
        registered_at: DateTime.utc_now()
      }
      
      # Add to sources map
      updated_sources = Map.put(state.knowledge_sources, source_id, new_source)
      
      {:reply, {:ok, source_id}, %{state | knowledge_sources: updated_sources}}
    end
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_call({:propose_revision, knowledge_id, revision, evidence, source_id}, _from, state) do
    # Check if source exists
    case Map.fetch(state.knowledge_sources, source_id) do
      {:ok, source} ->
        # Create revision proposal
        proposal_id = "proposal_#{knowledge_id}_#{:erlang.monotonic_time()}"
        
        new_proposal = %{
          id: proposal_id,
          knowledge_id: knowledge_id,
          revision: revision,
          evidence: evidence,
          source_id: source_id,
          source_trust: source.trust_score,
          status: :pending,
          created_at: DateTime.utc_now(),
          votes: %{},
          comments: []
        }
        
        # Add to proposals map
        updated_proposals = 
          Map.update(
            state.revision_proposals, 
            knowledge_id, 
            [new_proposal], 
            fn existing -> [new_proposal | existing] end
          )
        
        # Update metrics
        updated_metrics = %{state.metrics | 
          revisions_proposed: state.metrics.revisions_proposed + 1
        }
        
        {:reply, {:ok, proposal_id}, %{state | 
          revision_proposals: updated_proposals,
          metrics: updated_metrics
        }}
        
      :error ->
        {:reply, {:error, :source_not_found}, state}
    end
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_call({:detect_concept_drift, concept_id, params}, _from, state) do
    # Verify concept exists in knowledge system
    case KnowledgeSystem.get_concept(concept_id) do
      {:ok, concept} ->
        # Get historical observations related to this concept
        relevant_observations = 
          Enum.filter(state.observations, fn obs ->
            obs.metadata[:concept_id] == concept_id or
            (is_map(obs.observation) and Map.get(obs.observation, :concept_id) == concept_id)
          end)
        
        detection_method = Map.get(params, :detection_method, :statistical_test)
        
        # Detect drift based on method
        case detect_drift(concept, relevant_observations, detection_method) do
          {:drift_detected, drift_info} ->
            # Record drift information
            drift_record = %{
              concept_id: concept_id,
              drift_info: drift_info,
              detection_method: detection_method,
              detected_at: DateTime.utc_now(),
              params: params
            }
            
            # Update concept drift history
            updated_drift_history = 
              Map.update(
                state.concept_drift_history, 
                concept_id, 
                [drift_record], 
                fn existing -> [drift_record | existing] end
              )
            
            # Update metrics
            updated_metrics = %{state.metrics | 
              concept_drifts_detected: state.metrics.concept_drifts_detected + 1
            }
            
            # Adapt to drift if specified
            if Map.get(params, :auto_adapt, false) do
              # Apply adaptation strategy
              adaptation_strategy = Map.get(params, :adaptation_strategy, :gradual_forgetting)
              
              case adapt_to_drift(concept, drift_info, adaptation_strategy, state) do
                {:ok, adapted_concept} ->
                  # Update concept in knowledge system
                  KnowledgeSystem.update_concept(concept_id, adapted_concept)
                  
                  {:reply, {:drift_detected, drift_info, :adapted}, %{state | 
                    concept_drift_history: updated_drift_history,
                    metrics: updated_metrics
                  }}
                  
                {:error, reason} ->
                  {:reply, {:drift_detected, drift_info, {:adaptation_failed, reason}}, %{state | 
                    concept_drift_history: updated_drift_history,
                    metrics: updated_metrics
                  }}
              end
            else
              # No adaptation, just report drift
              {:reply, {:drift_detected, drift_info}, %{state | 
                concept_drift_history: updated_drift_history,
                metrics: updated_metrics
              }}
            end
            
          :no_drift ->
            {:reply, :no_drift, state}
            
          {:error, reason} ->
            {:reply, {:error, reason}, state}
        end
        
      {:error, reason} ->
        {:reply, {:error, reason}, state}
    end
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_call({:evolve_ontology, params}, _from, state) do
    # Get evolution strategy from params
    evolution_strategy = Map.get(params, :evolution_strategy, :concept_clustering)
    
    # Apply ontology evolution
    case apply_ontology_evolution(evolution_strategy, state) do
      {:ok, evolution_info} ->
        # Record evolution information
        evolution_record = %{
          strategy: evolution_strategy,
          info: evolution_info,
          params: params,
          evolved_at: DateTime.utc_now()
        }
        
        # Update ontology evolution history
        updated_evolution_history = [evolution_record | state.ontology_evolution_history]
        
        # Update metrics
        updated_metrics = %{state.metrics | 
          ontology_evolutions: state.metrics.ontology_evolutions + 1
        }
        
        {:reply, {:ok, evolution_info}, %{state | 
          ontology_evolution_history: updated_evolution_history,
          metrics: updated_metrics
        }}
        
      {:error, reason} ->
        {:reply, {:error, reason}, state}
    end
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_call({:get_knowledge_state, knowledge_id}, _from, state) do
    # Query knowledge system for current state
    case KnowledgeSystem.get_knowledge(knowledge_id, :any) do
      {:ok, knowledge} ->
        # Get revision history
        revisions = Map.get(state.revisions, knowledge_id, [])
        
        # Create knowledge state report
        knowledge_state = %{
          id: knowledge_id,
          current_state: knowledge,
          revision_count: length(revisions),
          latest_revision: if(length(revisions) > 0, do: hd(revisions), else: nil),
          pending_proposals: Map.get(state.revision_proposals, knowledge_id, [])
        }
        
        {:reply, {:ok, knowledge_state}, state}
        
      {:error, reason} ->
        {:reply, {:error, reason}, state}
    end
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_call({:get_revision_history, knowledge_id}, _from, state) do
    # Get revision history for this knowledge element
    revisions = Map.get(state.revisions, knowledge_id, [])
    
    {:reply, {:ok, revisions}, state}
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_call(:get_evolution_metrics, _from, state) do
    {:reply, {:ok, state.metrics}, state}
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_call({:refine_knowledge, options}, _from, state) do
    # Run knowledge refinement cycle
    case refine_knowledge_base(options, state) do
      {:ok, refinement_info} ->
        # Update metrics
        updated_metrics = %{state.metrics | 
          knowledge_refinements: state.metrics.knowledge_refinements + 1
        }
        
        {:reply, {:ok, refinement_info}, %{state | metrics: updated_metrics}}
        
      {:error, reason} ->
        {:reply, {:error, reason}, state}
    end
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_call(:check_knowledge_consistency, _from, state) do
    # Check knowledge base consistency
    case check_consistency(state) do
      {:ok, consistency_report} ->
        # Update metrics
        updated_metrics = %{state.metrics | 
          consistency_checks: state.metrics.consistency_checks + 1,
          conflicts_detected: state.metrics.conflicts_detected + length(consistency_report.conflicts)
        }
        
        {:reply, {:ok, consistency_report}, %{state | metrics: updated_metrics}}
        
      {:error, reason} ->
        {:reply, {:error, reason}, state}
    end
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_cast({:add_observation, observation, source_id, metadata}, state) do
    # Check if source exists
    case Map.fetch(state.knowledge_sources, source_id) do
      {:ok, source} ->
        # Create observation record
        observation_record = %{
          observation: observation,
          source_id: source_id,
          metadata: metadata,
          received_at: DateTime.utc_now()
        }
        
        # Add to observations list
        updated_observations = [observation_record | state.observations]
        
        # Update source stats
        updated_source = %{source | observations_count: source.observations_count + 1}
        updated_sources = Map.put(state.knowledge_sources, source_id, updated_source)
        
        # Update metrics
        updated_metrics = %{state.metrics | 
          observations_received: state.metrics.observations_received + 1
        }
        
        # Process observation if auto processing enabled
        if Map.get(metadata, :auto_process, false) do
          case process_observation(observation_record, state) do
            {:ok, _processing_info} ->
              # Successfully processed
              {:noreply, %{state | 
                observations: updated_observations,
                knowledge_sources: updated_sources,
                metrics: updated_metrics
              }}
              
            {:error, _reason} ->
              # Processing error, still store observation
              {:noreply, %{state | 
                observations: updated_observations,
                knowledge_sources: updated_sources,
                metrics: updated_metrics
              }}
          end
        else
          # No auto processing, just store observation
          {:noreply, %{state | 
            observations: updated_observations,
            knowledge_sources: updated_sources,
            metrics: updated_metrics
          }}
        end
        
      :error ->
        # Source not found, ignore observation
        {:noreply, state}
    end
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_info(:refine_knowledge, state) do
    # Run knowledge refinement cycle
    case refine_knowledge_base(%{}, state) do
      {:ok, _refinement_info} ->
        # Update metrics
        updated_metrics = %{state.metrics | 
          knowledge_refinements: state.metrics.knowledge_refinements + 1
        }
        
        # Schedule next refinement
        schedule_knowledge_refinement(state.knowledge_refinement_interval)
        
        {:noreply, %{state | metrics: updated_metrics}}
        
      {:error, _reason} ->
        # Schedule next refinement even on error
        schedule_knowledge_refinement(state.knowledge_refinement_interval)
        
        {:noreply, state}
    end
  end
  
  @impl true
  def handle_info(:check_consistency, state) do
    # Check knowledge base consistency
    case check_consistency(state) do
      {:ok, consistency_report} ->
        # Update metrics
        updated_metrics = %{state.metrics | 
          consistency_checks: state.metrics.consistency_checks + 1,
          conflicts_detected: state.metrics.conflicts_detected + length(consistency_report.conflicts)
        }
        
        # Try to resolve conflicts if auto-resolution is enabled
        {conflicts_resolved, final_metrics} = 
          if Map.get(state, :auto_resolve_conflicts, false) do
            case resolve_conflicts(consistency_report.conflicts, state) do
              {:ok, resolution_info} ->
                {resolution_info.resolved_count, %{updated_metrics | 
                  conflicts_resolved: updated_metrics.conflicts_resolved + resolution_info.resolved_count
                }}
                
              {:error, _} ->
                {0, updated_metrics}
            end
          else
            {0, updated_metrics}
          end
        
        # Schedule next consistency check
        schedule_consistency_check(state.consistency_check_interval)
        
        {:noreply, %{state | metrics: final_metrics}}
        
      {:error, _} ->
        # Schedule next consistency check even on error
        schedule_consistency_check(state.consistency_check_interval)
        
        {:noreply, state}
    end
  end
  
  # Private Helper Functions
  
  defp detect_drift(concept, observations, detection_method) do
    case detection_method do
      :statistical_test ->
        # Implement statistical test for concept drift detection
        # This is a placeholder implementation
        
        # Filter recent observations
        recent_observations = 
          Enum.filter(observations, fn obs ->
            time_diff = DateTime.diff(DateTime.utc_now(), obs.received_at, :second)
            time_diff < 3600  # Last hour
          end)
        
        # Compare with older observations
        older_observations = 
          Enum.filter(observations, fn obs ->
            time_diff = DateTime.diff(DateTime.utc_now(), obs.received_at, :second)
            time_diff >= 3600 and time_diff < 86400  # Between 1 hour and 1 day ago
          end)
        
        if length(recent_observations) > 10 and length(older_observations) > 10 do
          # Simple distribution shift detection
          # In real implementation, use proper statistical tests
          {:drift_detected, %{
            type: :distribution_shift,
            confidence: 0.75,
            recent_sample_size: length(recent_observations),
            older_sample_size: length(older_observations)
          }}
        else
          :no_drift
        end
        
      :concept_evolution ->
        # Check for concept evolution
        # This is a placeholder implementation
        
        # Check if concept has evolved based on recent observations
        if length(observations) > 20 do
          # Simple placeholder implementation
          {:drift_detected, %{
            type: :concept_evolution,
            confidence: 0.6,
            sample_size: length(observations)
          }}
        else
          :no_drift
        end
        
      _ ->
        {:error, :unsupported_detection_method}
    end
  end
  
  defp adapt_to_drift(concept, drift_info, adaptation_strategy, state) do
    case adaptation_strategy do
      :gradual_forgetting ->
        # Implement gradual forgetting of old knowledge
        # This is a placeholder implementation
        
        # Create adapted concept with reduced weight for old observations
        adapted_concept = %{
          concept |
          confidence: concept.confidence * 0.8,  # Reduce confidence
          metadata: Map.put(concept.metadata || %{}, :drift_adapted, true)
        }
        
        {:ok, adapted_concept}
        
      :model_update ->
        # Update model based on new observations
        # This is a placeholder implementation
        
        # Create updated concept
        updated_concept = %{
          concept |
          last_updated: DateTime.utc_now(),
          metadata: Map.put(concept.metadata || %{}, :drift_adapted, true)
        }
        
        {:ok, updated_concept}
        
      _ ->
        {:error, :unsupported_adaptation_strategy}
    end
  end
  
  defp apply_ontology_evolution(evolution_strategy, state) do
    case evolution_strategy do
      :concept_clustering ->
        # Cluster related concepts
        # This is a placeholder implementation
        
        {:ok, %{
          strategy: :concept_clustering,
          clusters_formed: 3,
          affected_concepts: 8
        }}
        
      :relation_discovery ->
        # Discover new relations between concepts
        # This is a placeholder implementation
        
        {:ok, %{
          strategy: :relation_discovery,
          relations_discovered: 5,
          affected_concepts: 10
        }}
        
      :concept_drift_adaptation ->
        # Adapt ontology to concept drift
        # This is a placeholder implementation
        
        {:ok, %{
          strategy: :concept_drift_adaptation,
          concepts_adapted: 4,
          drift_magnitude: 0.65
        }}
        
      _ ->
        {:error, :unsupported_evolution_strategy}
    end
  end
  
  defp process_observation(observation_record, state) do
    # Process a new observation
    # This is a placeholder implementation
    
    # Determine type of observation
    case observation_record.observation do
      %{type: :fact} ->
        # Process factual observation
        # In a real implementation, would update knowledge base
        {:ok, %{
          processed_as: :fact,
          integrated: true
        }}
        
      %{type: :relation} ->
        # Process relational observation
        # In a real implementation, would update knowledge base
        {:ok, %{
          processed_as: :relation,
          integrated: true
        }}
        
      _ ->
        # Unrecognized observation type
        {:error, :unknown_observation_type}
    end
  end
  
  defp refine_knowledge_base(options, state) do
    # Refine knowledge based on accumulated observations
    # This is a placeholder implementation
    
    refinement_type = Map.get(options, :refinement_type, :general)
    
    case refinement_type do
      :general ->
        # General knowledge refinement
        # In a real implementation, would analyze observations and update knowledge
        {:ok, %{
          refinement_type: :general,
          observations_processed: 100,
          knowledge_elements_refined: 20
        }}
        
      :targeted ->
        # Targeted refinement of specific knowledge area
        target_area = Map.get(options, :target_area)
        
        if target_area do
          {:ok, %{
            refinement_type: :targeted,
            target_area: target_area,
            observations_processed: 50,
            knowledge_elements_refined: 10
          }}
        else
          {:error, :missing_target_area}
        end
        
      :deep ->
        # Deep refinement with high computational cost
        # In a real implementation, would perform extensive analysis
        {:ok, %{
          refinement_type: :deep,
          observations_processed: 200,
          knowledge_elements_refined: 40,
          computation_time_ms: 5000
        }}
        
      _ ->
        {:error, :unsupported_refinement_type}
    end
  end
  
  defp check_consistency(state) do
    # Check knowledge base for consistency
    # This is a placeholder implementation
    
    # Request consistency check from knowledge system
    case KnowledgeSystem.verify_consistency() do
      {:ok, consistent} ->
        if consistent do
          {:ok, %{
            consistent: true,
            conflicts: [],
            timestamp: DateTime.utc_now()
          }}
        else
          # Get conflicts
          case KnowledgeSystem.identify_contradictions() do
            {:ok, contradictions} ->
              {:ok, %{
                consistent: false,
                conflicts: contradictions,
                timestamp: DateTime.utc_now()
              }}
              
            {:error, reason} ->
              {:error, reason}
          end
        end
        
      {:error, reason} ->
        {:error, reason}
    end
  end
  
  defp resolve_conflicts(conflicts, state) do
    # Attempt to resolve knowledge conflicts
    # This is a placeholder implementation
    
    # Count how many conflicts were resolved
    resolved_count = 
      Enum.count(conflicts, fn conflict ->
        # In a real implementation, would apply resolution strategies
        # Here just pretend to resolve some conflicts
        :rand.uniform() < 0.7  # 70% chance of resolution
      end)
    
    {:ok, %{
      resolved_count: resolved_count,
      total_conflicts: length(conflicts),
      timestamp: DateTime.utc_now()
    }}
  end
  
  defp schedule_knowledge_refinement(interval) do
    Process.send_after(self(), :refine_knowledge, interval)
  end
  
  defp schedule_consistency_check(interval) do
    Process.send_after(self(), :check_consistency, interval)
  end
end