Chapter 11 - Chat App/ChatAppFinished/Pods/FirebaseDatabase/Firebase/Database/Utilities/FValidation.m
/*
 * Copyright 2017 Google
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#import "FValidation.h"
#import "FConstants.h"
#import "FParsedUrl.h"
#import "FTypedefs.h"


// Have to escape:  * ? + [ ( ) { } ^ $ | \ . /
// See: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Foundation/Reference/NSRegularExpression_Class/Reference/Reference.html

NSString *const kInvalidPathCharacters = @"[].#$";
NSString *const kInvalidKeyCharacters =  @"[].#$/";

@implementation FValidation

+ (void) validateFrom:(NSString *)fn writablePath:(FPath *)path {
    if([[path getFront] isEqualToString:kDotInfoPrefix]) {
        @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"WritablePathValidation" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) failed to path %@: Can't modify data under %@", fn, [path description], kDotInfoPrefix] userInfo:nil];
    }
}

+ (void) validateFrom:(NSString*)fn knownEventType:(FIRDataEventType)event {
    switch (event) {
        case FIRDataEventTypeValue:
        case FIRDataEventTypeChildAdded:
        case FIRDataEventTypeChildChanged:
        case FIRDataEventTypeChildMoved:
        case FIRDataEventTypeChildRemoved:
            return;
            break;
        default:
            @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"KnownEventTypeValidation" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Unknown event type: %d", fn, (int) event] userInfo:nil];
            break;
    }
}

+ (BOOL) isValidPathString:(NSString *)pathString {
    static dispatch_once_t token;
    static NSCharacterSet *badPathChars = nil;
    dispatch_once(&token, ^{
        badPathChars = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:kInvalidPathCharacters];
    });
    return pathString != nil && [pathString length] != 0 &&
            [pathString rangeOfCharacterFromSet:badPathChars].location == NSNotFound;
}

+ (void) validateFrom:(NSString *)fn validPathString:(NSString *)pathString {
    if(! [self isValidPathString:pathString]) {
         @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidPathValidation" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Must be a non-empty string and not contain '.' '#' '$' '[' or ']'", fn] userInfo:nil];
    }
}

+ (void) validateFrom:(NSString *)fn validRootPathString:(NSString *)pathString {
    static dispatch_once_t token;
    static NSRegularExpression *dotInfoRegex = nil;
    dispatch_once(&token, ^{
        dotInfoRegex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"^\\/*\\.info(\\/|$)" options:0 error:nil];
    });

    NSString *tempPath = pathString;
    // HACK: Obj-C regex are kinda' slow.  Do a plain string search first before bothering with the regex.
    if ([pathString rangeOfString:@".info"].location != NSNotFound) {
        tempPath = [dotInfoRegex stringByReplacingMatchesInString:pathString options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, pathString.length) withTemplate:@"/"];
    }
    [self validateFrom:fn validPathString:tempPath];
}

+ (BOOL) isValidKey:(NSString *)key {
    static dispatch_once_t token;
    static NSCharacterSet *badKeyChars = nil;
    dispatch_once(&token, ^{
        badKeyChars = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:kInvalidKeyCharacters];
    });
    return key != nil && key.length > 0 && [key rangeOfCharacterFromSet:badKeyChars].location == NSNotFound;
}

+ (void) validateFrom:(NSString *)fn validKey:(NSString *)key {
    if (![self isValidKey:key]) {
        @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidKeyValidation" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Must be a non-empty string and not contain '/' '.' '#' '$' '[' or ']'", fn] userInfo:nil];
    }
}

+ (void) validateFrom:(NSString *)fn validURL:(FParsedUrl *)parsedUrl {
    NSString* pathString = [parsedUrl.path description];
    [self validateFrom:fn validRootPathString:pathString];
}

#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Authentication validation

+ (BOOL) stringNonempty:(NSString *)str {
    return str != nil && ![str isKindOfClass:[NSNull class]] && str.length > 0;
}

+ (void) validateToken:(NSString *)token {
    if (![FValidation stringNonempty:token]) {
        [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException format:@"Can't have empty string or nil for custom token"];
    }
}

#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Handling authentication errors

/**
* This function immediately calls the callback.
* It assumes that it is not on FirebaseWorker thread.
* It assumes it's on a user-controlled thread.
*/
+ (void) handleError:(NSError *)error withUserCallback:(fbt_void_nserror_id)userCallback {
    if (userCallback) {
        userCallback(error, nil);
    }
}

/**
* This function immediately calls the callback.
* It assumes that it is not on FirebaseWorker thread.
* It assumes it's on a user-controlled thread.
*/
+ (void) handleError:(NSError *)error withSuccessCallback:(fbt_void_nserror)userCallback {
    if (userCallback) {
        userCallback(error);
    }
}

#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Snapshot validation

+ (BOOL) validateFrom:(NSString*)fn isValidLeafValue:(id)value withPath:(NSArray*)path {
    if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        // Try to avoid conversion to bytes if possible
        NSString* theString = value;
        if ([theString maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] > kFirebaseMaxLeafSize &&
                   [theString lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] > kFirebaseMaxLeafSize) {
            NSRange range;
            range.location = 0;
            range.length = MIN(path.count, 50);
            NSString* pathString = [[path subarrayWithRange:range] componentsJoinedByString:@"."];
            @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidFirebaseData" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) String exceeds max size of %u utf8 bytes: %@", fn, (int)kFirebaseMaxLeafSize, pathString] userInfo:nil];
        }
        return YES;
    }

    else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {
        // Cannot store NaN, but otherwise can store NSNumbers.
        if ([[NSDecimalNumber notANumber] isEqualToNumber:value]) {
            NSRange range;
            range.location = 0;
            range.length = MIN(path.count, 50);
            NSString* pathString = [[path subarrayWithRange:range] componentsJoinedByString:@"."];
            @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidFirebaseData" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Cannot store NaN at path: %@.", fn, pathString] userInfo:nil];
        }
        return YES;
    }

    else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
        NSDictionary* dval = value;
        if (dval[kServerValueSubKey] != nil) {
            if ([dval count] > 1) {
                NSRange range;
                range.location = 0;
                range.length = MIN(path.count, 50);
                NSString* pathString = [[path subarrayWithRange:range] componentsJoinedByString:@"."];
                @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidFirebaseData" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Cannot store other keys with server value keys.%@.", fn, pathString] userInfo:nil];
            }
            return YES;
        }
        return NO;
    }

    else if (value == [NSNull null] || value == nil) {
        // Null is valid type to store at leaf
        return YES;
    }

    return NO;
}

+ (NSString*) parseAndValidateKey:(id)keyId fromFunction:(NSString*)fn path:(NSArray*)path {
    if (![keyId isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
        NSRange range;
        range.location = 0;
        range.length = MIN(path.count, 50);
        NSString* pathString = [[path subarrayWithRange:range] componentsJoinedByString:@"."];
        @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidFirebaseData" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Non-string keys are not allowed in object at path: %@", fn, pathString] userInfo:nil];
    }
    return (NSString*)keyId;
}

+ (void) validateFrom:(NSString*)fn validDictionaryKey:(id)keyId withPath:(NSArray*)path {
    NSString *key = [self parseAndValidateKey:keyId fromFunction:fn path:path];
    if (![key isEqualToString:kPayloadPriority] && ![key isEqualToString:kPayloadValue] && ![key isEqualToString:kServerValueSubKey] && ![FValidation isValidKey:key]) {
        NSRange range;
        range.location = 0;
        range.length = MIN(path.count, 50);
        NSString *pathString = [[path subarrayWithRange:range] componentsJoinedByString:@"."];
        @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidFirebaseData" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Invalid key in object at path: %@. Keys must be non-empty and cannot contain '/' '.' '#' '$' '[' or ']'", fn, pathString] userInfo:nil];
    }
}

+ (void) validateFrom:(NSString*)fn validUpdateDictionaryKey:(id)keyId withValue:(id)value {
    FPath *path = [FPath pathWithString:[self parseAndValidateKey:keyId fromFunction:fn path:@[]]];
    __block NSInteger keyNum = 0;
    [path enumerateComponentsUsingBlock:^void (NSString *key, BOOL *stop) {
        if ([key isEqualToString:kPayloadPriority] && keyNum == [path length] - 1) {
            [self validateFrom:fn isValidPriorityValue:value withPath:@[]];
        } else {
          keyNum++;

          if (![FValidation isValidKey:key]) {
              @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidFirebaseData" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Invalid key in object. Keys must be non-empty and cannot contain '.' '#' '$' '[' or ']'", fn] userInfo:nil];
          }
        }
    }];
}

+ (void) validateFrom:(NSString*)fn isValidPriorityValue:(id)value withPath:(NSArray*)path {
    [self validateFrom:fn isValidPriorityValue:value withPath:path throwError:YES];
}

/**
* Returns YES if priority is valid.
*/
+ (BOOL)validatePriorityValue:value {
    return [self validateFrom:nil isValidPriorityValue:value withPath:nil throwError:NO];
}

/**
* Helper for validating priorities.  If passed YES for throwError, it'll throw descriptive errors on validation
* problems.  Else, it'll just return YES/NO.
*/
+ (BOOL) validateFrom:(NSString*)fn isValidPriorityValue:(id)value withPath:(NSArray*)path throwError:(BOOL)throwError {
    if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {
        if ([[NSDecimalNumber notANumber] isEqualToNumber:value]) {
            if (throwError) {
                NSRange range;
                range.location = 0;
                range.length = MIN(path.count, 50);
                NSString *pathString = [[path subarrayWithRange:range] componentsJoinedByString:@"."];
                @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidFirebaseData" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Cannot store NaN as priority at path: %@.", fn, pathString] userInfo:nil];
            } else {
                return NO;
            }
        } else if (value == (id) kCFBooleanFalse || value == (id) kCFBooleanTrue) {
            if (throwError) {
                NSRange range;
                range.location = 0;
                range.length = MIN(path.count, 50);
                NSString *pathString = [[path subarrayWithRange:range] componentsJoinedByString:@"."];
                @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidFirebaseData" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Cannot store true/false as priority at path: %@.", fn, pathString] userInfo:nil];
            } else {
                return NO;
            }
        }
    }
    else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
        NSDictionary *dval = value;
        if (dval[kServerValueSubKey] != nil) {
            if ([dval count] > 1) {
                if (throwError) {
                    NSRange range;
                    range.location = 0;
                    range.length = MIN(path.count, 50);
                    NSString *pathString = [[path subarrayWithRange:range] componentsJoinedByString:@"."];
                    @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidFirebaseData" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Cannot store other keys with server value keys as priority at path: %@.", fn, pathString] userInfo:nil];
                } else {
                    return NO;
                }
            }
        } else {
            if (throwError) {
                NSRange range;
                range.location = 0;
                range.length = MIN(path.count, 50);
                NSString *pathString = [[path subarrayWithRange:range] componentsJoinedByString:@"."];
                @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidFirebaseData" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Cannot store an NSDictionary as priority at path: %@.", fn, pathString] userInfo:nil];
            } else {
                return NO;
            }
        }
    }
    else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) {
        if (throwError) {
            NSRange range;
            range.location = 0;
            range.length = MIN(path.count, 50);
            NSString *pathString = [[path subarrayWithRange:range] componentsJoinedByString:@"."];
            @throw [[NSException alloc] initWithName:@"InvalidFirebaseData" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@) Cannot store an NSArray as priority at path: %@.", fn, pathString] userInfo:nil];
        } else {
            return NO;
        }
    }

    // It's valid!
    return YES;
}
@end
