defmodule Automata.Reasoning.Cognitive.Metacognition.SelfModification do
  @moduledoc """
  Self-Modification Protocols for Meta-Cognitive System

  This module provides mechanisms for safe self-modification of the system:
  - Bounded self-modification with safety guarantees
  - Hierarchical approval system for modification proposals
  - Modification impact prediction
  """

  alias Automata.Reasoning.Cognitive.Metacognition.SelfModification.{
    ModificationProposal,
    ApprovalSystem,
    ImpactPrediction,
    SafeExecution
  }

  defmodule ModificationProposal do
    @moduledoc """
    Defines and manages proposals for system self-modification.
    """

    @type component_id :: atom() | String.t()
    @type parameter_id :: atom() | String.t()
    
    @type modification_scope :: :parameter | :structure | :behavior | :goal | :strategy
    
    @type modification :: %{
            component: component_id(),
            scope: modification_scope(),
            type: atom(),
            target: map(),
            change: map(),
            rationale: String.t(),
            metadata: map()
          }
    
    @type proposal :: %{
            id: String.t(),
            modifications: list(modification()),
            expected_benefits: list(map()),
            safety_assessment: map(),
            source: atom(),
            priority: number(),
            state: atom(),
            creation_time: DateTime.t(),
            metadata: map()
          }

    @doc """
    Creates a new modification proposal.
    """
    @spec create_proposal(list(modification()), list(map()), atom(), keyword()) :: proposal()
    def create_proposal(modifications, expected_benefits, source, options \\ []) do
      # Generate unique ID for proposal
      id = generate_proposal_id()
      
      # Set default priority (0.0-1.0) or use provided value
      priority = Keyword.get(options, :priority, 0.5)
      
      # Default metadata or merge with provided metadata
      metadata = Keyword.get(options, :metadata, %{})
      
      # Create initial safety assessment
      safety_assessment = initial_safety_assessment(modifications)
      
      # Create the proposal structure
      %{
        id: id,
        modifications: modifications,
        expected_benefits: expected_benefits,
        safety_assessment: safety_assessment,
        source: source,
        priority: priority,
        state: :proposed,
        creation_time: DateTime.utc_now(),
        metadata: metadata
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Generates a unique ID for a proposal.
    """
    @spec generate_proposal_id() :: String.t()
    defp generate_proposal_id do
      # Generate a random UUID
      UUID.uuid4()
    end

    @doc """
    Creates an initial safety assessment for a set of modifications.
    """
    @spec initial_safety_assessment(list(modification())) :: map()
    defp initial_safety_assessment(modifications) do
      # Categorize modifications by risk level
      {high_risk, medium_risk, low_risk} = categorize_by_risk(modifications)
      
      # Calculate overall risk level
      overall_risk = calculate_overall_risk(high_risk, medium_risk, low_risk)
      
      # Determine required review level
      required_review = determine_required_review(overall_risk)
      
      # Initial safety assessment
      %{
        risk_level: overall_risk,
        required_review: required_review,
        high_risk_modifications: length(high_risk),
        medium_risk_modifications: length(medium_risk),
        low_risk_modifications: length(low_risk),
        safety_verified: false,
        verification_method: :pending
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Categorizes modifications by risk level.
    """
    @spec categorize_by_risk(list(modification())) :: {list(modification()), list(modification()), list(modification())}
    defp categorize_by_risk(modifications) do
      Enum.reduce(modifications, {[], [], []}, fn modification, {high, medium, low} ->
        risk = assess_modification_risk(modification)
        
        case risk do
          :high -> {[modification | high], medium, low}
          :medium -> {high, [modification | medium], low}
          :low -> {high, medium, [modification | low]}
        end
      end)
    end

    @doc """
    Assesses the risk level of a single modification.
    """
    @spec assess_modification_risk(modification()) :: :high | :medium | :low
    defp assess_modification_risk(modification) do
      # Risk assessment based on modification scope and type
      case modification.scope do
        # Structural changes are highest risk
        :structure -> :high
        
        # Behavior changes are medium to high risk
        :behavior -> 
          if critical_component?(modification.component), do: :high, else: :medium
          
        # Goal changes can vary in risk
        :goal -> 
          if fundamental_goal?(modification.target), do: :high, else: :medium
          
        # Strategy changes are usually medium risk
        :strategy -> :medium
        
        # Parameter changes are usually low risk
        :parameter -> 
          if critical_parameter?(modification.target), do: :medium, else: :low
          
        # Default to high risk for unknown scopes
        _ -> :high
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Determines if a component is considered critical for system operation.
    """
    @spec critical_component?(component_id()) :: boolean()
    defp critical_component?(component) do
      critical_components = [
        :safety_monitor,
        :core_reasoning,
        :security_manager,
        :resource_manager,
        :belief_system
      ]
      
      Enum.member?(critical_components, component)
    end

    @doc """
    Determines if a goal is considered fundamental to system purpose.
    """
    @spec fundamental_goal?(map()) :: boolean()
    defp fundamental_goal?(goal) do
      # Check if the goal is in the fundamental goal set
      # In a real implementation, this would check against core goal definitions
      Map.get(goal, :fundamental, false)
    end

    @doc """
    Determines if a parameter is considered critical for safe operation.
    """
    @spec critical_parameter?(map()) :: boolean()
    defp critical_parameter?(parameter) do
      # Check if the parameter affects critical system properties
      # In a real implementation, this would check against a list of critical parameters
      Map.get(parameter, :critical, false)
    end

    @doc """
    Calculates the overall risk level based on modification categorization.
    """
    @spec calculate_overall_risk(list(modification()), list(modification()), list(modification())) :: :high | :medium | :low
    defp calculate_overall_risk(high_risk, medium_risk, low_risk) do
      cond do
        # Any high-risk modifications make the overall risk high
        length(high_risk) > 0 -> :high
        
        # Multiple medium-risk modifications escalate to high risk
        length(medium_risk) > 2 -> :high
        
        # At least one medium-risk modification keeps it medium risk
        length(medium_risk) > 0 -> :medium
        
        # Many low-risk modifications escalate to medium risk
        length(low_risk) > 5 -> :medium
        
        # Otherwise, it's low risk
        true -> :low
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Determines the required review level based on risk assessment.
    """
    @spec determine_required_review(:high | :medium | :low) :: :hierarchical | :peer | :self
    defp determine_required_review(risk_level) do
      case risk_level do
        :high -> :hierarchical  # Requires multi-level approval
        :medium -> :peer  # Requires peer review
        :low -> :self  # Can be self-approved with verification
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Validates a modification proposal for completeness and consistency.
    """
    @spec validate_proposal(proposal()) :: {:ok, proposal()} | {:error, list(String.t())}
    def validate_proposal(proposal) do
      # List to accumulate validation errors
      validation_errors = []
      
      # Check for required fields
      validation_errors = check_required_fields(proposal, validation_errors)
      
      # Validate individual modifications
      validation_errors = validate_modifications(proposal.modifications, validation_errors)
      
      # Validate expected benefits
      validation_errors = validate_benefits(proposal.expected_benefits, validation_errors)
      
      # Check for any validation errors
      if Enum.empty?(validation_errors) do
        {:ok, %{proposal | metadata: Map.put(proposal.metadata, :validated, true)}}
      else
        {:error, validation_errors}
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Checks that all required fields are present in the proposal.
    """
    @spec check_required_fields(proposal(), list(String.t())) :: list(String.t())
    defp check_required_fields(proposal, errors) do
      # List of required fields
      required_fields = [:id, :modifications, :expected_benefits, :source]
      
      # Check each required field
      Enum.reduce(required_fields, errors, fn field, acc ->
        if Map.has_key?(proposal, field) do
          acc
        else
          ["Missing required field: #{field}" | acc]
        end
      end)
    end

    @doc """
    Validates individual modifications in a proposal.
    """
    @spec validate_modifications(list(modification()), list(String.t())) :: list(String.t())
    defp validate_modifications(modifications, errors) do
      # Error if no modifications
      if Enum.empty?(modifications) do
        ["Proposal must include at least one modification" | errors]
      else
        # Validate each modification
        Enum.reduce(modifications, errors, fn modification, acc ->
          validate_modification(modification, acc)
        end)
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Validates a single modification for completeness and consistency.
    """
    @spec validate_modification(modification(), list(String.t())) :: list(String.t())
    defp validate_modification(modification, errors) do
      # Check required fields for a modification
      mod_required = [:component, :scope, :type, :target, :change]
      
      # Validate required fields
      errors = Enum.reduce(mod_required, errors, fn field, acc ->
        if Map.has_key?(modification, field) do
          acc
        else
          ["Modification missing required field: #{field}" | acc]
        end
      end)
      
      # Validate scope is a valid value
      valid_scopes = [:parameter, :structure, :behavior, :goal, :strategy]
      
      errors = if Map.has_key?(modification, :scope) && 
                  !Enum.member?(valid_scopes, modification.scope) do
        ["Invalid modification scope: #{modification.scope}" | errors]
      else
        errors
      end
      
      # Validate change is appropriate for the scope
      errors = if Map.has_key?(modification, :scope) && 
                  Map.has_key?(modification, :change) do
        validate_change_for_scope(modification.scope, modification.change, errors)
      else
        errors
      end
      
      errors
    end

    @doc """
    Validates that a change is appropriate for the given scope.
    """
    @spec validate_change_for_scope(modification_scope(), map(), list(String.t())) :: list(String.t())
    defp validate_change_for_scope(scope, change, errors) do
      case scope do
        :parameter ->
          # For parameter changes, validate the new value is the right type
          if Map.has_key?(change, :new_value) do
            errors
          else
            ["Parameter change missing new_value" | errors]
          end
          
        :structure ->
          # For structure changes, validate the structural elements
          if Map.has_key?(change, :operation) && 
             Enum.member?([:add, :remove, :modify], change.operation) do
            errors
          else
            ["Structure change missing valid operation" | errors]
          end
          
        :behavior ->
          # For behavior changes, validate behavior specification
          if Map.has_key?(change, :specification) do
            errors
          else
            ["Behavior change missing specification" | errors]
          end
          
        :goal ->
          # For goal changes, validate goal specification
          if Map.has_key?(change, :new_goal) do
            errors
          else
            ["Goal change missing new_goal" | errors]
          end
          
        :strategy ->
          # For strategy changes, validate strategy specification
          if Map.has_key?(change, :new_strategy) do
            errors
          else
            ["Strategy change missing new_strategy" | errors]
          end
          
        _ ->
          ["Unknown modification scope: #{scope}" | errors]
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Validates expected benefits of a proposal.
    """
    @spec validate_benefits(list(map()), list(String.t())) :: list(String.t())
    defp validate_benefits(benefits, errors) do
      # Error if no benefits
      if Enum.empty?(benefits) do
        ["Proposal must include at least one expected benefit" | errors]
      else
        # Validate each benefit
        Enum.reduce(benefits, errors, fn benefit, acc ->
          # Check required fields for a benefit
          if Map.has_key?(benefit, :description) && 
             Map.has_key?(benefit, :impact) do
            acc
          else
            ["Benefit missing description or impact" | acc]
          end
        end)
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Updates a proposal with a new state and additional information.
    """
    @spec update_proposal(proposal(), atom(), map()) :: proposal()
    def update_proposal(proposal, new_state, updates \\ %{}) do
      # Update the proposal state
      updated = %{proposal | state: new_state}
      
      # Apply any additional updates
      Map.merge(updated, updates)
    end
  end

  defmodule ApprovalSystem do
    @moduledoc """
    Manages the hierarchical approval process for modification proposals.
    """

    @type approval_level :: :self | :peer | :supervisor | :committee
    @type approval_status :: :pending | :approved | :rejected | :conditionally_approved
    
    @type approval :: %{
            level: approval_level(),
            approver: atom() | String.t(),
            status: approval_status(),
            conditions: list(String.t()),
            timestamp: DateTime.t(),
            comments: String.t()
          }
    
    @type approval_chain :: %{
            levels: list(approval_level()),
            current_level: non_neg_integer(),
            approvals: list(approval()),
            final_status: approval_status(),
            completion_time: DateTime.t() | nil
          }

    @doc """
    Creates an approval chain for a proposal based on its risk level.
    """
    @spec create_approval_chain(ModificationProposal.proposal()) :: approval_chain()
    def create_approval_chain(proposal) do
      # Determine required approval levels based on proposal risk
      required_levels = determine_approval_levels(proposal)
      
      # Create the approval chain structure
      %{
        levels: required_levels,
        current_level: 0,
        approvals: [],
        final_status: :pending,
        completion_time: nil
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Determines the required approval levels based on proposal characteristics.
    """
    @spec determine_approval_levels(ModificationProposal.proposal()) :: list(approval_level())
    defp determine_approval_levels(proposal) do
      case proposal.safety_assessment.risk_level do
        :high -> [:self, :peer, :supervisor, :committee]
        :medium -> [:self, :peer, :supervisor]
        :low -> [:self, :peer]
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Records an approval decision for the current approval level.
    """
    @spec record_approval(approval_chain(), approval_status(), atom() | String.t(), keyword()) :: approval_chain()
    def record_approval(chain, status, approver, options \\ []) do
      # Get the current approval level
      current_level_index = chain.current_level
      
      # Ensure current level index is valid
      if current_level_index >= length(chain.levels) do
        # Already completed all levels
        chain
      else
        # Get the current level type
        current_level = Enum.at(chain.levels, current_level_index)
        
        # Create the approval record
        approval = %{
          level: current_level,
          approver: approver,
          status: status,
          conditions: Keyword.get(options, :conditions, []),
          timestamp: DateTime.utc_now(),
          comments: Keyword.get(options, :comments, "")
        }
        
        # Add the approval to the chain
        updated_chain = %{chain | approvals: [approval | chain.approvals]}
        
        # Update chain status based on approval status
        case status do
          :approved ->
            # Move to next level if approved
            advance_to_next_level(updated_chain)
            
          :conditionally_approved ->
            # Move to next level with conditions
            advance_to_next_level(updated_chain)
            
          :rejected ->
            # Finalize with rejected status
            finalize_chain(updated_chain, :rejected)
            
          _ ->
            # For other statuses (like pending), don't advance
            updated_chain
        end
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Advances the approval chain to the next level.
    """
    @spec advance_to_next_level(approval_chain()) :: approval_chain()
    defp advance_to_next_level(chain) do
      # Increment current level
      next_level = chain.current_level + 1
      
      # Check if we've completed all levels
      if next_level >= length(chain.levels) do
        # All levels approved, finalize the chain
        finalize_chain(chain, :approved)
      else
        # Move to next level
        %{chain | current_level: next_level}
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Finalizes an approval chain with a final status.
    """
    @spec finalize_chain(approval_chain(), approval_status()) :: approval_chain()
    defp finalize_chain(chain, final_status) do
      %{
        chain | 
        final_status: final_status,
        completion_time: DateTime.utc_now()
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Checks if an approval chain is complete.
    """
    @spec is_complete?(approval_chain()) :: boolean()
    def is_complete?(chain) do
      chain.final_status != :pending
    end

    @doc """
    Validates an approver for the current approval level.
    """
    @spec validate_approver(approval_chain(), atom() | String.t()) :: :ok | {:error, String.t()}
    def validate_approver(chain, approver) do
      # Get the current level
      current_level_index = chain.current_level
      
      if current_level_index >= length(chain.levels) do
        {:error, "Approval chain is already complete"}
      else
        current_level = Enum.at(chain.levels, current_level_index)
        
        # Check if approver is authorized for this level
        if authorized_for_level?(approver, current_level) do
          :ok
        else
          {:error, "Approver #{approver} not authorized for level #{current_level}"}
        end
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Checks if an approver is authorized for a specific approval level.
    """
    @spec authorized_for_level?(atom() | String.t(), approval_level()) :: boolean()
    defp authorized_for_level?(approver, level) do
      # In a real implementation, this would check against a
      # permission system that maps approvers to authorized levels
      
      # For now, return true for testing
      true
    end

    @doc """
    Gets all conditions from conditional approvals in the chain.
    """
    @spec get_approval_conditions(approval_chain()) :: list(String.t())
    def get_approval_conditions(chain) do
      # Extract all conditions from conditional approvals
      chain.approvals
      |> Enum.filter(fn approval -> approval.status == :conditionally_approved end)
      |> Enum.flat_map(fn approval -> approval.conditions end)
    end

    @doc """
    Summarizes the current state of the approval chain.
    """
    @spec summarize_approval_status(approval_chain()) :: map()
    def summarize_approval_status(chain) do
      %{
        complete: is_complete?(chain),
        final_status: chain.final_status,
        levels_approved: chain.current_level,
        total_levels: length(chain.levels),
        conditions: get_approval_conditions(chain),
        time_in_approval: approval_duration(chain)
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Calculates how long a proposal has been in the approval process.
    """
    @spec approval_duration(approval_chain()) :: non_neg_integer()
    defp approval_duration(chain) do
      # Get the timestamp of the first approval
      start_time = chain.approvals
                  |> Enum.sort_by(fn a -> DateTime.to_unix(a.timestamp) end)
                  |> List.last()
                  |> then(fn 
                      nil -> DateTime.utc_now()
                      approval -> approval.timestamp
                     end)
      
      # Get end time (current time if not complete)
      end_time = chain.completion_time || DateTime.utc_now()
      
      # Calculate duration in seconds
      DateTime.diff(end_time, start_time)
    end
  end

  defmodule ImpactPrediction do
    @moduledoc """
    Predicts the impact of proposed modifications on system behavior and performance.
    """

    @type component_id :: atom() | String.t()
    
    @type impact_area :: :performance | :safety | :robustness | 
                         :explainability | :resource_usage | :interaction
    
    @type impact_prediction :: %{
            positive_impacts: list(map()),
            negative_impacts: list(map()),
            uncertain_impacts: list(map()),
            system_risk: float(),
            confidence: float(),
            side_effects: list(map())
          }

    @doc """
    Predicts the impact of a modification proposal on the system.
    """
    @spec predict_impact(ModificationProposal.proposal(), map(), keyword()) :: impact_prediction()
    def predict_impact(proposal, system_state, options \\ []) do
      # Analyze each modification in the proposal
      modification_impacts = Enum.map(proposal.modifications, fn modification ->
        analyze_modification_impact(modification, system_state, options)
      end)
      
      # Combine impacts across all modifications
      combined_impact = combine_impacts(modification_impacts)
      
      # Analyze potential side effects
      side_effects = analyze_side_effects(proposal, system_state, combined_impact)
      
      # Calculate system risk
      system_risk = calculate_system_risk(combined_impact, side_effects)
      
      # Calculate prediction confidence
      confidence = calculate_prediction_confidence(
        proposal, 
        system_state,
        combined_impact,
        options
      )
      
      # Return the complete impact prediction
      %{
        positive_impacts: combined_impact.positive,
        negative_impacts: combined_impact.negative,
        uncertain_impacts: combined_impact.uncertain,
        system_risk: system_risk,
        confidence: confidence,
        side_effects: side_effects
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Analyzes the impact of a single modification.
    """
    @spec analyze_modification_impact(ModificationProposal.modification(), map(), keyword()) :: map()
    defp analyze_modification_impact(modification, system_state, options) do
      # Analyze impact based on modification scope and type
      scope_impact = analyze_scope_impact(modification.scope, modification, system_state)
      
      # Analyze impact on different system areas
      performance_impact = analyze_area_impact(:performance, modification, system_state)
      safety_impact = analyze_area_impact(:safety, modification, system_state)
      robustness_impact = analyze_area_impact(:robustness, modification, system_state)
      explainability_impact = analyze_area_impact(:explainability, modification, system_state)
      resource_impact = analyze_area_impact(:resource_usage, modification, system_state)
      interaction_impact = analyze_area_impact(:interaction, modification, system_state)
      
      # Categorize impacts as positive, negative, or uncertain
      categorize_impacts(%{
        scope: scope_impact,
        performance: performance_impact,
        safety: safety_impact,
        robustness: robustness_impact,
        explainability: explainability_impact,
        resource_usage: resource_impact,
        interaction: interaction_impact
      })
    end

    @doc """
    Analyzes impact based on modification scope.
    """
    @spec analyze_scope_impact(ModificationProposal.modification_scope(), ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: map()
    defp analyze_scope_impact(scope, modification, system_state) do
      case scope do
        :parameter ->
          analyze_parameter_impact(modification, system_state)
          
        :structure ->
          analyze_structure_impact(modification, system_state)
          
        :behavior ->
          analyze_behavior_impact(modification, system_state)
          
        :goal ->
          analyze_goal_impact(modification, system_state)
          
        :strategy ->
          analyze_strategy_impact(modification, system_state)
          
        _ ->
          %{impact: :uncertain, magnitude: 0.5, description: "Unknown scope impact"}
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Analyzes impact of parameter modifications.
    """
    @spec analyze_parameter_impact(ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: map()
    defp analyze_parameter_impact(modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Compare old and new parameter values
      # - Analyze sensitivity of affected components to the parameter
      # - Model parameter influence on system behavior
      
      # For now, return a placeholder impact
      %{
        impact: :positive,
        magnitude: 0.3,
        description: "Parameter optimization should improve performance"
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Analyzes impact of structural modifications.
    """
    @spec analyze_structure_impact(ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: map()
    defp analyze_structure_impact(modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Analyze how structural changes affect system topology
      # - Evaluate communication patterns and dependencies
      # - Assess architectural integrity
      
      # For now, return a placeholder impact
      %{
        impact: :uncertain,
        magnitude: 0.7,
        description: "Structural changes have wide-ranging effects that require careful review"
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Analyzes impact of behavior modifications.
    """
    @spec analyze_behavior_impact(ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: map()
    defp analyze_behavior_impact(modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Compare old and new behavior specifications
      # - Analyze potential edge cases and failure modes
      # - Evaluate interactions with other components
      
      # For now, return a placeholder impact
      %{
        impact: :positive,
        magnitude: 0.5,
        description: "Behavior modification addresses known limitations"
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Analyzes impact of goal modifications.
    """
    @spec analyze_goal_impact(ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: map()
    defp analyze_goal_impact(modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Evaluate goal alignment with system purpose
      # - Check for goal conflicts or contradictions
      # - Assess goal achievability
      
      # For now, return a placeholder impact
      %{
        impact: :uncertain,
        magnitude: 0.6,
        description: "Goal modification requires evaluation for alignment with system purpose"
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Analyzes impact of strategy modifications.
    """
    @spec analyze_strategy_impact(ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: map()
    defp analyze_strategy_impact(modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Compare strategy effectiveness for target problems
      # - Analyze resource requirements
      # - Evaluate tradeoffs
      
      # For now, return a placeholder impact
      %{
        impact: :positive,
        magnitude: 0.4,
        description: "Strategy modification should improve efficiency for target scenarios"
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Analyzes impact on a specific system area.
    """
    @spec analyze_area_impact(impact_area(), ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: map()
    defp analyze_area_impact(area, modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would analyze the specific impact
      # on each area based on the modification details and system state
      
      # For now, return placeholder impacts for each area
      case area do
        :performance ->
          %{
            impact: :positive,
            magnitude: 0.4,
            description: "Likely to improve processing speed"
          }
          
        :safety ->
          %{
            impact: :neutral,
            magnitude: 0.1,
            description: "No significant impact on safety guarantees"
          }
          
        :robustness ->
          %{
            impact: :positive,
            magnitude: 0.3,
            description: "Should improve handling of edge cases"
          }
          
        :explainability ->
          %{
            impact: :negative,
            magnitude: 0.2,
            description: "Slightly increases system complexity"
          }
          
        :resource_usage ->
          %{
            impact: :negative,
            magnitude: 0.3,
            description: "May increase memory usage by ~15%"
          }
          
        :interaction ->
          %{
            impact: :neutral,
            magnitude: 0.1,
            description: "No significant impact on interaction patterns"
          }
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Categorizes impacts as positive, negative, or uncertain.
    """
    @spec categorize_impacts(map()) :: %{positive: list(map()), negative: list(map()), uncertain: list(map())}
    defp categorize_impacts(impacts) do
      # Initialize result structure
      result = %{positive: [], negative: [], uncertain: []}
      
      # Categorize each impact
      Enum.reduce(Map.to_list(impacts), result, fn {area, impact}, acc ->
        categorized_impact = Map.put(impact, :area, area)
        
        case impact.impact do
          :positive ->
            %{acc | positive: [categorized_impact | acc.positive]}
            
          :negative ->
            %{acc | negative: [categorized_impact | acc.negative]}
            
          _ ->
            %{acc | uncertain: [categorized_impact | acc.uncertain]}
        end
      end)
    end

    @doc """
    Combines impacts from multiple modifications.
    """
    @spec combine_impacts(list(map())) :: %{positive: list(map()), negative: list(map()), uncertain: list(map())}
    defp combine_impacts(modification_impacts) do
      # Initialize combined impact structure
      combined = %{positive: [], negative: [], uncertain: []}
      
      # Merge impacts across all modifications
      Enum.reduce(modification_impacts, combined, fn impact, acc ->
        %{
          positive: acc.positive ++ impact.positive,
          negative: acc.negative ++ impact.negative,
          uncertain: acc.uncertain ++ impact.uncertain
        }
      end)
    end

    @doc """
    Analyzes potential side effects of proposed modifications.
    """
    @spec analyze_side_effects(ModificationProposal.proposal(), map(), map()) :: list(map())
    defp analyze_side_effects(proposal, system_state, combined_impact) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Analyze component interactions affected by modifications
      # - Identify potential cascading effects
      # - Model second-order consequences
      
      # For now, return placeholder side effects
      [
        %{
          description: "May affect integration with external systems",
          probability: 0.3,
          severity: 0.4,
          affected_components: [:external_interface],
          mitigation: "Monitor external system interactions after deployment"
        },
        %{
          description: "Could temporarily increase response latency during adaptation",
          probability: 0.7,
          severity: 0.2,
          affected_components: [:performance_monitor],
          mitigation: "Deploy during low-usage periods"
        }
      ]
    end

    @doc """
    Calculates overall system risk from predicted impacts.
    """
    @spec calculate_system_risk(map(), list(map())) :: float()
    defp calculate_system_risk(combined_impact, side_effects) do
      # Calculate risk from negative impacts
      negative_impact_risk = combined_impact.negative
      |> Enum.reduce(0.0, fn impact, acc ->
        acc + impact.magnitude
      end)
      |> then(fn total -> total / max(1, length(combined_impact.negative)) end)
      
      # Calculate risk from uncertain impacts
      uncertain_impact_risk = combined_impact.uncertain
      |> Enum.reduce(0.0, fn impact, acc ->
        acc + impact.magnitude * 0.5  # Weight uncertain impacts at 50%
      end)
      |> then(fn total -> total / max(1, length(combined_impact.uncertain)) end)
      
      # Calculate risk from side effects
      side_effect_risk = side_effects
      |> Enum.reduce(0.0, fn effect, acc ->
        acc + effect.probability * effect.severity
      end)
      |> then(fn total -> total / max(1, length(side_effects)) end)
      
      # Weight and combine risk factors
      negative_weight = 0.5
      uncertain_weight = 0.3
      side_effect_weight = 0.2
      
      (negative_impact_risk * negative_weight) +
      (uncertain_impact_risk * uncertain_weight) +
      (side_effect_risk * side_effect_weight)
    end

    @doc """
    Calculates confidence in the impact prediction.
    """
    @spec calculate_prediction_confidence(ModificationProposal.proposal(), map(), map(), keyword()) :: float()
    defp calculate_prediction_confidence(proposal, system_state, combined_impact, options) do
      # Factors affecting confidence:
      # - Similarity to previous modifications
      # - System state completeness
      # - Amount of uncertain impacts
      # - Modification complexity
      
      # Calculate uncertainty factor
      uncertainty_factor = length(combined_impact.uncertain) / 
                          max(1, length(combined_impact.positive) + 
                                 length(combined_impact.negative) + 
                                 length(combined_impact.uncertain))
      
      # Calculate complexity factor
      complexity_factor = Enum.reduce(proposal.modifications, 0.0, fn mod, acc ->
        case mod.scope do
          :structure -> acc + 0.3
          :behavior -> acc + 0.2
          :goal -> acc + 0.25
          :strategy -> acc + 0.15
          :parameter -> acc + 0.05
          _ -> acc + 0.2
        end
      end) / max(1, length(proposal.modifications))
      
      # Base confidence
      base_confidence = 0.8
      
      # Apply factors
      max(0.1, min(0.95, base_confidence - (uncertainty_factor * 0.3) - (complexity_factor * 0.4)))
    end

    @doc """
    Evaluates if a modification proposal meets safety criteria.
    """
    @spec evaluate_safety(ModificationProposal.proposal(), impact_prediction(), keyword()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, list(String.t())}
    def evaluate_safety(proposal, prediction, options \\ []) do
      # Safety threshold configuration
      risk_threshold = Keyword.get(options, :risk_threshold, 0.7)
      confidence_threshold = Keyword.get(options, :confidence_threshold, 0.6)
      
      # List to accumulate safety issues
      safety_issues = []
      
      # Check system risk
      safety_issues = if prediction.system_risk > risk_threshold do
        ["System risk exceeds threshold: #{prediction.system_risk}" | safety_issues]
      else
        safety_issues
      end
      
      # Check prediction confidence
      safety_issues = if prediction.confidence < confidence_threshold do
        ["Prediction confidence below threshold: #{prediction.confidence}" | safety_issues]
      else
        safety_issues
      end
      
      # Check for critical negative impacts
      critical_impacts = Enum.filter(prediction.negative_impacts, fn impact ->
        impact.magnitude > 0.7
      end)
      
      safety_issues = if !Enum.empty?(critical_impacts) do
        descriptions = Enum.map(critical_impacts, & &1.description)
        ["Critical negative impacts identified: #{Enum.join(descriptions, "; ")}" | safety_issues]
      else
        safety_issues
      end
      
      # Check for high-probability, high-severity side effects
      critical_side_effects = Enum.filter(prediction.side_effects, fn effect ->
        effect.probability > 0.7 && effect.severity > 0.7
      end)
      
      safety_issues = if !Enum.empty?(critical_side_effects) do
        descriptions = Enum.map(critical_side_effects, & &1.description)
        ["Critical side effects identified: #{Enum.join(descriptions, "; ")}" | safety_issues]
      else
        safety_issues
      end
      
      # Return safety evaluation result
      if Enum.empty?(safety_issues) do
        {:ok, %{
          safe: true,
          risk: prediction.system_risk,
          confidence: prediction.confidence
        }}
      else
        {:error, safety_issues}
      end
    end
  end

  defmodule SafeExecution do
    @moduledoc """
    Provides mechanisms for safely executing modifications with rollback capabilities.
    """

    @type execution_result :: %{
            success: boolean(),
            applied_modifications: list(map()),
            failed_modifications: list(map()),
            errors: list(String.t()),
            execution_time: integer(),
            rollback_status: :not_needed | :successful | :partial | :failed
          }

    @doc """
    Safely applies a modification proposal with rollback capability.
    """
    @spec apply_modifications(ModificationProposal.proposal(), map(), keyword()) :: execution_result()
    def apply_modifications(proposal, system_state, options \\ []) do
      # Record start time
      start_time = System.monotonic_time(:millisecond)
      
      # Create execution plan
      execution_plan = create_execution_plan(proposal.modifications)
      
      # Initialize execution state
      execution_state = %{
        applied: [],
        failed: [],
        errors: [],
        rollback_needed: false,
        rollback_status: :not_needed
      }
      
      # Execute modifications
      execution_state = execute_modifications(
        execution_plan,
        system_state,
        execution_state,
        options
      )
      
      # Record end time
      end_time = System.monotonic_time(:millisecond)
      
      # Return execution result
      %{
        success: Enum.empty?(execution_state.failed) && Enum.empty?(execution_state.errors),
        applied_modifications: execution_state.applied,
        failed_modifications: execution_state.failed,
        errors: execution_state.errors,
        execution_time: end_time - start_time,
        rollback_status: execution_state.rollback_status
      }
    end

    @doc """
    Creates an execution plan for applying modifications in the correct order.
    """
    @spec create_execution_plan(list(ModificationProposal.modification())) :: list(ModificationProposal.modification())
    defp create_execution_plan(modifications) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Analyze dependencies between modifications
      # - Order modifications to respect dependencies
      # - Group independent modifications that can be applied in parallel
      
      # For now, use a simple ordering based on scope
      scope_priorities = %{
        parameter: 1,
        strategy: 2,
        behavior: 3,
        goal: 4,
        structure: 5
      }
      
      Enum.sort_by(modifications, fn mod ->
        Map.get(scope_priorities, mod.scope, 10)
      end)
    end

    @doc """
    Executes modifications according to the execution plan.
    """
    @spec execute_modifications(
            list(ModificationProposal.modification()),
            map(),
            map(),
            keyword()
          ) :: map()
    defp execute_modifications([], _system_state, execution_state, _options) do
      # All modifications have been processed
      execution_state
    end
    
    defp execute_modifications([mod | remaining], system_state, execution_state, options) do
      # Check if we need to rollback due to previous failures
      if execution_state.rollback_needed do
        # Skip further modifications and initiate rollback
        rollback_result = rollback_modifications(execution_state.applied, system_state, options)
        
        # Update execution state with rollback status
        %{execution_state | rollback_status: rollback_result.status}
      else
        # Apply the modification
        case apply_modification(mod, system_state, options) do
          {:ok, applied_mod} ->
            # Modification succeeded
            updated_state = %{execution_state | applied: [applied_mod | execution_state.applied]}
            
            # Continue with remaining modifications
            execute_modifications(remaining, system_state, updated_state, options)
            
          {:error, error} ->
            # Modification failed
            updated_state = %{
              execution_state | 
              failed: [mod | execution_state.failed],
              errors: [error | execution_state.errors],
              rollback_needed: true
            }
            
            # Skip remaining modifications and initiate rollback
            rollback_result = rollback_modifications(updated_state.applied, system_state, options)
            
            # Update execution state with rollback status
            %{updated_state | rollback_status: rollback_result.status}
        end
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Applies a single modification to the system.
    """
    @spec apply_modification(ModificationProposal.modification(), map(), keyword()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, String.t()}
    defp apply_modification(modification, system_state, options) do
      # Apply modification based on scope
      try do
        case modification.scope do
          :parameter ->
            apply_parameter_modification(modification, system_state)
            
          :structure ->
            apply_structure_modification(modification, system_state)
            
          :behavior ->
            apply_behavior_modification(modification, system_state)
            
          :goal ->
            apply_goal_modification(modification, system_state)
            
          :strategy ->
            apply_strategy_modification(modification, system_state)
            
          _ ->
            {:error, "Unknown modification scope: #{modification.scope}"}
        end
      rescue
        e ->
          {:error, "Error applying modification: #{Exception.message(e)}"}
      end
    end

    @doc """
    Applies a parameter modification.
    """
    @spec apply_parameter_modification(ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, String.t()}
    defp apply_parameter_modification(modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Locate the parameter in the system
      # - Validate the new value
      # - Update the parameter
      # - Record the change for potential rollback
      
      # For now, simulate successful parameter modification
      {:ok, %{
        modification: modification,
        applied_at: DateTime.utc_now(),
        previous_value: %{}, # This would contain the old value for rollback
        status: :success
      }}
    end

    @doc """
    Applies a structure modification.
    """
    @spec apply_structure_modification(ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, String.t()}
    defp apply_structure_modification(modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Modify the system structure (add/remove/modify components)
      # - Update component connections
      # - Verify structural integrity
      
      # For now, simulate successful structure modification
      {:ok, %{
        modification: modification,
        applied_at: DateTime.utc_now(),
        previous_state: %{}, # This would contain the old state for rollback
        status: :success
      }}
    end

    @doc """
    Applies a behavior modification.
    """
    @spec apply_behavior_modification(ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, String.t()}
    defp apply_behavior_modification(modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Update behavior specifications
      # - Modify response patterns
      # - Update decision logic
      
      # For now, simulate successful behavior modification
      {:ok, %{
        modification: modification,
        applied_at: DateTime.utc_now(),
        previous_behavior: %{}, # This would contain the old behavior for rollback
        status: :success
      }}
    end

    @doc """
    Applies a goal modification.
    """
    @spec apply_goal_modification(ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, String.t()}
    defp apply_goal_modification(modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Update goal specifications
      # - Modify objective functions
      # - Update goal hierarchies
      
      # For now, simulate successful goal modification
      {:ok, %{
        modification: modification,
        applied_at: DateTime.utc_now(),
        previous_goal: %{}, # This would contain the old goal for rollback
        status: :success
      }}
    end

    @doc """
    Applies a strategy modification.
    """
    @spec apply_strategy_modification(ModificationProposal.modification(), map()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, String.t()}
    defp apply_strategy_modification(modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Update strategy implementations
      # - Modify decision strategies
      # - Update planning approaches
      
      # For now, simulate successful strategy modification
      {:ok, %{
        modification: modification,
        applied_at: DateTime.utc_now(),
        previous_strategy: %{}, # This would contain the old strategy for rollback
        status: :success
      }}
    end

    @doc """
    Rolls back applied modifications in reverse order.
    """
    @spec rollback_modifications(list(map()), map(), keyword()) :: map()
    defp rollback_modifications(applied_modifications, system_state, options) do
      # Initialize rollback state
      rollback_state = %{
        successful: [],
        failed: [],
        errors: [],
        status: :successful
      }
      
      # Rollback in reverse order (last applied first)
      rollback_state = applied_modifications
      |> Enum.reverse()
      |> Enum.reduce(rollback_state, fn applied_mod, state ->
        case rollback_modification(applied_mod, system_state) do
          {:ok, _} ->
            %{state | successful: [applied_mod | state.successful]}
            
          {:error, error} ->
            %{
              state | 
              failed: [applied_mod | state.failed],
              errors: [error | state.errors],
              status: :partial
            }
        end
      end)
      
      # Determine final rollback status
      status = cond do
        Enum.empty?(rollback_state.successful) && !Enum.empty?(rollback_state.failed) ->
          :failed
          
        !Enum.empty?(rollback_state.failed) ->
          :partial
          
        true ->
          :successful
      end
      
      %{rollback_state | status: status}
    end

    @doc """
    Rolls back a single modification.
    """
    @spec rollback_modification(map(), map()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, String.t()}
    defp rollback_modification(applied_modification, system_state) do
      # In a real implementation, this would restore the previous state
      # based on the type of modification and the saved previous state
      
      # For now, simulate successful rollback
      {:ok, %{
        modification: applied_modification.modification,
        rolled_back_at: DateTime.utc_now(),
        status: :success
      }}
    end

    @doc """
    Verifies the system state after modifications.
    """
    @spec verify_system_state(map(), keyword()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, list(String.t())}
    def verify_system_state(system_state, options \\ []) do
      # In a real implementation, this would:
      # - Check system consistency
      # - Verify invariants are maintained
      # - Check for anomalies
      # - Run verification tests
      
      # For now, simulate successful verification
      {:ok, %{
        verified: true,
        checks_passed: ["consistency", "invariants", "performance"],
        check_time: System.monotonic_time(:millisecond)
      }}
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Creates a new modification proposal.
  """
  @spec create_proposal(list(map()), list(map()), atom(), keyword()) :: map()
  def create_proposal(modifications, expected_benefits, source, options \\ []) do
    ModificationProposal.create_proposal(modifications, expected_benefits, source, options)
  end

  @doc """
  Validates a modification proposal for completeness and consistency.
  """
  @spec validate_proposal(map()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, list(String.t())}
  def validate_proposal(proposal) do
    ModificationProposal.validate_proposal(proposal)
  end

  @doc """
  Creates an approval chain for a proposal based on its risk level.
  """
  @spec create_approval_chain(map()) :: map()
  def create_approval_chain(proposal) do
    ApprovalSystem.create_approval_chain(proposal)
  end

  @doc """
  Records an approval decision for the current approval level.
  """
  @spec record_approval(map(), atom(), atom() | String.t(), keyword()) :: map()
  def record_approval(chain, status, approver, options \\ []) do
    ApprovalSystem.record_approval(chain, status, approver, options)
  end

  @doc """
  Summarizes the current state of the approval chain.
  """
  @spec summarize_approval_status(map()) :: map()
  def summarize_approval_status(chain) do
    ApprovalSystem.summarize_approval_status(chain)
  end

  @doc """
  Predicts the impact of a modification proposal on the system.
  """
  @spec predict_impact(map(), map(), keyword()) :: map()
  def predict_impact(proposal, system_state, options \\ []) do
    ImpactPrediction.predict_impact(proposal, system_state, options)
  end

  @doc """
  Evaluates if a modification proposal meets safety criteria.
  """
  @spec evaluate_safety(map(), map(), keyword()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, list(String.t())}
  def evaluate_safety(proposal, prediction, options \\ []) do
    ImpactPrediction.evaluate_safety(proposal, prediction, options)
  end

  @doc """
  Safely applies a modification proposal with rollback capability.
  """
  @spec apply_modifications(map(), map(), keyword()) :: map()
  def apply_modifications(proposal, system_state, options \\ []) do
    SafeExecution.apply_modifications(proposal, system_state, options)
  end

  @doc """
  Verifies the system state after modifications.
  """
  @spec verify_system_state(map(), keyword()) :: {:ok, map()} | {:error, list(String.t())}
  def verify_system_state(system_state, options \\ []) do
    SafeExecution.verify_system_state(system_state, options)
  end

  @doc """
  Provides a unified interface to the self-modification system.
  """
  @spec propose_modification(list(map()), list(map()), atom(), map(), keyword()) :: map()
  def propose_modification(modifications, expected_benefits, source, system_state, options \\ []) do
    # Create the proposal
    proposal = create_proposal(modifications, expected_benefits, source, options)
    
    # Validate the proposal
    case validate_proposal(proposal) do
      {:ok, validated_proposal} ->
        # Predict impact
        impact_prediction = predict_impact(validated_proposal, system_state, options)
        
        # Evaluate safety
        safety_result = evaluate_safety(validated_proposal, impact_prediction, options)
        
        # Create approval chain
        approval_chain = create_approval_chain(validated_proposal)
        
        # Return complete proposal package
        %{
          proposal: validated_proposal,
          impact_prediction: impact_prediction,
          safety_result: safety_result,
          approval_chain: approval_chain,
          status: :pending_approval
        }
        
      {:error, validation_errors} ->
        # Return failed proposal with errors
        %{
          proposal: proposal,
          errors: validation_errors,
          status: :validation_failed
        }
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Processes an approved modification proposal.
  """
  @spec process_approved_modification(map(), map(), keyword()) :: map()
  def process_approved_modification(proposal_package, system_state, options \\ []) do
    # Check if proposal is approved
    approval_chain = proposal_package.approval_chain
    
    if ApprovalSystem.is_complete?(approval_chain) && approval_chain.final_status == :approved do
      # Apply the modifications
      execution_result = apply_modifications(
        proposal_package.proposal,
        system_state,
        options
      )
      
      # Verify system state after modifications
      verification_result = if execution_result.success do
        verify_system_state(system_state, options)
      else
        {:error, ["Modification application failed"]}
      end
      
      # Return execution results
      %{
        proposal: proposal_package.proposal,
        execution_result: execution_result,
        verification_result: verification_result,
        status: if(execution_result.success, do: :applied, else: :failed)
      }
    else
      # Proposal not approved
      %{
        proposal: proposal_package.proposal,
        error: "Proposal not approved",
        status: :not_approved
      }
    end
  end
end