local utils = require('Utils')
local _MS -- kind of a cache so we don't have to extract ms every time
local gTimes
local ruleWords = {}

local isEmpty = function(v)
	return (v == nil or v == '')
end

local function getTimezone()
	local diff = os.difftime(os.time(), os.time(os.date("!*t")))
	return ( os.date('!*t').isdst and ( diff + 3600 ) ) or diff
end

local function getSMs(s)
	local ms = 0
	local parts = utils.stringSplit(s, '.') -- do string split instead of math stuff.
	s = tonumber(parts[1])
	if (parts[2] ~= nil) then
		-- should always be three digits!!
		ms = tonumber(parts[2])
	end

	return s, ms
end

local function parseDate(sDate)
	return string.match(sDate, "(%d+)%-(%d+)%-(%d+)[%sT]+(%d+):(%d+):([0-9%.]+)")
end

local function _getMS()

	if (_MS == nil) then

		local dzCurrentTime = globalvariables.currentTime
		local y, mon, d, h, min, s = parseDate(dzCurrentTime)
		local ms
		s, ms = getSMs(s)
		_MS = ms
	end

	return _MS
end

local getDiffParts = function(secDiff, ms, offsetMS)

	-- ms is the ms part that should be added to secDiff to get 'sss.ms'
	if (ms == nil) then
		ms = 0
	end

	if (offsetMS == nil) then
		offsetMS = 0
	end

	local secs = secDiff
	local msDiff

	msDiff = (secs * 1000) - ms + offsetMS
	if (math.abs(msDiff) < 1000) then
		secs = 0
	end

	local minDiff = math.floor(math.abs((secs / 60)))
	local hourDiff = math.floor(math.abs((secs / 3600)))
	local dayDiff = math.floor(math.abs((secs / 86400)))

	local cmp
	if (msDiff == 0) then
		cmp = 0
	elseif (msDiff > 0) then
		cmp = -1
	else
		cmp = 1
	end

	return
		math.abs(msDiff),
		math.abs(secs),
		minDiff,
		hourDiff,
		dayDiff,
		cmp
end

-- week functions as taken from http://lua-users.org/wiki/WeekNumberInYear
-- Get day of a week at year beginning
--(tm can be any date and will be forced to 1st of january same year)
-- return 1=mon 7=sun
local function getYearBeginDayOfWeek(tm)
	local yearBegin = os.time{year=os.date("*t",tm).year,month=1,day=1}
	local yearBeginDayOfWeek = tonumber(os.date("%w",yearBegin))
	-- sunday correct from 0 -> 7
	if(yearBeginDayOfWeek == 0) then
		yearBeginDayOfWeek = 7
	end
	return yearBeginDayOfWeek
end

-- tm: date (as returned from os.time)
-- returns basic correction to be add for counting number of week
-- weekNum = math.floor((dayOfYear + returnedNumber) / 7) + 1
-- (does not consider correction at begin and end of year)
local function getDayAdd(tm)
	local yearBeginDayOfWeek = getYearBeginDayOfWeek(tm)
	local dayAdd
	if(yearBeginDayOfWeek < 5 ) then
		-- first day is week 1
		dayAdd = (yearBeginDayOfWeek - 2)
	else
		-- first day is week 52 or 53
		dayAdd = (yearBeginDayOfWeek - 9)
	end
	return dayAdd
end

-- tm is date as returned from os.time()
-- return week number in year based on ISO8601
-- (week with 1st thursday since Jan 1st (including) is considered as Week 1)
-- (if Jan 1st is Fri,Sat,Sun then it is part of week number from last year -> 52 or 53)
local function getWeekNumberOfYear(tm)
	local dayOfYear = os.date("%j",tm)
	local dayAdd = getDayAdd(tm)
	local dayOfYearCorrected = dayOfYear + dayAdd
	if(dayOfYearCorrected < 0) then
		-- week of last year - decide if 52 or 53
		local lastYearBegin = os.time{year=os.date("*t",tm).year-1,month=1,day=1}
		local lastYearEnd = os.time{year=os.date("*t",tm).year-1,month=12,day=31}
		dayAdd = getDayAdd(lastYearBegin)
		dayOfYear = dayOfYear + os.date("%j",lastYearEnd)
		dayOfYearCorrected = dayOfYear + dayAdd
	end
	local weekNum = math.floor((dayOfYearCorrected) / 7) + 1
	if( (dayOfYearCorrected > 0) and weekNum == 53) then -- check if it is not considered as part of week 1 of next year
		local nextYearBegin = os.time{year=os.date("*t",tm).year+1,month=1,day=1}
		local yearBeginDayOfWeek = getYearBeginDayOfWeek(nextYearBegin)
		if(yearBeginDayOfWeek < 5 ) then
			weekNum = 1
		end
	end
	return weekNum
end

local function Time(sDate, isUTC, _testMS)

	local LOOKUPDAYABBROFWEEK = { 'sun', 'mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat' }
	local LOOKUPDAYNAME = { 'Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday' }
	local LOOKUPMONTHABBR = { 'jan', 'feb', 'mar', 'apr', 'may', 'jun', 'jul', 'aug', 'sep', 'oct', 'nov', 'dec' }
	local LOOKUPMONTH = { 'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December' }

	local ms
	local now
	local time = {}
	local localTime = {} -- nonUTC
	local self

	local getMS = function()

		if (_testMS ~= nil) then
			return _testMS
		else
			return _getMS()
		end

	end

	if isUTC and isUTC == true then
		now = os.date('!*t')
	else
		now = os.date('*t')
		isUTC = false
	end

	local function makesDate()
		local now
		if (isUTC) then
			now = os.date('!*t')
		else
			now = os.date('*t')
		end
		local ms = _testMS == nil and getMS() or _testMS
		return ( now.year .. '-' .. now.month ..'-' .. now.day .. ' ' .. now.hour .. ':' .. now.min .. ':' .. now.sec .. '.' .. tostring(ms) )
	end

	if sDate == nil or sDate == '' then
		sDate = makesDate()
	end

	local y, mon, d, h, min, s = parseDate(sDate)
	if not(y and mon and d and h and min and s) then
		sDate = makesDate()
		y, mon, d, h, min, s = parseDate(sDate)
		utils.log('sDate was invalid. Reset to ' .. sDate , utils.LOG_ERROR)
	end

	-- extract s and ms
	s, ms = getSMs(s)

	local dDate = os.time{year=y,month=mon,day=d,hour=h,min=min,sec=s }

	time = os.date('*t', dDate)

	local tToday = os.time{
		day= now.day,
		year= now.year,
		month= now.month,
		hour= now.hour,
		min= now.min,
		sec= now.sec
	}

	-- calculate how many minutes that was from now
	local msDiff, secDiff, minDiff, hourDiff, dayDiff, cmp = getDiffParts(os.difftime(tToday, dDate), ms, getMS())

	if (cmp > 0) then -- time is in the future so the xxAgo items should be negative
		msDiff = -msDiff
		secDiff = -secDiff
		minDiff = -minDiff
		hourDiff = -hourDiff
		dayDiff = -dayDiff
	end

	if (isUTC) then
		localTime = os.date('*t', os.time(time) + getTimezone())
		self = localTime
		self.utcSystemTime = now
		self.utcTime = time
		self.utcTime.minutes = time.min
		self.utcTime.seconds = time.sec
	else
		self = time
	end

	function self.containsWholeWord(input, word)
		return string.find(input, "%f[%a]" .. word .. "%f[%A]")
	end

	self.rawDate = self.year .. '-' .. string.format("%02d", self.month) .. '-' .. string.format("%02d", self.day)
	self.time = string.format("%02d", self.hour) .. ':' .. string.format("%02d", self.min)
	self.minutesnow = self.hour * 60 + self.min
	self.rawTime = self.time .. ':' .. string.format("%02d", self.sec)
	self.rawDateTime = self.rawDate .. ' ' .. self.rawTime
	self.milliSeconds = ms
	self.milliseconds = ms
	self.dayAbbrOfWeek = LOOKUPDAYABBROFWEEK[self.wday]
	self.dayName = LOOKUPDAYNAME[self.wday]
	self.monthAbbrName = LOOKUPMONTHABBR[self.month]
	self.monthName = LOOKUPMONTH[self.month]

	-- Note: %V doesn't work on Windows so we have to use a custom function here
	-- doesn't work: self.week = tonumber(os.date('%V', dDate))
	self.week = getWeekNumberOfYear(dDate)

	self.raw = sDate
	self.isToday = (now.year == time.year and now.month == time.month and now.day == time.day)
	self.msAgo = math.floor(msDiff)
	self.millisecondsAgo = self.msAgo
	self.minutesAgo = minDiff
	self.secondsAgo = math.floor(secDiff)
	self.hoursAgo = hourDiff
	self.daysAgo = dayDiff

	self.minutes = self.min
	self.seconds = self.sec

	self.minutesSinceMidnight = self.hour * 60 + self.min
	self.secondsSinceMidnight = self.minutesSinceMidnight * 60 + self.sec
	self.utils = utils
	self.isUTC = isUTC
	self.dDate = dDate
	self.isdst = time.isdst

	if (_G.TESTMODE) then
--		_G = _G or {} -- Only used when testing testTime.lua
		timeofday = timeofday or {} -- Only used when testing testTime.lua
		function self._getUtilsInstance()
			return utils
		end
	end

	self.current = os.date('*t')

	-- compares to self against the provided Time object (t)
	function self.compare(t)
		if (t.raw ~= nil) then

			local msDiff, secDiff, minDiff, hourDiff, dayDiff, cmp =
				getDiffParts(os.difftime(dDate, t.dDate), t.milliseconds, ms) -- offset is 'our' ms value

			return {
				mins = minDiff,
				hours = hourDiff,
				secs = math.floor(secDiff),
				seconds = math.floor(secDiff),
				minutes = minDiff,
				days = dayDiff,
				ms = math.floor(msDiff),
				milliseconds = math.floor(msDiff),
				compare = cmp -- 0 == equal, -1==(t earlier than self), 1=(t later than self)
			}
		else
			utils.log('Invalid time format passed to diff. Should a Time object', utils.LOG_ERROR)
		end
	end

	function self.localeMonths()
		local months =
		{
			january = 1, february = 2, march = 3, april = 4, may = 5, june = 6, july = 7, august = 8,
			september = 9, october = 10, november = 11, december = 12, jan = 1, feb = 2, mar = 3, apr = 4,
			jun = 6, jul = 7, aug = 8, sep = 9, oct = 10, nov = 11, dec = 12
		}

		local monthSeconds = 2678400 -- accurate enough for this purpose
		local startSeconds = 1577833200 -- 2020-1-1 00:00
		for monthNumber = 1, 12 do
			months[os.date('%B', startSeconds + ( monthNumber - 1 ) * monthSeconds ):sub(1,3):lower()] = monthNumber
			months[os.date('%b', startSeconds + ( monthNumber - 1 ) * monthSeconds ):lower()] = monthNumber
		end
		return months
	end

	function self.dateToTimestamp(dateString, control)
		local tm, dateTable, format = {}, {}, {}
		local pattern
		if control and control:find('%%') then
			pattern = control
		elseif control ~= nil then -- control = format
			local index = 1
			for word in control:gmatch("%w+") do table.insert(format, word) end
			for value in dateString:gmatch("%w+") do
				dateTable[format[index]] = value
				index = index + 1
			end
			tm.year = dateTable.yyyy or ( dateTable.yy and ( dateTable.yy + 2000 )) or os.date('%Y')
			tm.month = dateTable.mm or
					( dateTable.mmm and self.localeMonths()[dateTable.mmm:lower()]) or
					( dateTable.mmmm and self.localeMonths()[dateTable.mmmm:lower()]) or 1
			tm.day = dateTable.dd or 1
			tm.hour = dateTable.hh or 0
			tm.min = dateTable.MM or 0
			tm.sec = dateTable.ss or 0
			return os.time(tm)
		end

		pattern = pattern or '(%d+)%D+(%d+)%D+(%d+)%D+(%d+)%D+(%d+)' -- yyyy-mm--dd hh:mm
		tm.year, tm.month, tm.day, tm.hour, tm.min, tm.sec = dateString:match(pattern)
		return os.time(tm)
	end

	function self.timestampToDate(timestamp, humanizedPattern, offSet)

		local function convertMnemomic2FmtCode(humanizedPattern)
			local humanizedPattern = humanizedPattern or 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:MM:ss'
			mnemomics =
			{
				{'dddd' , '%A'}, -- full weekdayname(e.g. Wednesday) language depends on locale
				{'ddd'  , '%a'}, -- abbreviated weekdayname(e.g. Wed) language depends on locale
				{'dd'   , '%d'}, -- day of the month(16){[01-31]
				{'mmmm' , '%B'}, -- full monthname(e.g September) language depends on locale
				{'mmm'  , '%b'}, -- abbreviated monthname(e.g. Sep) language depends on locale
				{'mm'   , '%m'}, -- month[01-12]
				{'yyyy' , '%Y'}, -- 4-digit year
				{'yy'   , '%y'}, -- two-digityear(98){[00-99]
				{'hh'   , '%H'}, -- hour 24-hour clock){[00-23]
				{'ii'   , '%I'}, -- hour 12-hour clock[01-12]
				{'MM'   , '%M'}, -- minute{[00-59]
				{'ss'   , '%S'}, -- second [00-60]
				{'W'	, '%W'}, -- weeknumber [01-53]
				{'w'	, '%w'}, -- weekday{[0-6] Sunday-Saturday
				{'datm' , '%c'}, -- date and time (e.g. 09/16/98 23:48:10) format depends on locale
				{'mer'  , '%p'}, -- either "am" or "pm" locale
				{'date' , '%x'}, -- date(e.g. 09/16/98) format depends on locale
				{'time' , '%X'}, -- time(e.g. 23:48:10)
			}
			for _, conversion in ipairs(mnemomics) do
				humanizedPattern = string.gsub(humanizedPattern, conversion[1], '%' .. conversion[2])
			end
			return humanizedPattern
		end

		local timestamp = ( timestamp or os.time() ) + ( offSet or 0 )
		local dateTimeString = os.date( convertMnemomic2FmtCode(humanizedPattern) , timestamp )
		if dateTimeString:find('nZero') then -- remove leading zero's
			return dateTimeString:gsub('nZero',''):gsub(' 0',' '):gsub('^0',''):gsub('%s*$','')
		end
		return dateTimeString:gsub('%s*$','')
	end

	function self.dateToDate(date, sourceFormat, targetFormat, offSet )
		return self.timestampToDate(self.dateToTimestamp(date,sourceFormat), targetFormat, offSet)
	end

	function self.addSeconds(seconds, factor)
		if type(seconds) ~= 'number' then
			self.utils.log(tostring(seconds) .. ' is not a valid parameter to this function. Please change to use a number value!', utils.LOG_ERROR)
		else
			factor = factor or 1
			return Time( os.date("%Y-%m-%d %X", self.dDate + factor * math.floor(seconds) ))
		end
	end

	function self.addDays(days)
		return self.addSeconds(days, 24 * 3600)
	end

	function self.addHours(hours)
		return self.addSeconds(hours, 3600)
	end

	function self.addMinutes(minutes)
		return self.addSeconds(minutes, 60)
	end

	function self.makeTime(oDate, isUTC)
		local sDate = ( type(oDate) == 'table' and os.date("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", os.time(oDate)) ) or
						( tonumber(oDate) and self.timestampToDate(oDate) ) or oDate
		return Time(sDate, isUTC)
	end

	function self.toUTC(oDate, offset)
		local sDate = ( type(oDate) == 'table' and os.date("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", os.time(oDate)) ) or oDate
		local offset = offset or 0
		return Time(sDate).addSeconds(-1 * getTimezone() + offset).raw
	end

	-- return ISO format
	function self.getISO()
		return os.date("!%Y-%m-%dT%TZ", os.time(time))
	end

	-- returns hours part and minutes part of the passed-in minutes amount
	function minutesToTime(minutes)
		local hh = math.floor(minutes / 60)
		local mm = minutes - (hh * 60)
		return hh, mm
	end

	-- returns true if the current time is within a time range: startH:startM and stopH:stopM
	local function timeIsInRange(startH, startM, stopH, stopM)

		local function getMinutes(hours, minutes)
			return (hours * 60) + minutes
		end

		local currentMinutes = getMinutes(self.hour, self.min)
		local startMinutes = getMinutes(startH, startM)
		local stopMinutes = getMinutes(stopH, stopM)

		if stopMinutes < startMinutes then -- add 24 hours (1440 minutes ) if endTime < startTime
			if currentMinutes < stopMinutes then currentMinutes = currentMinutes + 1440 end
			stopMinutes = stopMinutes + 1440
		end

		return ( currentMinutes >= startMinutes and currentMinutes <= stopMinutes )
	end

	-- returns true if self.day is on the rule: on day1,day2...
	function self.ruleIsOnDay(rule)

		if utils.containsWord(rule, self.dayAbbrOfWeek) or utils.containsWord(rule, self.dayName:lower() ) then  -- current day
			return true -- current day found
		else
			for _, day in ipairs(LOOKUPDAYABBROFWEEK) do
				if rule:find(day) then return false end
			end
		end

	end

	-- returns true if self.week matches rule in week 1,3,4 / every odd-week, every even-week, in week 5-12,23,44
	function self.ruleIsInWeek(rule)

		if (string.find(rule, 'every odd week') and not ((self.week % 2) == 0)) then
			return true
		elseif (string.find(rule, 'every even week') and ((self.week % 2) == 0)) then
			return true
		elseif string.find(rule, 'every even week') or string.find(rule, 'every odd week') then
			return false
		end

		local weeks = string.match(rule, 'in week% ([0-9%-%,% ]*)')

		if (weeks == nil) then
			return nil
		end

		-- from here on, if there is a match we return true otherwise false
		-- remove spaces and add a comma
		weeks = string.gsub(weeks, ' ', '') .. ',' -- remove spaces and add a ',' so we can do simple search for the number

		-- do a quick scan first to see if we already have a match without needing to search for ranges
		if (string.find(weeks, tostring(self.week) .. ',')) then
			return true
		end

		-- now get the ranges
		for set, from, to in string.gmatch(weeks, '(([0-9]*)-([0-9]*))') do
			to = tonumber(to)
			from = tonumber(from)
			if (isEmpty(from) and not isEmpty(to) and self.week <= to ) then
				return true
			end
			if (not isEmpty(from) and isEmpty(to) and self.week >= from ) then
				return true
			end
			if (not isEmpty(from) and not isEmpty(to) and to ~= nil) then
				if (self.week >= from and self.week <= to) then
					return true
				end
			end
		end

		return false
	end

	function self.ruleIsOnDate(rule)
		local dates = string.match(rule, 'on% ([0-9%*%/%,% %-]*)')
		if (isEmpty(dates)) then
			return nil
		end

		local dateTable = utils.stringSplit(dates,',') -- get all date(ranges)

		-- remove spaces and add a comma
		dates = string.gsub(dates, ' ', '') .. ',' --remove spaces and add a , so we can do simple search for the number

		-- do a quick scan first to see if we already have a match without needing to search for ranges and wildcards
		for index, value in ipairs(dateTable) do
			if tonumber(value:match('%d+')) == self.day and tonumber(value:match('/(%d+)')) == self.month then
				return true
			end
		end

		-- wildcards
		for set, day, month in string.gmatch(dates, '(([0-9%*]*)/([0-9%*]*))') do
			if (day == '*' and month ~= '*') then
				if (self.month == tonumber(month)) then
					return true
				end
			end
			if (day ~= '*' and month == '*') then
				if (self.day == tonumber(day)) then
					return true
				end
			end
		end

		local getParts = function(set)
			local day, month = string.match(set, '([0-9%*]+)/([0-9%*]+)')
			return day and tonumber( day ), month and tonumber( month )
		end

		--now get the ranges
		for fromSet, toSet in string.gmatch(dates, '([0-9%/%*]*)-([0-9%/%*]*)') do
			local fromDay, toDay, fromMonth, toMonth

			if (isEmpty(fromSet) and not isEmpty(toSet)) then
				toDay, toMonth = getParts(toSet)
				if ((self.month < toMonth) or (self.month == toMonth and self.day <= toDay)) then
					return true
				end
			elseif (not isEmpty(fromSet) and isEmpty(toSet)) then
				fromDay, fromMonth = getParts(fromSet)
				if ((self.month > fromMonth) or (self.month == fromMonth and self.day >= fromDay)) then
					return true
				end
			else

				toDay, toMonth = getParts(toSet)
				fromDay, fromMonth = getParts(fromSet)
				if
				(
					( self.month > fromMonth and self.month < toMonth ) or
					( fromMonth == toMonth and self.month == fromMonth and self.day >= fromDay and self.day <= toDay ) or
					( self.month == fromMonth and toMonth < fromMonth and self.day >= fromDay ) or
					( self.month == fromMonth and toMonth > fromMonth and self.day >= fromDay ) or
					( self.month == toMonth and toMonth < fromMonth and self.day <= toDay ) or
					( self.month == toMonth and toMonth > fromMonth and self.day <= toDay )
				) then
					return true
				end
			end
		end

		return false
	end

	function self.ruleIsBeforeAstrologicalMoment(rule)
		local minutes = tonumber(string.match(rule, '%.*(%d+)%s+minutes%s+before%.*'))
		local astronomicalString = rule:match('minutes%s+before%s+(%a+)') or ''
		local moment = tonumber(gTimes[astronomicalString .. 'inminutes']) or ''

		if minutes ~= nil and moment ~= '' then
			return ( self.minutesnow + minutes ) % 1440 == moment
		end
		return nil
	end

	function self.ruleIsAfterAstrologicalMoment(rule)
		local minutes = tonumber(string.match(rule, '%.*(%d+)%s+minutes%s+after%.*'))
		local astronomicalString = rule:match('minutes%s+after%s+(%a+)') or ''
		local moment = tonumber(gTimes[astronomicalString .. 'inminutes']) or ''

		if minutes ~= nil and moment ~= '' then
			return ( self.minutesnow - minutes ) % 1440 == moment
		end
		return nil
	end

	-- returns true if self.time is at a astronomical moment
	-- sunset, sunrise, CivilTwilightEnd, NautTwilightStart, etc
	function self.ruleIsAtAstronomicalMoment(rule)

		local astronomicalString = rule:match('at%s+(%a+)') or ''
		local moment = tonumber(gTimes[astronomicalString .. 'inminutes']) or -1

		return moment == self.minutesnow or nil
	end

	-- returns true if self.time is at a astronomical range
	-- daytime, nightime, etc
	function self.ruleIsAtAstronomicalRange(rule)

		local astronomicalString = rule:match('at%s+(%a+)') or ''
		if type(gTimes[astronomicalString]) == 'boolean' then
			return gTimes[astronomicalString]
		end
	end

	-- returns true if self.min fits in the every xx minute /every other minute/every minute rule
	function self.ruleMatchesMinuteSpecification(rule)

		local function fitsMinuteRule(m)
			return (self.min / m == math.floor(self.min / m))
		end

		if (string.find(rule, 'every minute')) then
			return true
		end

		if (string.find(rule, 'every other minute')) then
			return fitsMinuteRule(2)
		end

		local minutes = tonumber(string.match(rule, 'every (%d+) minutes'))
		if (minutes ~= nil) then
			if ((60 / minutes) ~= math.floor(60 / minutes) or minutes >= 60) then
				self.utils.log(rule .. ' is not a valid timer definition. Can only run every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20 and 30 minutes.', utils.LOG_ERROR)
				return false
			end

			return fitsMinuteRule(minutes)
		end

		return nil -- nothing specified for this rule
	end

	-- return true if self.hour fits the every hour/every other hour/every xx hours rule
	function self.ruleMatchesHourSpecification(rule)

		local function fitsHourRule(h)
			-- always fit every whole hour (hence the self.min == 0)
			return (self.hour / h == math.floor(self.hour / h) and self.min == 0)
		end

		if (string.find(rule, 'every hour')) then
			return fitsHourRule(1)
		end

		if (string.find(rule, 'every other hour')) then
			return fitsHourRule(2)
		end

		local hours = tonumber(string.match(rule, 'every% (%d+)% hours'))
		if (hours ~= nil) then
			if ((24 / hours) ~= math.floor(24 / hours) or hours >= 24) then
				self.utils.log(rule .. ' is not a valid timer definition. Can only run every 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours.', utils.LOG_ERROR)
				return false
			end

			return fitsHourRule(hours)
		end

		return nil -- nothing specified for this rule
	end

	-- return true if self.time is at hh:mm / *:mm/ hh:*
	function self.ruleMatchesTime(rule)

		local hh, mm
		local timePattern = 'at% ([0-9%*]+):([0-9%*]+)'

		hh, mm = string.match(rule, timePattern .. '% ')
		if (hh == nil or mm == nil) then
			-- check for end-of string
			hh, mm = string.match(rule, timePattern .. '$')
		end
		if (hh ~= nil) then
			if (mm == '*') then
				return (self.hour == tonumber(hh))
			elseif (hh == '*') then
				return (self.min == tonumber(mm))
			--elseif (hh ~= '*' and hh ~= '*') then
			else
				hh = tonumber(hh)
				mm = tonumber(mm)
				if (hh ~= nil and mm ~= nil) then
					return (mm == self.min and hh == self.hour)
				else
					-- invalid
					return false
				end

			end
		end
		return nil -- no at hh:mm found in rule
	end

	-- returns true if self.time is in time range: at hh:mm-hh:mm
	function self.ruleMatchesTimeRange(rule)
		local fromH, fromM, toH, toM = string.match(rule, 'at% ([0-9%*]+):([0-9%*]+)-([0-9%*]+):([0-9%*]+)')

		if (fromH ~= nil) then
			-- all will be nil if fromH is nil
			fromH = tonumber(fromH)
			fromM = tonumber(fromM)
			toH = tonumber(toH)
			toM = tonumber(toM)

			if (fromH == nil or fromM == nil or toH == nil or toM == nil) then -- invalid format
				return false
			else
				return timeIsInRange(fromH, fromM, toH, toM)
			end
		end

		return nil

	end

	-- returns true if 'moment' matches with any of the moment-like time rules
	function getMoment(moment)
		local minutes, astrologicalMoment

		-- first check if it in the form of hh:mm
		hh, mm = string.match(moment, '([0-9]+):([0-9]+)')

		if (hh ~= nil and mm ~= nil) then
			return tonumber(hh), tonumber(mm)
		end

		-- check if it is before astroMoment
		minutes, astrologicalMoment = string.match(moment, '%.*(%d+)%s+minutes%s+before%s+(%a+)')
		if minutes and astrologicalMoment then
			return minutesToTime(gTimes[astrologicalMoment .. 'inminutes'] - tonumber(minutes))
		end

		-- check if it is after astroMoment
		minutes, astrologicalMoment = string.match(moment, '%.*(%d+)%s+minutes%s+after%s+(%a+)')
		if minutes and astrologicalMoment then
			return minutesToTime(gTimes[astrologicalMoment .. 'inminutes'] + tonumber(minutes))
		end

		-- check at astroMoment
		if (gTimes[moment .. 'inminutes']) then
			return minutesToTime(gTimes[moment .. 'inminutes'])
		end

		return nil
	end

	-- returns true if self.time is in a between xx and yy range
	function self.ruleMatchesBetweenRange(rule)
		local from, to = string.match(rule, 'between% (.+)% and% (.+)')
		if (from == nil or to == nil) then
			return nil
		end

		local fromHH, fromMM, toHH, toMM
		fromHH, fromMM = getMoment(from)
		toHH, toMM = getMoment(to)
		if (fromHH == nil or fromMM == nil or toHH == nil or toMM == nil) then
			return nil
		end

		return timeIsInRange(fromHH, fromMM, toHH, toMM)
	end

	-- remove seconds from timeStrings 'at 12:23:56-23:45:00 ==>> 'at 12:23-23:45'
	-- to allow use of rawTime in matchesRule
	local function sanitize(rule)
		if not rule:match("(%w+%:%w+:%w+)") then return rule end
		for strippedTime in rule:gmatch("(%w+%:%w+)") do
			if strippedTime:match("(%w+%:%w+:%w+)") then rule = rule:gsub(rule:match("(%w+%:%w+:%w+)"),rule:match(strippedTime)) end
		end
		return rule
	end

	local function populateAstrotimes()

		local LOOKUPASTRO =
		{
			CivTwilightEndInMinutes = 'civiltwilightendinminutes',
			AstrTwilightStartInMinutes = 'astronomicaltwilightstartinminutes',
			AstrTwilightEndInMinutes = 'astronomicaltwilightendinminutes',
			SunAtSouthInMinutes = 'solarnooninminutes',
			NautTwilightEndInMinutes = 'nauticaltwilightendinminutes',
			NautTwilightStartInMinutes = 'nauticaltwilightstartinminutes',
			CivTwilightStartInMinutes = 'civiltwilightstartinminutes',
			Daytime = 'daytime',
			SunsetInMinutes = 'sunsetinminutes',
			Civildaytime = 'civildaytime',
			Civilnighttime = 'civilnighttime',
			SunriseInMinutes = 'sunriseinminutes',
			Nighttime = 'nighttime',
		}

		gTimes = {}
		for originalName, dzVentsName in pairs(LOOKUPASTRO) do
			gTimes[dzVentsName] = timeofday[originalName]
		end

		gTimes.sunatsouthinminutes = gTimes.solarnooninminutes
		gTimes.astronomicaldaytime = ( self.minutesnow <= (gTimes.astronomicaltwilightendinminutes or 0) and self.minutesnow >= (gTimes.astronomicaltwilightstartinminutes or 9999))
		gTimes.nauticaldaytime = (self.minutesnow <= (gTimes.nauticaltwilightendinminutes or 0) and self.minutesnow >= (gTimes.nauticaltwilightstartinminutes or 9999))
		gTimes.nauticalnighttime = not(gTimes.nauticaldaytime)
		gTimes.astronomicalnighttime = not(gTimes.astronomicaldaytime)
		gTimes.midnightinminutes = 0
		return true
	end

	-- returns true if self.time matches the rule
	function self.matchesRule(rule, processed)
		if type(rule) ~= 'string' or rule == '' then
			utils.log('Time rule is not a string.',utils.LOG_ERROR)
			return false

		-- split into atomic time rules to simplify and speedup processing
		elseif not(processed) then
			populateAstrotimes()
			local rule = rule:lower()
			local validPositiveRules = true
			local negativeKeyword = 'except'

			local function ruleSplit(rawRule)
				local ruleKeywords = 'on, between, every, in'
				local allRules = {}
				local aRule = ''

				for ruleWord in string.gmatch(rawRule, "[%S]+") do -- all "words" separated by spaces
					if ruleKeywords:find(ruleWord) and aRule ~= '' then
						table.insert(allRules, aRule)
						aRule = ''
					end
					aRule = ( aRule == '' and ruleWord ) or ( aRule .. ' ' .. ruleWord )
				end
				if aRule ~= '' then table.insert(allRules, aRule) end
				return allRules or {}
			end

			local positiveRules, negativeRules
			local exceptPosition = rule:find(negativeKeyword)

			if rule:find('%s+or%s+') then
				local subRules = utils.splitLine(rule, 'or')
				for _, subRule in ipairs(subRules) do
					if self.matchesRule( subRule ) then return true end
				end
				return false
			elseif exceptPosition then
				positiveRules = ruleSplit(rule:sub(1, exceptPosition - 1))
				negativeRules = ruleSplit(rule:sub(exceptPosition + #negativeKeyword, #rule))
			else
				negativeRules = nil
				positiveRules = ruleSplit(rule)
			end

			for _, aRule in ipairs(positiveRules) do
				validPositiveRules = validPositiveRules and self.matchesRule(aRule, true)
				if validPositiveRules == false then return false end
			end

			if exceptPosition then
				for _, aRule in ipairs( negativeRules) do
					if self.matchesRule(aRule, true) then return false end
				end
			end

			return validPositiveRules
		end

		local res
		local total = false

		local function updateTotal(res)
			total = res ~= nil and (total or res) or total
		end

		for _, word in pairs({'week', 'every', 'on', 'after', 'before', 'at' , 'between' }) do
			ruleWords[word] = utils.containsWord(rule, word)
		end

		res = ruleWords.week and self.ruleIsInWeek(rule)
		if (res == false) then --in week <weeks> was specified but 'now' is not on any of the specified weeks
			return false
		end
		updateTotal(res)

		res = ruleWords.on and self.ruleIsOnDay(rule) -- range
		if (res == false) then -- on <days> was specified but 'now' is not on any of the specified days
			return false
		end
		updateTotal(res)

		res = ruleWords.on and self.ruleIsOnDate(rule)
		if (res == false) then -- on date <dates> was specified but 'now' is not on any of the specified dates
			return false
		end
		updateTotal(res)

		local _between = ruleWords.between and self.ruleMatchesBetweenRange(rule) -- range
		if (_between == false) then -- rule had between xxx and yyy is not in that range now
			return false
		end
		res = _between
		updateTotal(res)

		if (_between == nil) then -- there was not a between rule.
		-- A between-range can have before/after sunrise/set rules so it cannot be combined with these here

			res = ruleWords.before and self.ruleIsBeforeAstrologicalMoment(rule) -- moment
			if (res == false) then -- (sub)rule has before xxstart, xxend, sunset, sunrise or solarnoon
				return false
			end
			updateTotal(res)

			res = ruleWords.after and self.ruleIsAfterAstrologicalMoment(rule) -- moment
			if (res == false) then -- (sub)rule has after xxstart, xxend, sunset, sunrise or solarnoon
				return false
			end
			updateTotal(res)

		end

		res = ruleWords.at and self.ruleIsAtAstronomicalMoment(rule)
		if (res == false) then -- rule has at xxstart, xxend, sunset, sunrise or solarnoon
			return false
		end
		updateTotal(res)

		res = ruleWords.at and self.ruleIsAtAstronomicalRange(rule)
		if (res == false) then -- rule has at xxdaytime or xx nighttime
			return false
		end
		updateTotal(res)

		res = ruleWords.every and self.ruleMatchesHourSpecification(rule) -- moment
		if (res == false) then -- rule has every xx hour but its not the right time
			return false
		end
		updateTotal(res)

		res = ruleWords.every and self.ruleMatchesMinuteSpecification(rule) -- moment
		if (res == false) then -- rule has every xx minute but its not the right time
			return false
		end
		updateTotal(res)

		rule = sanitize(rule)
		res = ruleWords.at  and self.ruleMatchesTime(rule) -- moment / range
		if (res == false) then -- rule has at hh:mm part but didn't match (or was invalid)
			return false
		end
		updateTotal(res)

		res = ruleWords.at and self.ruleMatchesTimeRange(sanitize(rule)) -- range
		if (res == false) then -- rule has at hh:mm-hh:mm but time is not in that range now
			return false
		end
		updateTotal(res)

		return total

	end

	return self
end

return Time
